A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Chandrakumar, N.
- Newborn Screening: Saves Lives-Why is India Lagging behind in Implementing Newborn Screening?
Authors
1 Cloudnine Hospitals, Bangalore, IN
2 Cloudnine Hospital, Chennai, IN
Source
The Indian Practitioner, Vol 70, No 3 (2017), Pagination: 28-31Abstract
Newborn screening (NBS) is performed to identify genetic and biochemical disorders which cannot be identified clinically by routine examination after birth. Very few studies are available from India on the incidence of various disorders that are routinely identified by NBS. We present here the data from our database.
Methods: In this retrospective study, we collected data from our NBS database. We included all infants in the study for whom NBS was performed.
Results: We performed 48,600 tests over a period of 10 years. Among these, 1979 (4.1%) were found to be abnormal. Repeat testing was required in 98 (0.2%) of the cases. We found the incidence of congenital hypothyroidism, congenital adrenal hyperplasiaand G6PD deficiency were 1.2, 0.3 and 20 per 1000 live births respectively. Among the inborn errors of metabolism, the common disorders were Methymalonic academia (MMA) secondary to maternal vitamin B12 deficiency (5 per 1000) and transient tyrosinemia (1.1 per 1000).
Conclusion: Newborn screening saves lives. It has been shown to be effective in preventing handicap around the world and many countries have programmes on newborn screening for over 5 decades. In our study, had we not screened, we would have contributed 1055 children to mental retardation (958 G6PD deficiency and 57 children with congenital hypothyroidism) and probably would have lost another 100 babies who would have become statistics in India and 17 babies from our centres would have contributed to our Hijra population.
Keywords
Newborn Screening (NBS), Congenital Hypothyroidism (CHT), Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH), Glucose-6- Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency (G6PD Def).References
- Boyle CA, Bocchini Jr JA, Kelly J. Reflections on 50 years of newborn screening. Pediatrics. 2014;133:961–3.
- Wilson JMG, Jungner G. Principles and practice of screening for disease. World Health Organization Public Health Papers, No. 34; 1968. http://whqlibdoc. who.int /php/ WHO_PHP_34.pdf. Accessed on September 28, 2014.
- Bradford L. Therrell, Carmencita D. Padilla, Gerard Loeber, IssamKneisser, AmalSaadallah et al. Current Status of newborn screening worldwide 2015. Seminars in Perinatology 2015; 39: 171 – 187.
- N.Nagar, Kishore Kumar R. Challenges in implementation of universal neonatal screening in India: P56 – Poster presentation @ NNF, Pune 13-16th Dec 2007.
- Dr R. Kishore Kumar, Karambir Sing Gill, Shekar Subbaiah, Gauri Krishna. Significance of Newborn Screening for Citrullinaemia. Perinatology 2015; 16 (2): 85-87.
- R. Kishore Kumar, Ranieri E, Fletcher J. Newborn screening for congenital hypothyroidism in India is overdue. J Neonatal Biol. 2014;3:129.
- Dutta R. ICMR to conduct first nationwide newborn screening for genetic disorders. Express healthcare Management. 1st to 15th Sept 2005.
- R. Kishore Kumar, Hari Das, Prakash Kini. Newborn Screening for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia in India: What do we need to watch out for? J Obs&Gyanec India. 2016; 66 (6): 415-9.
- N Nagar, Kishore Kumar R. Is Newborn Screening by TMS relevant to India? P55 - Poster presentation at NNF, Pune 13-16th Dec;2007.
- R. Kishore Kumar, Nagar N, Ranieri E. Newborn screening for G6PD deficiency- why is it important for India? Indian J Pediatr. 2014;81: 90–1.
- R. Kishore Kumar, Piyush Shah & Syed Tejamul. Galactosaemia – The Cause of Gram Negative Neonatal Sepsis. BAOJ Pediatrics; 2016: 2 (2): 006-7.
- R. Kishore Kumar, Piyush Shah, Ramya A.N., Ramani Ranjan. Diagnosing Developmental Dysplasia of Hips in Newborns using Clinical Screen and Ultrasound of Hips – An Indian experience. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, 2016, 0, 1–5 doi: 10.1093/tropej/fmv107
- Dr R. Kishore Kumar, Dr Lakshmy Menon, Dr Nandini Nagar, Dr AshwiniKawale, Dr Suma.A.R. Analysis of cord blood gas – a prospective study – an Indian experience. J Ind Chapter RCPI; 2016: Jan: 14 – 21.
- IC Verma, S Bijarnia-Mahay, G Jhingan, J Verma. Newborn Screening: Need of the hour in India. Indian J Pediatr 2015; 82(1): 61-70.
- A Concurrent Fault Detection Scheme For The Aes Using Composite Fields
Authors
Source
International Journal of Innovative Research and Development, Vol 2, No 8 (2013), Pagination:Abstract
The faults that accidentally or maliciously occur in the hardware implementations of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) may cause erroneous encrypted/decrypted output. The use of appropriate fault detection schemes for the AES makes it robust to internal defects and fault attacks. In this paper, we present a lightweight concurrent fault detection scheme for the AES. In the proposed approach, the composite field S-box and inverse S-box are divided into blocks and the predicted parities of these blocks are obtained. Through exhaustive searches among all available composite fields, we have found the optimum solutions for the least overhead parity-based fault detection structures. A low-cost parity-based fault detection scheme for the S-box and the inverse S-box using composite fields. For increasing the error coverage, the predicted parities of the five blocks of the S-box and the inverse S-box are obtained (three predicted parities for the multiplicative inversion and two for the transformation and affine matrices). It is interesting to note that the cost of our multi-bit parity prediction approach is lower than its counterparts which use single-bit parity. It also has higher error coverage than the approaches using single-bit parities. We have implemented both the proposed fault detection S-box and inverse S- box and other Counterparts. The complexities of the proposed fault detection scheme are lower. The least area and delay overhead fault detection structures for the optimum composite fields using both polynomial basis and normal basis.