Informatics Publishing Limited

N. Arun ¹, V. Mehalai ², E. Edwin ², N. Sasireka ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Biochemistry, Vysya College, Salem-103, Tamilnadu, IN
2 Thanthai Hans Roever College of Arts and Science, Perambalur, Tamilnadu, IN

Abstract

Cassava residue from cassava processing is generally considered to environment pollution and aesthetic nuisance. Cassava waste pulps are good raw material for microbial population fermentation. Mostly used enriched food for cattle and poultry. So in the present study to assess cassava waste is used as carrier material for Trichoderma viride. Cassava tuber solid waste act as best substrates for Trichoderma viride survival and proliferation. Compost and enriched greatly enhanced the vegetable length and fresh and dry of vegetables. This compost had not significant role in protein, sugar and calcium accumulation. Compost and compost with bio fertilizer greatly enhanced the total yield and phosphorous in vegetables. Compost inoculated seedling were not affected by ischolar_main rot disease. So the waste cassava tuber solid waste was converted into enriched manure, it leads to the introduction of new organic fertilizer for the agricultural application. The present study will be lead to the people obtaining wealth from the waste and also its the better way to keep out pollution problem and to safe our environment.

Keywords

Cassava, Trichoderma viride, Rhizosphere, Azospirillium, Phosphobacterium.

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D. Parthiban ¹, K. Kumaresn ¹, N. Arun ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Biochemistry, Vysya College, Salem-103, IN

Abstract

Teratogenicity is the ability to cause developmental abnormaltiies in foetus. Substances with teratogenicity effects can damage the DNA of a developing foetus. They may cause abnormal development of a limb malformation of an organ and the effects for the developing foetus can vary depending on the teratogen. Chicken eggs are used as a model system to test teratogenic effect of drug. The present study carried out, Bhavana panjankula thailam is one of the Siddha drug indicated for karuppachudu (a type of pitha disorder affecting uterus), urinary tract infections, dry skin and constipation. In this study five concentrations of drug Bhavana panjankula thailam were injected into the chicken embryos. The castor oil, Ricin also injected to chick embryos at same concentrations. Lithium is used as a positive control in the same concentrations which affects limb deformities of the organ. 1:1 ratio of lithium and drug were injected into the embryo for scrutinize the effect of drug. At the 12^th day of incubation the eggs were dissected out and detect the malformation in the embryo. The results suggested that the lowest concentrations of drug treated embryo have no malformation and highest concentrations of drug treated embryo have malformed like heart and other organs are distorted. The DNA was isolated from embryos of chick and run in agarose gel electrophoresis to confirm the DNA damage.

Keywords

Teratogenicity, Bhavana Panjankula Thailam, Castor Oil, and Ricin, Chick Embryo, DNA Damage.

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P. Soniya ¹, K. Kumaresn ¹, D. Parthiban ¹, N. Arun ¹, P. Kumaravel ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Biochemistry, Vysya College, Salem-103, IN
2 Department of Biotechnology, Vysya College, Salem-103, IN

Abstract

The present study revealed the toxic effect of Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in Artemia salina and evaluated the mortality rate, morphological variations, Swimming speed velocity and chemical analysis in Artemia salina cysts. The ZnO NPs was synthesised by thermochemical method and it was characterized by using UV spectrum, XRD and FT-IR. Nanoparticles were spherical in nature and with size range of 30-40 nm. Artemia cysts were purchased from store, processed, and hatched in salt water. Artemia salina was treated using ZnO nanoparticles of various concentrations (mg/ml) and LC50 value (0.4 mg/ml) and mortality rate (24 and 48 hours) was evaluated. Aggregation of ZnO NPs in the gut region of salina was studied using phase contrast microscope. Behavioural responses (swimming speed velocity) in A. salina exposed to ZnO NPs for 48 hr were evaluated. This study showed that as the concentration of ZnO NPs increased, the mortality rate and aggregation of NPs in gut region were increased in salina, whereas the swimming speed velocity in A. salina decreased. Thus this study revealed that the low concentrations of ZnO NPs have no toxic effect on Artemia salina.

Keywords

Zinc Oxide, Nanoparticles and Artemia salina.

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B. Bhuvaneshwari ¹, G. Sivaelango ¹, D. Parthiban ¹, N. Arun ¹, P. Kumaravel ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Biochemistry, Vysya College, Salem-103, IN
2 Department of Biotechnology, Vysya College, Salem-103, IN

Abstract

In acid- base titrations, indicator are used to show a sharp color changes at end point which are mostly organic dyes. Due to environmental pollution, availability and cost, the search for natural acid-base indicator was started. In the present study the extract of Beta vulgaris was used to replace the synthetic indicators due to the disadvantage of less availability and high cost of synthetic dye. Extract of Beta vulgaris gives sharp and intense color changes as compared to synthetic indicator. The extracts were evaluated by using strong acid-strong base, strong acid-weak base, weak acid-strong base and weak acid -weak base. In all these titrations the extract was found to be very useful and accurate for indicating the neutralization point. Methanolic extract of Beta vulgaris was found to be a very useful, economical, simple and accurate for titration. The proposed herbal indicators can be used as a substitute to synthetic indicators.

Keywords

Acid, Base, Beta vulgaris, Biological Indicator.

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K. Kumaresn ¹, D. Parthiban ¹, V. Sivanarayan ¹, N. Arun ¹, P. Kumaravel ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Biochemistry, Vysya College, Salem-103, IN
2 Department of Biotechnology, Vysya College, Salem-103, IN

Abstract

We evaluated the stability of CuO NPs, and the toxic effects of their suspensions to Artemia salina (A. salina) larvae to elucidate the chemical and toxicological impact to marine micro-organisms. The results pointed to the fact that suspensions of CuO NPs were not acutely toxic to Artemia at environmentally feasible levels. However, prolonged exposure to the same suspensions induced significant toxicity. The results revealed that CuO NPs aggregate in seawater to micrometer particles. This process would ultimately reduce the toxic properties of the NPs. Nevertheless, CuO NPs showed differences in toxic effects depending on the concentration of nanoparticles. In future studies more attention should be given to the formulations of CuO NPs to better understand their toxicological properties since both surface properties and ion release kinetics change with underlying manufacturing processes. The exposure of these A. salina larvae to the selected MO-NPs did not induce significant mortality, although the NPs accumulated in the gut. However, behavioral and chemical analysis occurred after the exposure. The swimming speed alterations represent valid endpoints for CuO NP exposure.

Keywords

CuO Nanoparticle, Artemia salina, Enzymes, Mortality, FTIR.

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P. Madhanraj ¹, K. Ramanathan ², N. Arun ³, N. Nadimuthu ⁴, A. Panneerselvam ⁵

Affiliations
1 Department of Microbiology, Thanthai Hans Roever College, Perambalur-621212, IN
2 Department of Bioinformatics, Thanthai Hans Roever College, Perambalur-621212, IN
3 Department of Biochemistry, Thanthai Hans Roever College, Perambalur-621212, IN
4 Dept. of Plant Science, Avvaiyar Govt. College for Women, Karaikal-609602, Puducherry, U.T., IN
5 Department of Botany and Microbiology, A.V.V.M Sri Puspam College, Poondi, Thanjavur–613503, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

We have been investigating that the atomic study of Fusarium incarnatum with the utilization of Bioinformatics tools. We have been involved in the insilico study on the plant pathogen the Fusarium incarnatum. The involvement of Nucleotides and atoms in this species can be identified with the help of Bioinformatics tools. We can also involved in the analysis of amino acids which are present in this species and calculated the start and stop codons in different frames.

Keywords

Fusarium incarnatum, Bioinformatics Tools, Nucleotides, Atomic Study, Amino Acids, Frame Analysis.

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A. T. Krishnamurthy ¹, G. D. Vasanth Kumar ¹, V. B. Sanath Kumar ¹, N. Arun ¹

Affiliations
1 College of Horticulture, Mudigere (Karnataka), IN

Abstract

The present study was conducted during the year 2007, in Chikmagalur district of Karnataka with respect to know the extent of participation of farm women in different farm activities and post harvest practices. The study revealed that cent per cent of the respondents were participating in farm activities like transplanting and weeding followed by sowing (91.6 per cent), seed treatment (66.6 per cent), watch and ward (66.6 per cent) and manure application (58.3 per cent). With regard to post harvest practices, majority of the respondents participated in harvesting (87.5 per cent), cleaning (87.5per cent) and packing / bagging (58.33 per cent).

Keywords

Farm Women, Farm Practices, Farm Operations.

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A. T. Krishnamurthy ¹, A. Sreenatha ¹, G. P. Jayapalaiah ¹, N. Arun ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Extension, College of Horticulture, Mudigere, Chikmagalur (Karnataka), IN

Abstract

A study was conducted to know the production, marketing constraints and suggestions for further improvement by one hundred banana growers in Mudigere and NR Pura Taluks of Chikmagalur district during the year 2007. Majority of the growers expressed moisture stress in summer, excess of rain in monsoon and high wind speed were the major production constraints where as major marketing constraints expressed were fluctuation in market price and interference of middle men. Conducting training, establishment of processing unit, developing high yielding and short duration varieties and improvement of the marketing infrastructure were the important suggestions expressed for further improvement of banana by the banana growers.

Keywords

Marketing Constraints, Suggestions, Banana Growers.

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A. T. Krishnamurthy ¹, A. Sreenatha ¹, G. P. Jayapalaiah ¹, N. Arun ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Extension, College of Horticulture, Mudigere, Chikmagalur (Karnataka), IN

Abstract

The present study was conducted to know the personal, socio-economic status, adoption level and association between personal, socio-economic status with the adoption level of nursery practices of coconut growing farmers of Chikmagalur district. The study revealed that most of the respondents were middle aged (41-50 yrs.) having minimum education qualification with medium family size (7 to 10 members) and cent per cent of the farmers adopted recommended practices with regard to age of seedlings and majority adopted cultural practices, integrated disease and pest management, spacing and water management and neglected preventive measure and biological control of insect pest and diseases, IPM and IDM. The middle aged family size (7 to 10 members) of big farmers was significantly related to adoption level of nursery practices.

Keywords

Coconut, Improved Cultivation Practices, Adoption Level, Personal Socio-Economic Characteristics.

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G. Ranadive Ananth ¹, N. Arun ², P. Lalitha ³

Affiliations
1 Ambe Ecologix, Puducherry (U.T.), IN
2 K.M.Centre for Post Graduate Studies, Pondicherry University, Puducherry (U.T.), IN
3 Pondicherry University, Puducherry (U.T.), IN

Abstract

The world’s second largest population is in India and hence, provides a challenging task for the government and organizations to various issues. Chemical pulping and bleaching are used to increase the paper yield and quality; however it leads to release of pollution and hazardous to ecological health (Bajpai and Kondo, 1999).Therefore, an alternative method are sought and worked out by different scientists. The Microfungi such as Aspergillus glaucus, Trichoderma viridae were selected and their co-culture resulted in a significant performance.

Keywords

Biobleaching, Biopulping, Bagasse Fiber.

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