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Jawad, Najeeb
- Serum Levels and Half-Life of Carbaryl in Buffalo Calves after Subchronic Exposure:Implications for Withdrwal Times
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, IN
1 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, IN
Source
Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology), Vol 24, No 2 (2017), Pagination: 185-189Abstract
Carbaryl is recommended for use on fodders crops in India, but absolutely no work has been done on its toxicokinetics aspect in any species consuming these forage crops, including buffalo species. Since the toxicokinetics serves as a basis for recommending safe withdrawal period of any substance, the aim of this study was to compute important parameters of carbaryl after its subchronic exposure at recommended dose in order to serve as a guideline with regards to observation of meat withdrawal times in buffaloes exposed to carbaryl. Carbaryl was given at the dose rate of 1 mg/kg daily for 105 consecutive days and blood samples of each animal were collected, followed for extraction of carbaryl in serum. Carbaryl produced a gradual accumulation in serum of buffalo calves after oral exposure. There was variation in serum carbaryl levels from 3.31 ± 0.28 to 3.46 ± 0.61 ppm through day 15 to day 105 of exposure, respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) was computed to be 363.0 ± 10.1μg.ml-1.day-1. Volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss) was found to be 0.162 ± 0.017 ml.kg-1. The overall elimination rate constant (Kel) and mean residential time (MRT) were calculated to be 0.017 ± 0.003 day-1 and 59.1 ± 7.8 days, respectively. Based on mean serum levels of carbaryl, the elimination half life (t1/2β) of carbaryl in buffalo calves was calculated to be 67.37 days. Carbaryl had a long half-life in in buffalo calves. This finding will serve as a guideline with regards to observation of meat withdrawal times in buffaloes exposed to carbaryl. This is very important since carbaryl is recommended for spraying over fodder crops to control pests. However further studies are needed to verify this by measuring actual tissue residue levels of carbaryl at regular time intervals after exposure.Keywords
Carbaryl, Buffalo, Half-Life, Serum, Chromatography.
References
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Abstract Views :389 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, IN
1 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, IN
Source
Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology), Vol 24, No 2 (2017), Pagination: 198-202Abstract
The aim of the present work was to study the alterations of the antioxidant defenses and the overall susceptibility to oxidative stress of the Bubalus bubalis exposed to the carbamate pesticide Carbaryl at the dose rate of 1mg/kg/day for 105 consecutive days produced no observable signs of toxicity in buffalo calves. However, it produced a significant increase in the extent of lipid peroxidation (42.9%) and in the activity of anti-oxidant enzymes namely glutathione peroxidase (39.2%), glutathione reductase (45.3%), glutathione-S-transferase (29%), superoxide dismutase (65%) and catalase (34.5%).On the other hand, carbaryl administration resulted in significant decrease in the blood glutathione level (26%), an important intra-cellular component of defense against oxidative damage, which is indicative of variations in the overall anti-oxidant profile of buffalo calves induced with sub-chronic carbaryl toxicosis. Overall the current results demonstrated the susceptibility of B. Bubalis to oxidative stress induced by the exposure to Carbaryl at an environmentally realistic concentrations, exposing the animal to the risk of oxidative stress damages. The observed responses can be used as sensitive biomarkers for the detection and assessment of effects caused by Carbaryl pesticide exposure.Keywords
Carbaryl, Oxidative Stress, Buffalo Calves, Anti-Oxidant Enzymes.References
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