Informatics Publishing Limited

Hemendra Singh ¹, N. K. Singh ¹, D. K. Kardam ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Economics, College of Agriculture, Bikaner, Rajasthan, IN
2 Indian Farm forestry Development Co-operative Limited, Udaipur, Rajasthan, IN

Abstract

The present study was conducted to analyze the economics of groundnut crop. The study area was selected on the basis of highest area and production under this crop. The selected area was Jaipur district under groundnut crop. The present investigation was carried out to study the cost of cultivation and constraints in production confronted by farmer of selected groundnut crop. In groundnut about 77 per cent cost was variable cost and among fixed cost, renal value of owned land was found highest (17 %) of the total cost. The overall cost of production was Rs. 2399 on cost C3 basis. The gross income per hectare in cultivation of groundnut was Rs. 57557. The net income was workout Rs. 8610. However, return on per rupee with rental value owned land was Rs. 1.16 and without rental value Rs. 1.41. The study of constraints in production of the groundnut crop revealed that all the production problems were common in the study area. The timely not availability of labour, irrigation supply, electricity, lack of storage facility at farm level, weeding problem, unawareness of the seed rate were the major constraints identified in production of oilseed crops.

Keywords

Groundnut, Economic Analysis, Cost

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S. V. Amitha Mithra ¹, M. K. Kar ², T. Mohapatra ¹, S. Robin ³, N. Sarla ⁴, M. Seshashayee ⁵, K. Singh ⁶, A. K. Singh ⁷, N. K. Singh ¹, R. P. Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, IN
2 ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753 006, IN
3 Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, IN
4 ICAR-Indian Institute Rice Research, Hyderabad 500 030, IN
5 University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru 560 065, IN
6 Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 500 030, IN
7 ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, IN

Abstract

In 2007, with the help of DBT, a research project to create mutant resources for functional genomics in rice was launched through a national initiative involving ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi; ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi; Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore; ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad; University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore and Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. Genetically well-defined material is a prerequisite for functional genomics. Thus, the project aimed to generate EMS mutants in the background of an upland and short duration aus genotype, Nagina22, characterize the mutants and use them in crop improvement. As of now, nearly 85,000 rice M2 mutant populations have been created under the project. Based on field phenotyping, gain and or loss of function mutants for tolerance to herbicide spray, drought, salinity and resistance to rice leaf and panicle blast, sheath blight and high phosphorus (P) use efficiency under low P field have been identified. Notably, the herbicide-tolerant mutant identified is under the process of registration for distribution to public and private rice breeders under appropriate material transfer agreement. Besides this, the project also aims to serve as a 'National Repository of rice EMS mutant resource' for the researchers involved in rice biology and improvement in the country.

Keywords

EMS Mutagenesis, Mutant Resources, Nagina22, Rice.

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Alok Kumar Singh ¹, N. K. Singh ¹, V. K. Singh ¹, D. P. Singh ¹, N. P. Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Krishi Vigyan Kendra (NDUAT), MAU (U.P.), IN

Abstract

SSRs or microsatellites are tandem repeats of 2-8nt units of DNA and are ubiquitous in all genomes studied so far. SSR markers have many advantages over the other marker systems. The first advantage is their high reproducibility, which would be the most important in genetic analysis. The second advantage of the SSR marker system is the polymorphic genetic information contents. The third advantage has to do with the co-dominant nature of SSR polymorphisms. The fourth advantage of the SSR marker system is their abundance and distribution in genomes. A fifth advantage of the SSR marker system is that SSRs are preferentially associated with non-repetitive DNA. This review focuses on some of the reasons for SSR mutations that occur due to replication or repair process which may depend on not only the motif size but also the nucleotide composition of each motif as well as orientation of repeats or position with reference to replication origin. In this review tools for SSRs available are given with their advantages and disadvantages.

Keywords

SSRs Marker, RFLP, RAPD, AFLP, PCR, CID, SAT, TROLL, MISA.

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Vinit Kumar Singh ¹, C. R. J. Khess ², Deepanjan Bhattacharjee ³, N. K. Singh ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychiatric, Social Work NIMHANS, Bangalore, IN
2 Central Institute of Psychiatry (CIP), Ranchi, Jharkhand, IN
3 Department of Psychiatric Social Work, CIP, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, IN

Abstract

Parental bonding is characterized by intense attachment between parents and children which contains the sense of trust, love, care, and affection. It has long been proposed that aspects of the parent-child relationship dispose the child to depression in adulthood. This study was undertaken to examine the parental bonding among individuals with recurrent depressive disorder and normal controls. The study was a cross sectional and the sample was recruited from July 2013 to Jan 2014 through consecutive sampling method. The sample was consisted of 30 patients with the diagnosis of recurrent depressive disorder as per ICD-10 and 30 normal controls. Age range for both groups was 18 to 50 years. Both groups were matched in terms of age, sex and education. To assess the seventy of depression Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) and Parental Bonding Instrument and was used to assess the parental bonding in both the group. The two groups differed significantly in terms of mother and father care&protection. Low mother and father care and high mother and father protection was found in Recurrent Depressive Disorder (RDD) as compared to normal controls.

Keywords

Parental Bonding, Recurrent Depressive Disorder (RDD).

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N. K. Singh ¹, D. P. Singh ², Saurabh Verma ², N. P. Singh ², V. K. Singh ²

Affiliations
1 Krishi Vigyan Kendra (N.D.U.A.T.), Mau (U.P.), IN
2 Krishi Vigyan Kendra (N.D.U.A.T), Mau (U.P.), IN

Abstract

The brinjal crop covers largest area and plays an important role in total vegetable production in India. Brinjal crop suffers more from fruit and shoot borer insect pest and disease attack. Due to lack of awareness of farmers, KVK scientists promoted the integrated pest management practices in district for the suppression of pests and diseases. The integrated pest management strategy involving many components was demonstrated through innovative large scale contagious technology demonstration in 20 ha brinjal (local variety) crop area during the year 2014 during Kharif season in Mau district in Uttar Pradesh, India. The various production and protection parameters indicated that adoption of IPDM strategies decreased the cost of production without affecting the yield. The IPDM demonstration, insecticides sprays quantity reduction in brinjal was 100 lit. per hectare, respectively as compared to the local check. Adoption of IPDM technology increased the net income over the local check in brinjal local varieties Rs. 2,57,500/ha. In spite of increase in yield of brinjal, technological gap, extension gap and technology index existed. The improved technology gave higher gross return, net return with higher benefit cost ratio as farmers’ practices.

Keywords

Brinjal, Frontline Demonstration, IPM, Fruit, Shoot Borer, Bacterial Wilt.

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Kshitij Parmar ¹, N. K. Singh ², Lokesh Kumar Tinde ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Extension, S.V.P. University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (U.P.), IN
2 Department of C.D. and Extension, BVRI, Bichpuri, Agra (U.P.), IN
3 Department of Agricultural Extension, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia (W.B.), IN

Abstract

Kidney beans have become famous all over the world due to its health benefits as well as their savory texture. Kidney beans are termed as “King of Nutrition”. Brazil is top producer of kidney beans in the world. Red kidney beans are popularly known as “Rajma” in northern India. Various healthy dishes can be prepared using this bean in India. These beans are grown in most of the state’s northern and southern parts of India. Kidney beans are also called as “common bean”, “haricot bean”, “navy bean or snap bean”.

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Kshitij Parmar ¹, N. K. Singh ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Extension and Communication, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Modipuram, Meerut (U.P.), IN
2 Department of Community Development and Extension, B.V.R.I. Bichpuri, Agra (U.P.), IN

Abstract

Potatoes are one of the most common and important food sources on the planet, and they contain a wealth of health benefits that make them all the more essential as a staple dietary item for much of the world's population. These health benefits include their ability to improve digestion, reduce cholesterol levels, boost heart health, protect from polyps, prevent cancer, manage diabetes, strengthen the immune system, reduce signs of aging, protect the skin, increase circulation, reduce blood pressure, maintain fluid balance, reduce insomnia and boost eye health.

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Raju Kumawat ¹, B. L. Dhayal ², N. K. Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Economics, College of Agriculture, S.K. Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner (Rajasthan), IN
2 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Vadodara (Gujarat), IN

Abstract

The credit need to the farmers of Sriganganagar and Hanumangarh was about 40-42 per cent and 68 to 74 per cent to the farmers of Bikaner and Churu district of the total amount registered for recommended dose of inputs. In case of term loan about 42 to 54 per cent was needed to the farmers of study area for purchasing of farm equipments and machinery, minor irrigation system and for land development purposes. Of the credit need about 28 to 49 per cent short term credit was supplied to the farmers of study area. In case of term credit about 50 to 69 per cent term loan was supplied to the borrower farmers by financial institutions in study area. Purpose wise highest term credit (58 to 54 %) was provided for farm machinery and equipment to the farmers of Hanumangarh and Sriganganagar district. However, the higher 54-60 per cent term credit was supplied for minor irrigation to the farmers of Bikaner and Churu district. The total credit supplied varied from 82 to 87 per cent of the total credit need. The utilization pattern of the short term credit among small, medium and large farms of the study area was about 68 per cent (small) to 92 per cent (large farms). On an average utilized amount of the short term loan by the farmers of Bikaner region as whole was about 77 to 85 per cent of the total credit supplied for production purposes. About 79 to 85 per cent term loan and 82 to 87 per cent total loan was utilized by the farmers of Bikaner region. The short term credit gap of the borrower farmers of Bikaner region was estimated about 13 to 19 per cent, however, the supply gap in respect of term credit was 19 to 48 per cent of the total term credit need. The financial institutions preferred to provide the credit to the farmers having larger land holding. The repayment performance was found higher on small farmers followed by medium and large farmers in the study area. The repayment performance of short term loan on overall level was about 69 to 86 per cent. About 65 to 85 per cent difference farm large to small farms was found in repayment performance in the study area. The overdues amount was increased with increase in size of land holding. The extent of overdues increase of term loan ranged 15 to 33 per cent. The gross farm income, non farm income, cropping intensity, amount put for productive purposes and total land holding was significantly negative effect in overdues and variables such as amount put for unproductive farm expenses, old debts, live stock expenditure were having positive relationship with overdues.

Keywords

Credit Need, Farmers, Large Farms, Live Stock.

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Raju Kumawat ¹, B. L. Dhayal ², N. K. Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Economics, College of Agriculture, S.K. Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner (Rajasthan), IN
2 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Vadodara (Gujarat), IN

Abstract

The study was conducted to analyse the growth of agricultural credit over period of time, credit disbursement pattern and their utilization, credit gap, repayment performance, overdues and impact of agricultural credit on agricultural development and constraints in advancing the agricultural credit. The study was conducted in the district of Bikaner region viz., Sriganganagar, Hanumangarh, Bikaner and Churu district. A lead bank of each selected district was selected purposively for collection of secondary and primary data in respect of agricultural loan supplied to the farmers. The selected banks were Oriental Bank of Commerce from Sriganganagar, State Bank of Bikaner and Jaipur from Hanumangarh and Bikaner districts and Bank of Baroda for Churu district. A sample of 30 farmers was drawn as borrower farmers from each selected district by probability proportion to the number of borrower farmers in each group (small, medium and large farms). Similarly, 30 non-borrower farmers was also selected from each district using the similar method as borrower farmers to analyse the impact of credit. The analysis of data revealed that the higher growth rate 29.40 per cent was on credit supplied for crop loan followed by 26.10 per cent for minor irrigation system, 20.50 per cent for farm machinery and 10.10 per cent for land development in Bikaner region as whole.

Keywords

Growth, Formal Credit, Agriculture over Period of Time.

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P. Thanuja ¹, N. K. Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Economics, S.K. Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner (Rajasthan), IN

Abstract

Kodagu district is the coffee cup of Karnataka. The present investigation was carried out to study the cost, returns and investment feasibility of coffee plantation in Kodagu district. All three talluks of Kodagu viz., Madikeri, Virajpet and Somavarpet and one village from each talluk was selected. A sample of 60 farmers based on probability proportion to number of farmers available in each groups were selected for the study. The total establishment cost of coffee plantation was Rs. 464947.47 on small farmers, Rs. 442513.24 on large farmers. Maintenance cost of gestation period increased in each year with increase in age of coffee plants. Average yield reported in the study area was 1619.8kg/ha which was sold at an average price of 191.25 Rs./kg.

Keywords

Economic Analysis, Cost, Returns, Coffee Production.

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Prashant Upadhyay ¹, Pawan Sirothia ¹, N. K. Singh ¹, Manoj Kumar Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Soil Science, Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramodaya Vishwvidyalya, Chitrakoot, Satna (M.P.), IN

Abstract

The current study on the status of the soil fertility in Kalakankar block of dist. Pratapgarh U.P. by total 36 (0-15) soil samples. Soil sample (were collected from): three villages namely Alapur, Shahabad and Sahijani of Kalakankar block District Pratapgarh. The organic carbon content of all the three villages varied from low to medium. The available N content of all the three villages was found to be low and it was found to be in positive co–relation with the carbon content of the lands. The available N content was higher in medium land type of Shahabad in comparison to similar land type of other two villages. The available P content of all soil in all the three villages was moderate. However, the P content of the Alapur village was higher than other two villages because of the higher content of organic matter. The available K contents of all the soil of all the three villages was moderate to high and especially in the Sahijani village it was highest. This is the good indication for the high yield of various vegetable, fruits and tuber crops with a high amount of K. The S content was found to be comparatively higher in the medium land soil of all three villages, The available Zn content was moderate to rich in all types of soil, however, upland of all three village were rich in Zn content in comparison to medium and low land of the village. Bo content was higher in all types of soil of three villages. The various result obtained from the different soil tests gave information about the nutrients status of the soil, under study and on the basis of these findings, a balanced recommendation of fertilizers and manures to various crops can be made, that will help in increasing the productivity of different food crops.

Keywords

Soil Fertility, Organic Carbon, Pratpgarh, Nutrients.

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S. Datta ¹, B. S. Dhillon ², P. L. Gautam ³, J. L. Karihaloo ⁴, M. Mahadevappa ⁵, C. D. Mayee ⁶, G. Padmanaban ⁷, A. Parida ⁸, R. S. Paroda ⁹, M. Sharma ¹⁰, T. R. Sharma ¹¹, N. K. Singh ¹², R. B. Singh ¹³, R. V. Sonti ¹⁴, A. K. Tyagi ¹⁵, A. Varma ¹⁶, K. Veluthambi ¹⁷

Affiliations
1 Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700 019, IN
2 Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141 004, IN
3 Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Right Authority, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India, Societies Block, NASC Complex, DPS Marg, New Delhi 110 012, IN
4 Agrasen Apartment, Plot 10, Sector 7, Dwarka, New Delhi 110 075, IN
5 Division of Rural Development, JSS Mahavidyapeetha, Mysuru 570 004, IN
6 Raviram Residency, 13/1 Chitale Marg, Dhantoli, Nagpur 440 012, IN
7 Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, IN
8 Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar 751 023, IN
9 Trust for Advancement of Agricultural Sciences, Avenue II, Pusa Campus, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012,, IN
10 Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Koba Institutional Area, Gandhinagar 382 007, IN
11 National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Knowledge City, Mohali 140 306,, IN
12 ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnolgy, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110 012, IN
13 National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, NASC Complex, Dev Prakash Shastri Marg, Pusa, New Delhi 110 012, IN
14 National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110 067, IN
15 Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi 110 021, IN
16 Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, IN
17 School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021, IN

Abstract

India does not have a clear stand on the release and consumption of genetically modified crops (food). The only approved crop is Bt-cotton, which has put India on the global map as a cotton exporting country. Even so, Bt-brinjal is under moratorium and GM mustard is prevented from undergoing commercial trial. All these decisions are not based on sound scientific principles. Activism against has successfully prevented exploitation of a powerful technology that can contribute to India’s food and nutrition security. This article attempts to give a balanced perspective of genetic modification technology as one of the serious options to be considered on case to case basis. Ambivalence will seriously affect India’s food security in the future.

Keywords

Bt-Cotton, Food Security, Gene Editing, Genetically Modified Crops, Mustard.

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