Informatics Publishing Limited

Sunita Devi ¹, Munna Devi ², Devender ²

Affiliations
1 Department of ECE, MITM, Jevra, Hissar, Haryana, IN
2 Department of ECE MITM, Jevra, Hissar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Tremendous improvement has been made possible in wireless technology due to success of OFDM system which is a multi carrier modulation technique with capability to support high data rates. Despite its many advantages OFDM has failed against inter symbol interference (ISI), high sensitivity to Inter carrier interference (ICI), high peak to average power ratio (PAPR), phase noise and band limited channel . Hence the performance of an OFDM system is highly affected by the aforementioned undesired phenomenon. For this reason bandlimited system often employs pulse shaping techniques. In this paper pulse shaping of multi c arrier signal is introduced by using various pulse shapes like Rectangular pulse (REC), Raised cosine pulse (RC), Better than raised cosine pulse (BTRC), Sinc power pulse (SP) and Improved sinc power pulse (ISP). The impulse responses and frequency spectrums have been evaluated and compared with system without using pulse shaping. Results obtained by simulation for OFDM system using pulse shaping and without using pulse shaping indicate that the performance of OFDM system with various pulse shapes is better than without using pulse shaping. Along with it can also be observed that among pulse shaping ISP exhibits better performance. Computer simulation has been done by using MATLAB 7.0 software.

Keywords

OFDM, ISI, ICI, Rectangular Pulse (RFC), Raised Cosine Pulse (RC), Better than Raised Cosine Pulse (BTRC), Sine Power Pulse (SP) And Improved Sine Power Pulse (ISP).

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Anju ¹, Munna Devi ¹, Rajesh Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electrical Communication Engineering, Manav Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jevra, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

A robot is usually an electro-mechanical machine that is guided by computer and electronic programming. Many robots have been built for manufacturing purpose and can be found in factories around the world. Designing of the latest inverted ROBOT which can be controlling using an APP for android mobile. We are developing the remote button in the android app by which we can control the robot motion with them. And in which we use Bluetooth communication to interface controller and android. Controller can be interfaced to the Bluetooth module though UART protocol. According to commands received from android the robot motion can be controlled.

Keywords

Bluetooth, Robot/ROBO, 8051 Microcontroller.

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Ravinder Kumar ¹, Munna Devi ², Rajesh Kumar ²

Affiliations
1 DeparmentofECE, Manav Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jevra, Hisar, Haryana, IN
2 Deparment of ECE, Manav Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jevra, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

RGB is called the additive model in which each color appear as the combination of primary colors; red, green and blue. The RGB color model is additive in the sense that the three light beams are added together, and their light spectra add, wavelength for wavelength, to make the final color's spectrum. To generate any color within the RGB color cube, all three RGB components need to be of equal pixel depth and display resolution. Also, any modification of the image requires modification of all three planes. Black color is the resultant of zero intensity for each component and full intensity for each component gives white. When the intensities for all the components are the same, the result is a shade of gray, darker or lighter depending on the intensity. When the intensities are different, the result is a colorized hue, more or less saturated depending on the difference of the strongest and weakest of the intensities of the primary colors employed. The present paper review the process of color reduction in RGBs based Bacteria Foraging Optimization.

Keywords

Bacteria Foraging Optimization, Rgb Color Model.

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Asheesh Pal Singh ¹, Munna Devi ¹, Rajesh Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of ECE, Manav Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jevra, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is an emerging multi-carrier modulation scheme, which has been adopted for several wireless standards such as IEEE 802.11a and HiperLAN2. OFDM systems exhibit a sensitivity to phase noise higher than single carrier modulations due to its long symbol period. Because carriers are kept very close to each other, OFDM is very sensitive to distortion that may remove the orthogonality between carriers. Phase noise can cause several types of signal degradation that are usually very difficult to quantify analytically.

Keywords

Inter-Carrier Interference, OFDM System.

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Ravinder Kumar ¹, Munna Devi ¹, Rajesh Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of ECE, Manav Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jevra, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Color quantization is a process of reducing the number of colors in an image to a limited number of representative colors while keeping the perceived difference between an original image and its quantized image as low as possible. It is a key task in visual information processing. A digital image is usually described by a set of pixels. A true-type color image consists of more than 16 million different colors. It is easier to understand and process an image with a low number of colors. So it is needed for color quantization in transmission, compression, presentation, segmentation or retrieval of visual information. The present paper overview the process of color image quantization.

Keywords

Color Image Quantization.

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Ramandeep ¹, Rajesh Kumar ¹, Munna Devi ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of ECE, MITM, Jevra, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

The channel estimation techniques for OFDM systems based on pilot arrangement are investigated. The channel estimation based on comb type pilot arrangement is studied through different algorithms for both estimating channel at pilot frequencies and interpolating the channel. The estimation of channel at pilot frequencies is based on LS and LMS while the channel interpolation is linear interpolation, second order interpolation, low-pass interpolation, spline cubic interpolation, and time domain interpolation. Time-domain interpolation is obtained by passing to time domain through IDFT, zero padding and going back to frequency domain through DFT. In addition, the channel estimation based on block type pilot arrangement is performed by sending pilots at every sub-channel and using this estimation for a specific number of following symbols. We have also implemented decision feedback equalizer for all sub-channels followed by periodic block-type pilots. We have compared the performances of all schemes by measuring bit error rate with 16QAM, QPSK, DQPSK and BPSK as modulation schemes, and multipath rayleigh fading and AR based fading channels as channel models.

Keywords

Channel Estimation Techniques, OFDM Systems.

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Atul ¹, Munna Devi ¹, Sachin ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of ECE, MITM, Jevra, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Ocular biometric has created vital progress over past decade among the all biometric trains. The white region of eye is sclera, which is exposed. The sclera is roofed by the thin clear wet layer referred as conjunctiva. Conjunctiva and episclera contains the blood vessels. Our aim is to segment the sclera patterns from the eye footage. This paper focuses on the detection of ocular region from the eye image, enhancement of blood vessels and feature extraction. The features extracted from ocular regions are used for biometric recognition.

Keywords

Biometrics, Ocular Pattern, Sclera and Conjunctival Vasculature.

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Suman Gill ¹, Munna Devi ¹, Rajesh Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manav Institute of Technology and Management, Jevra, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

As power is always a critical issue in digital integrated circuits. For minimization of this power various methods using dynamic threshold voltage MOSFET for ultra-low power applications [1]. Chandel has done comparative analysis for 1 and 2 bit binary operand adder circuits [4]. Again, chandel has implemented low power technique in CMOS based flip-flop circuit [8]. In the various leakage power components is modelled and analysed [9]. And same model is utilized in various circuits for estimation of various parameters. Gate diffusion input technique has been used for designing various arithmetic circuits [13, 14]. An overview on low power design technique is detailed and leakage control transistor technique and multi-threshold technique implementation is detailed [16]. Optimum power concept is introduced is used in various digital circuits [15]. A new circuit technique is proposed in this research work MTCMOS using bulk bias. In order to maintain performance and a large enough gate overdrive, it is necessary to scale threshold voltages. By scaling the supply voltage and the threshold voltage, the increase in subthreshold leakage power is small as compared to the quadratic reduction in the dynamic power supply.

Keywords

CMOS Digital Integrated Circuits, MTCMOS.

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Ramandeep ¹, Rajesh Kumar ¹, Munna Devi ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of ECE, MITM, Jevra, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

The future wireless mobile communication systems will be required to support high-speed transmission rate. Direct sequence code-division multiple access (DS-CDMA) and multicarrier (MC- CDMA) are two important CDMA schemes for high rate wireless communication. Multi-carrier code division multiple access (MCCDMA) has been considered as a strong candidate for next generation wireless communication system due to its excellent performance in multi-path fading channel and simple receiver structure. However, like all the multi-carrier transmission technologies such as OFDM, the inter-carrier interference (ICI) produced by the frequency offset between the transmitter and receiver local oscillators or by Doppler shift due to high mobility causes significant BER (bit error rate) performance degradation in MC-CDMA system. Many ICI cancellation methods such as windowing and frequency domain coding have been proposed in the literature to cancel ICI and improve the BER performance for multi-carrier transmission technologies. In this paper, my main objective is to evaluate the Inter channel Interference which include the Signal to Interference Ratio (SIR) and Inter Carrier Interference (ICI) in a MC DS CDMA wireless system.

Keywords

DSCDMA, MC-CDMA, ICI,OFDM, BER.

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