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Annie Mande ¹, Narender Malothu ², T. E. G. K. Murthy ³

Affiliations
1 Department Of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kl College Of Pharmacy, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur - 522502, Andhra Pradesh, IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KL College of Pharmacy, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur - 522502, Andhra Pradesh, IN
3 Department of Pharmacology, Bapatla College of Pharmacy, S.N.P. Agraharam, Bapatla, Andhra Pradesh - 522101, IN

Abstract

The present study aimed to determine the acute toxicity and screening of central analgesic activity of various extracts of Rhizophora apiculata leaves. The animals (Mice) were divided into control (no drug) and extract-treated groups (n=5), which were treated with diethyl ether, ethyl alcohol, and aqueous extract of R. apiculata leaves in various doses for specific regulatory needs. The groups which were given the highest safe doses were observed for 14 days. Then, blood samples were collected from high dose treated live mice through the retro-orbital route and were analysed for haematological, biochemical, and histopathological study. Evaluation of central analgesic activity was carried out by using tail immersion and hot plate methods. No considerable alterations were observed in body weight and organ-to-body weight index with the administration of extracts. An increase in albumin, globulin, total protein content and high-density lipoproteins, white blood cells, mean corpuscular volume, and eosinophils were observed. And a decrease in low-density lipoproteins, very low-density lipoproteins, triglycerides, and red blood cells were observed. Lymphocyte and monocyte levels were also reduced. The results also showed that the ethyl alcohol and aqueous extracts have elevated the time taken to flick response in the tail immersion test, and reduced the number of jumps, paw lick responses in the hot plate method. It was concluded that the diethyl ether and ethanolic extracts were found to be safe, which falls under non-toxic chemicals (LD50>2000 smg/kg) whereas the aqueous extract was found safe up to 550 mg/kg beyond which, it was shown mortality. Ethyl alcohol and aqueous extracts were also proved to have analgesic activity.

Keywords

Acute Oral Toxicity, Analgesic Activity, Histopathology, Tail Immersion Method, R. apiculata

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A. Anka Rao ¹, K. Pavan Kumar ², A. Narayana Rao ¹, Narender Malothu ¹, B. Prassana Kumar Desu ¹, Naga Raju Bandaru ¹

Affiliations
1 K L College of Pharmacy, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh - 522 502., IN
2 Research Scholar, K L College of Pharmacy, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh-522 502., IN

Abstract

Objective: Highly responsive simple Liquid-liquid Extraction Glipizide development using deuterated Glipizide and Sitagliptin LC-MS/MS Glipizide for gradation of Glipizide and Sitagliptin in rat plasma Glipizide: The chromatographic condition involves, isocratic mode using waters X-Bridge C18 3.5μ (150x4.6mm) column. Mobile phase 0.1% orthophosphoric acid and Acetonitrile in the ratio (80:20) was used and detection was carried out in a positive mode of electrospray ionization by using MS. Results: Glipizide has been validated, the linearity was observed in the range 10-150 ng/ml and 0.1-1.5 ng/ml for Glipizide and Sitagliptin respectively. For intraday and inter-day precision %RSD values were found to be within the acceptable limits. Recovery studies for Glipizide and Sitagliptin obtained was 99.5% and 98.6% respectively. The battery of stability studies like bench-top, Autosampler stability, freeze-thaw, and long term stability was performed. Conclusion: Highly responsive simple liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy assay Glipizidewas developed and witnessed for the gradation of Glipizideand Sitagliptin in rat plasma, the developed Glipizidewas applied to pharmacokinetic studies.

Keywords

LCMS, Glipizide, Sitagliptin, Glipizidevalidation, pharmacokinetic study.

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K. Jagadeeshwar ¹, R. Subhakara Raju ¹, G. Chakravarthi ¹, A. Rajasekhar Reddy ², G. S. N. Koteswara Rao ², Narender Malothu ¹

Affiliations
1 KL College of Pharmacy, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur – 522502, Andhra Pradesh, IN
2 Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM’s NMIMS, VL Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai - 400056, Maharashtra, IN

Abstract

The present study was planned to assess the anti-obesity efficacy of petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and methanolic extracts of leaves of Ougeinia oojeinensis (Roxb.) belonging to the family Fabaceae. The soxhlation method was employed to produce the extracts. Wistar rats were subjected to a high-fat diet for 40 days to induce obesity. Along with the high-fat diet, a standard drug Orlistat 50 mg/kg and various extracts of O. oojeinensis at 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg were administered for 40 days. The key markers like lipid profiles, SGOT, SGPT, glucose, body weight, food intake, body temperature, atherogenic index, coronary index, and weight of the organs were assessed. The anti-antioxidant properties like TBARS, GSH, GR, Gpx, SOD, and CAT were also estimated. The results revealed that O. oojeinensis with the doses 100 and 200 mg/kg showed significant Anti obese and hypolipidemic effects in rats fed with a high-fat diet.

Keywords

Antihyperlipidemic Anti-Obesity, Antioxidant, Lipid Profile, O. oojeinensis.

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