Informatics Publishing Limited

Navdeep Kaur ¹, Harminder Kaur Saini ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Apparel and Textile Science, College of Home Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana (Punjab), IN

Abstract

The investigation entitled was carried out in Ludhiana city. An interview schedule was prepared for the purpose of collecting data from 90 college going girls between the age group of 18-22 years selected randomly from three college of Ludhiana city. The results of the study revealed that majority of the respondents were from the age group of 18 to 20 years, in their second year of graduation, belonged to nuclear families, urban background and had family income ranging between Rs. 41, 000 to 80,000. Preferences regarding the developed designs of one piece dresses showed that design A₂, B₂, C₁, D₁, E₂, F₁, G₂, H₁, I₂ and J₁ got the first rank. The preferences of the respondents for ten selected first ranked designs of one piece dresses were again taken. On the basis of the preferences, five top ranked designs of one piece dresses were constructed. Design A₂ was most preferred design with mean score of 4.7 and design D₁ with mean score of 4.2 was given second rank. Design B₂, J₁ and C₁ were given third, fourth and fifth ranks, respectively. Developed designs of one piece dresses were evaluated by a sub sample of 30 respondents about the design, suitability of colour combination, silhouette, comfort and overall appearance of the dress. It was found that design D₁ was given first rank on the basis of design, suitability of colour combination, silhouette and overall appearance of the garment. Whereas design C₁ was given first rank on the basis of comfort.

Keywords

Architecture, Dress, Design.

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Sherry Chalotra ¹, S. K. Sehra ¹, Y. S. Brar ², Navdeep Kaur ³

Affiliations
1 CSE Department, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana - 141006, Punjab, IN
2 EE Department, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana - 141006, Punjab, IN
3 CSE Department, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib - 140407, Punjab, IN

Abstract

Constructive Cost Model (COCOMO) used parameters for software effort estimation, which were calculated in 1981 by regression analysis of 63 types of project data; therefore applying these parameters to current project development will not generate accurate results. The objective of current research is applying Bee Colony Optimization (BCO) metaheuristic approach to optimize the parameters of COCOMO model for improving software cost estimation. The Bee Colony Optimization (BCO) is a new branch of Swarm Intelligence and has been applied successfully to various engineering disciplines. BCO approach is a “bottom-up” approach to modeling where special kinds of artificial agents are created by analogy with bees. These artificial agents or bees are used to solve complex combinatorial optimization problems. The proposed model validation is carried out using Interactive Voice Response software project dataset of a company. The results generated by the proposed model are compared to those obtained by methods proposed in the literature using Walston-Felix, SEL, Bailey-Basil, COCOMO II and Halstead models. The BCO approach generates various partial solutions and best solution is selected based on Mean Magnitude of Relative Error. The results obtained show that the proposed BCO based model is able to improve the accuracy of cost estimation and also outperform other models.

Keywords

Bee Colony Optimization, Constructive Cost Model, Optimization, Software Cost Estimation

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Navpreet Kaur Walia ¹, Navdeep Kaur ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, IN

Abstract

Cloud Computing is the inevitable emerging technology which thrives on managing the services to users in an effective manner. Providing those services requires an optimal solution for scheduling tasks to the resources within time bound. Genetic Algorithm (GA) is one of the scheduling algorithm which is based on evolutionary concept has been extensively studied in literature. In this paper, the performance of the Efficient Genetic Algorithm (EGA) is evaluated in different cloud computing environments. A comparison analysis revealed that EGA is more effective in heterogeneous environment as compared to homogeneous environment.

Keywords

Genetic Algorithm, Scheduling, Cloud Environment.

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Simarjeet Kaur ¹, Navdeep Kaur ¹, Kamaljit Singh ²

Affiliations
1 Deptt of CSE, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, IN
2 Deptt of ECE, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, IN

Abstract

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has achieved researcher's interest worldwide in the last decade. For some applications like environmental monitoring, health monitoring, tracking applications etc., position of node plays a vital role. As wireless sensor networks are deployed in hostile and unattended environment, nodes are prone to various types of attacks like Sybil attack, black hole attack, wormhole attack etc. So security is a main concern in wireless sensor network. Therefore secure localization of nodes is an active area of research. This paper surveys different schemes that have been proposed to find the location of a node securely.

Keywords

Wireless Sensor Network, Security, Localization.

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Navdeep Kaur ¹

Affiliations
1 Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, IN

Abstract

Annie Besant was an educationalist with high aims and ideals. She emphasised on the need for India to develop a national spirit to take its place among the nations of the world and to develop educational methods founded on Indian ideals. She became the founder of National Education under the name of the Society for promotion of National Education. She brought a new spirit in the country and worked tirelessly for the promotion of education.

Keywords

Annie Besant, Educational Thoughts, National Education.

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Navdeep Kaur ¹, Williamjeet Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Punjabi University Patiala, Punjab, IN

Abstract

Objectives/Background: Addiction of alcohol is a complex disease which results from diversity of social, genetic and environmental influences. A report by World Health Organization, WHO (2014) estimates that most of the deaths are from alcohol related causes.The objective of this study is to analyze the alcoholic behavior of different age group people on the basis of risk factors. In this paper, we construct a comparative model of different classification techniques to analyze the best algorithm for predicting the alcoholic behavior of a person. Methods: Under this context, random tree and J48 that are decision tree algorithms have been exercised on the dataset of 600 people that is collected through a structured questionnaire by visiting de addicted centers, colleges, villages, government offices, old age homes of Patiala, Punjab. Findings: Results conclude that the random tree provides more precise results than J48 for all the age group people. Risk factors that come out to be most effective are impulsive nature, sensation seeking nature, financial loss, family conflict, depression, child abuse, alcoholic shop near home distance.The overall accuracy of random tree is 75.94% and for J48 is 71.26%. Applications/Improvement: There is a need to develop some intelligent tools in this area and the rules extracted from this analysis can be further used for designing the tool. More attributescan be incorporated to achieve the optimal results for predicting the behavior of an alcoholic person.

Keywords

Addiction, Classification, Data Mining, Prediction.

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Baljit Singh Saini ¹, Navdeep Kaur ², Kamaljit Singh Bhatia ²

Affiliations
1 CSE, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib - 140407,CSE, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, IN
2 CSE, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib - 140407, Punjab, IN

Abstract

Biometric is the science of authenticating a user based on his physical or behavioral attributes. Keystroke dynamics is behavioral study which analyses the typing rhythm of the user. We adopted a systematic procedure for studying the state of the art in keystroke dynamics in mobile phones. We analyzed the features extracted, the classification techniques, the input text, length of the input text, number of users, hardware used and the results that each study got. We included research articles that focused on keystroke dynamics for mobile devices only. It was found that majority of the research used latency as the prominent feature. Hold time and pressure are also used in combination with latency to get improved results. The most popular classification techniques are either statistical or neural network based, although it is difficult to say which is better since the users, testing conditions and features used are different in all researches. Also the number of users that are used for taking the input are generally less than 100 which is not a good representation sample. The application of this technique is very cost effective as it does not require any extra hardware. Hence there is a need to share the datasets by researchers and develop a standard against which every researcher can compare his results. Also the environment in which the tests are performed should be uncontrolled which will give results that are more realistic and close to real deployment environment.

Keywords

Keystroke Dynamics, Mobile, Survey

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Manish Mahajan ¹, Navdeep Kaur ², Shashi Bhushan ³

Affiliations
1 Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, IN
2 Department of Computer Science Engineering., SGGSWU, Fatehgarh Sahib, IN
3 Department of Information Technology, Chandigarh Engineering College, Landran, Mohali, IN

Abstract

Steganography is a technique in which secret message is hidden in some media like image file, audio file or video file. The objective of the steganography is to prevent the unauthorized user to estimate that certain secret communication is going on by concealing the very existence of secret message. As it is clear this thing involves deceiving the human visual system (HVS) to get an impression that some secret message is hidden in image or some other media file. Saliency model is one of the methods that generate a map corresponding to the attention region of Human Visual System. So Human Visual System (HVS) is a point of interconnection between two concepts - Steganography and Saliency Map. In this work we represent a method for data hiding in images based on saliency map.

Keywords

Saliency Map, Wavelet Domain, Model Based Steganography, Imperceptibility.

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Manish Mahajan ¹, Navdeep Kaur ², Shashi Bhushan ³

Affiliations
1 Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, IN
2 Department of Computer Science Engineering, Chandigarh Engineering College, Landran, Mohali, IN
3 Department of Information Technology, Chandigarh Engineering College, Landran, Mohali, IN

Abstract

Visual system of human beings does not process the complete area of image rather focus upon limited area of visual image. But in which area does the visual attention focused is a topic of hot research nowadays. Research on psychological phenomenon indicates that attention is attracted to features that differ from its surroundings or the one that are unusual or unfamiliar to the human visual system. Detection of visually salient image regions is useful for applications like object segmentation, adaptive compression, and object recognition. Object or region based image processing can be performed more efficiently with information pertaining locations that are visually salient to human perception with the aid of a saliency map. Recently many authors have used wavelet domain for detection of salient regions. This domain has shown promising results but almost all the authors have ignored the detail components of wavelet domain which may have some useful information. So in this paper we have tried to use the wavelet domain method to detect salient regions using approximation and all detail components. Further this saliency map will be used for steganography.

Keywords

Saliency Map, Wavelet Transform, Approximation Coefficients, Detail Coefficients, Salient Region.

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Sumeet Kaur Sehra ¹, Yadwinder Singh Brar ¹, Navdeep Kaur ²

Affiliations
1 I.K.G. Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, IN
2 Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, IN

Abstract

Reliable and accurate estimation of software has always been a matter of concern for industry and academia. Numerous estimation models have been proposed by researchers, but no model is suitable for all types of datasets and environments. Since the motive of estimation model is to minimize the gap between actual and estimated effort, the effort estimation process can be viewed as an optimization problem to tune the parameters. In this paper, evolutionary computing techniques, including, Bee colony optimization, Particle swarm optimization and Ant colony optimization have been employed to tune the parameters of COCOMO Model. The performance of these techniques has been analysed by established performance measure. The results obtained have been validated by using data of Interactive voice response (IVR) projects. Evolutionary techniques have been found to be more accurate than existing estimation models.

Keywords

Machine Learning, COCOMO, MMRE, Evolutionary Computing.

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Navdeep Kaur , Navdeep Kanwal

Abstract

Segmentation partitions an image into distinct regions containing each pixel with similar attributes. The level to which this partition is carried out depends on the problem being solved, i.e., the segmentation should stop when the objects of interest in an application have been isolated. The applications of computer vision require an image segmentation to extract the meaningful regions of the image. Image segmentation is very useful tool in medical applications. In medical area it is used to extract or region of interest from the background. Image Segmentation simplifies and/or changes the representation of an image into meaningful form and which is easier to analyse.

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Navdeep Kaur ¹, Lal Chand Panwar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Computer Engineering, Punjabi University, Patiala, IN

Abstract

This review paper discusses various image segmentation methods for parting plant images to identify infected part of leaf. Segmentation is an image processing system that is used to divide image into parts in light of pixel and auxiliary data. Segmentation is utilized to separate area of interest based on the application. This paper explains about area based and edge based segmentation methods under which thresholding, K-mean, Fuzzy C mean systems are examined.

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Surinder Singh ¹, Navdeep Kaur ²

Affiliations
1 I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, Punjab, IN
2 Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Gill Park, Ludhiana, Punjab, IN

Abstract

Banking is one of the strongest pillars of the Service Sector; a major contributor to India’s GDP sources of credit to both household and industrial sectors. With the advent of globalization and upcoming private banks in India, there is a significant rise in the customers’ expectations resulting in increase in customers’ complaints. In this context, an effective and efficient “Complaint Redressal System” is looked upon not only from regulatory perspective but also marketing support. Awareness about the functioning of “Complaint Redressal System” by the customer and reaction of aggrieved/dissatisfied customers have kept banks vigilant in the competitive market environment. This research paper is an attempt to study the efficiency of “Complaint Redressal System” adopted by both private and public sector banks in India; the paper also undertakes comparative analysis of banks under two types of ownerships in terms of efficiency in resolving complaints, the customers’ perceptions, satisfaction and rating among these two types. Total 1000 bank customers (500 customers each of public sector banks and private sector banks) are surveyed from NCR. Exploratory research (secondary sources and literatures/review) and descriptive quantitative tools on the basis of primary data collect through survey are undertaken by the researcher. Hypotheses tests are done using both parametric test (Z-test) and non-parametric test (t-test, Chi-square test).

Keywords

Complaint Redressal System, Customer, Bank, Complaint, Grievance.

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Narinder Kaur ¹, Janu Arora ², Ravinder Kaur ³, Nitin Gupta ⁴, Vidur Bhalla ⁵, Navdeep Kaur ⁶, Bhavneet Singh ²

Affiliations
1 Professor, Department of Radiodiagnosis, Government Medical College and Hospital, Sector 32, Chandigarh, IN
2 Junior Resident, Government Medical College and Hospital, Sector 32, Chandigarh, IN
3 Professor and Head, Government Medical College and Hospital, Sector 32, Chandigarh, IN
4 Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College and Hospital, Sector 32, Chandigarh, IN
5 Professor, Department of Urology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Sector 32, Chandigarh, IN
6 Senior Resident, Department of Radiodiagnosis, Government Medical College and Hospital, Sector 32, Chandigarh, IN

Abstract

Background and Objectives: There are many causes of erectile dysfunction (ED) like congenital anomalies, neurological, endocrinal, pharmacological, psychological, pathological or hemodynamic. Penile doppler ultrasound provides real-time evaluation of cavernosal vascular flow dynamics. Purpose of our study was to evaluate and compare the baseline penile ultrasound and color doppler vascular parameters in patients of ED to see if there was any significant difference between patients of psychogenic and vasculogenic ED (diagnosed on post Papaverine injection color doppler) without the use of intracavernosal Papaverine injection. To best of our knowledge such detailed comparison of baseline penile ultrasound and doppler parameters have not been published in literature. Methods: We have prospectively studied 32 patients of ED who underwent ultrasound, and color doppler pre-and post-papaverine intracavernosal injection. Baseline pre papaverine diameters of right and left cavernosal arteries were measured on grey scale ultrasound. Peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV) and resistive index (RI) of right and left cavernosal arteries were measured on color doppler before and after injecting intracavernosal papaverine injection. Patients were divided into normal study group (psychogenic ED), arterial insufficiency and venous leakage groups (vasculogenic ED) on the basis of post papaverine color doppler findings. Results: Eighteen patients showed normal study, 11 showed arterial insufficiency and 3 patients had venous leakage on post Papaverine injection color doppler. When base line prepapaverine vascular diameters and color doppler parameters were compared statistically, no significant difference was detected between and within these study groups. We have also compared Ed duration and IIEF scores among various study groups and found statistically significant difference between and within the groups. Conclusion: Use of a vasoactive agent like Papaverine with color Doppler is must to diagnose the vasculogenic ED.

Keywords

Baseline, Color Doppler, Erectile Dysfunction, Penile Ultrasound, Psychogenic, Vasculogenic

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Navdeep Kaur ¹, R. K. Mittal ¹, V. K. Sood ¹, Alka Soharu ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, 176 062, IN

Abstract

The investigation was undertaken to score and identify the chlorophyll mutants in M generation of two 2 genotypes of black gram viz., HM-1 and PLP-93 during Kharif 2019. M generation was raised in Kharif 2018 1 from the seeds of both the genotypes treated with gamma-rays (100, 200, 300 and 400 Gy), EMS (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.44%) and their possible combinations. Five types of chlorophyll mutants were detected. Most frequent chlorophyll mutant was chlorina (31) followed by albino (15), xantha (12), variegated (7) and striata (6). The frequency of mutants showed gradual increase with increase in dose/concentration of mutagens in both gamma rays and EMS, while the combination treatments showed an irregular trend with increasing dose in both the genotypes of black gram. Combined treatments produced more mutant frequency than gamma-irradiation and EMS treatments for both genotypes of black gram. Genotype HM-1 was observed more responsive to mutation changes than the genotype PLP-93.

Keywords

Chlorophyll Mutants, EMS, Gamma-Rays, Mutant Frequency, Black Gram.

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Alka Soharu ¹, R.K. Mittal ¹, V.K. Sood ¹, Navdeep Kaur ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture,CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062,, IN

Abstract

Blackgram is not only a rich source of protein, vitamins and minerals especially in the vegetarian diet but is also utilized as fodder. In any breeding and varietal development programme variability is the prime requirement to acquire favorable gene combinations in segregating generations. Keeping this in view, 23 black gram landraces were evaluated during kharif 2021 at two distinct locations viz., KVK Berthin (Location-1) and Palampur (Location-2) using Randomized Block Design (RBD) in two replications to determine the extent of morphological variation among landraces by using 18 DUS parameters as well as genetic variability. The data was recorded for 11 polygenic characters viz., days to 50% flowering, days to 75% maturity, plant height, branches per plant, biological yield per plant, harvest index, seeds per pod, pods per plant, pod length, 100-seed weight and yield per plant. On the basis of DUS characterization, these genotypes were classified into distinct groups for nine trait and may be used as reference genotypes and grouping in hybridization programs for the production of improved varieties. The analysis of variance revealed significant variations for all yield and its component traits evaluated in each environment as well as the pooled environment. In the current investigation, values of PCV were observed to be higher than GCV for all of the traits under consideration, albeit with a very minor difference, demonstrating that GCV and PCV have a tight correlation and less influence of environment on the traits under investigation. As a conclusion, attributes with a great degree of variability; a meaningful selection based on phenotype would not be misleading. High heritability was found to be associated with higher genetic advance for biological yield per plant and harvest index, demonstrating the dominance of additive gene action, thus, referring advantages selection of these traits.

Keywords

Blackgram, Genetic variability, GCV, PCV, Heritability, Genetic advance.

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Gursimran Kaur Dhillon ¹, Navdeep Kaur ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Zoology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, IN

Abstract

Tatera indica, the Indian gerbil rat trapped during different growth stages of wheat crop, revealed that maximum mature gerbils (80-100%) were trapped during later growth stages (panicle initiationpreharvest+ lean period). While, 25 and 50% pregnant ones as well as 100 and 75% cyclic gerbils were collected during dough and preharvest stages, respectively. The weight of ovaries (13.00-19.00 mg/ 100 gbw), number and diameter of various follicles such as primordial (13.00-16.75; 19.57-19.98 μm), primary (6.50-7.33; 93.12-96.07 μm), secondary (2.75-3.67; 204.42-216.95 μm), pre-antral (2.75-3.50; 277.63-332.57 μm), antral (3.25-3.67; 474.44-499.98 μm), atretic (3.00-3.50; 211.49-247.33 μm) and corpus luteum (3.50- 5.50; 622.24-629.76 μm) were significantly more during later growth stages i.e. dough, preharvest stages and lean period. The sperm motility (89.50-89.67%), viability (92.50-92.67%) and count (119.67-131.75 millions/ ml) was significantly more during dough and preharvest stages. The diameter of seminiferous tubules (203.68- 229.44 μm), number of spermatogonia (16.67-17.50), elongating spermatids (85.67-88.50) and elongated spermatids (81.00- 89.50) were significantly more during panicle initiation, dough and preharvest stages. Thus, control operations of T. indica should be done during tillering/ panicle initiation stage before the initiation of their peak breeding activity during dough/preharvest stages.

Keywords

Wheat crop, growth stages, Tatera indica, population dynamics, reproductive biology, male, female, ovaries, follicles, sperm, motility, viability, seminiferous tubules, spermatogonia, spermatids

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