Informatics Publishing Limited

Fawad Hussain ¹, Muhammad Tahir ², Saleem Abdullah ², Nazia Sadiq ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Mathematics, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology, PK
2 Department of Mathematics, Hazara University Mansehra, PK

Abstract

The study of a seminear-ring was started in 1967. Seminear-ring is the generalization of semiring and nearing. It is known that in a semiring the quotient structure is constructed by congruence relations through c-ideals and homomorphisms. We apply the said congruence relations to a seminear-ring and get quotient structure of a seminear-ring. The aim of this paper is to discuss quotient seminear-rings in two different ways. We study congruence relations, homomorphisms and ideals. We show that each homomorphism and c-ideal define a congruence relation on seminear-rings. At the end, we discuss quotient seminear-rings.

Keywords

C-Ideals, Congruence Relation, Homomorphism, Seminear-Ring, Quotient Seminear-Ring.

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Muhammad Tahir ¹, Noor Mohammad ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Mining Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology, Peshawar, PK

Abstract

The deformation modulus of rock mass can either be measured using in-situ field tests or estimated empirically. However, the empirical method is an attractive and open choice for researchers to estimate the deformation modulus of rock mass economically, efficiently and accurately and many researchers have proposed empirical equations for estimation the deformation modulus of rock mass based rock mass classification systems. In this paper attempt has been made to collect and review some these published empirical equations developed so far based on Rock Mass Rating, Geological Strength Index, and Q rock mass classification systems. These empirical equations based on each classification system are grouped on the based on similar parameters. All the equations within certain group for all groups were plotted to obtain a viable range for which the equation is assumed to be reliable. An artificial data is generated for each group separately to from valid data points of existing equations. Keeping in view the trend of data points in the scatter plot of individual group, Gaussian and Sigmoidal type mathematical functions are fitted to obtain generalized equation for each group that consisted two or more than two valid equations. The new equations fitted to the data are optimized by minimizing residuals using Microsoft Excel built in Add-in “Solver”. It is observed that equations using sigmoidal function predict more precisely than equations using Gaussian function.

Keywords

Deformation Modulus, Rockmass, Estimation Methods, Empirical, Gaussian, Sigmoidal.

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Muhammad Aamir ¹, Xiang Hong ¹, Atif Ali Wagan ¹, Muhammad Tahir ¹

Affiliations
1 School of Software Engineering, Chongqing University, CN

Abstract

Cloud computing is a revolutionary modern computing platform in the field of information technology. It has promptly became famous and considered the emerging field of recent times due to i ts potential for better utilization of computer resources like flexible IT architecture, scalability, availability, fault tolerance, computational power, computational platforms, storage and applications and to cut down costs of operations and supports. Nevertheless the security is the biggest threat to its consumers and more research needs to be done to deal with this security breach. In this paper, the better understanding of cloud computing and their security is discussed. And I investigated the major cloud computing security challenges, examined their compromised attributes and delivers the most threaten attribute to cloud computing.

Keywords

Cloud Computing, Security Challenges, Attributes, SLR.

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Zain ul Abidin Jaffri ¹, Muhammad Tahir ², Sundas Rauf ³

Affiliations
1 School of Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, CN
2 School of Software Engineering, Chongqing University, CN
3 School of Economics and Business Administration, Chongqing University, CN

Abstract

In this paper, we investigates the effects of two different modulation schemes for image transmission using an OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) transceiver. The main aim is to evaluate the performance between 16PSK (Phase Shift Keying) and 16QAM (Quadrature amplitude modulation) in context of BER (Bit Error Rate) in AWGN (Additive White Gaussian Noise) channel. We evaluate the performance of these modulation schemes using MATLAB simulations. The results show that QAM is a better modulation scheme than PSK for the image transfer using OFDM transceiver. The data modulated by PSK modulation technique gets more affected by the channel effects and more number of errors occur, as compared to QAM.

Keywords

Phase Shift Keying, Quadrature Amplitude Modulation, Frequency Division Multiplexing, Bit Error Rate.

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Mahmood Ashraf ¹, Rabia Shakir ¹, Mohammad Abrar ², Muhammad Tahir ³, Thabit Sabbah ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Computer Science, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Islamabad, PK
2 Department of Computer Science, Bache Khan University, Charade, KPK, PK
3 University of Jeddah, SA
4 Al-Quads Open University, Ramallah, PS

Abstract

Objectives: To develop the physicality and usability guidelines to reduce the interaction complexities and the cognitive burden on the users. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The study is conducted on the kitchen appliances. Three case studies were conducted on different kitchen appliances. Forty to fifty participants were selected from different age group, qualification, and cities. The data were collected from the participant on the bases of pretest and posttest questionnaire and direct observation method. The study was divided into two phases i.e. formulation of guidelines and comparative analysis. The study I and study II were used for guideline formulation and study III provided a comparative analysis. The qualitative research paradigms were employed for data analysis. Findings: Based on the data analysis, the new guidelines were proposed and evaluated in terms of physicality principles and usability components. Subsequently, t-test was used to validate, evaluate, and compare the results against ISO and IEC. This research has showed that the proposed physicality and usability guidelines are helpful in overcoming interaction complexities, reducing cognitive burden, and saving time. Application/Improvements: The data analysis showed that the proposed guidelines will improve the user experience by 94% and 85% in the physicality and usability of the kitchen appliances, respectively. The proposed guidelines can be employed in improving the design of these appliances to overcome interaction complexities.

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Muhammad Tahir ¹, Ridwan Amiruddin ², Sukri Palutturi ³, Fridawaty Rivai ⁴, Lalu Muhammad Saleh ⁵, B. Owildan Wisudawan ⁶

Affiliations
1 Doctoral Students of Public Health Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia, Stikes Muhammadiyah Sidrap, Sidrap, ID
2 Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health Hasanuddin University, Makassar, ID
3 Department of Health Policy and Administrative, Faculty of Public Health Hasanuddin University, Makassar, ID
4 Department of Hospital Management and Administration, Faculty of Public Health Hasanuddin University, Makassar, ID
5 Departement of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health Hasanuddin University, Makassar, ID
6 Faculty of Public Health Hasanuddin University, Makassar, ID

Abstract

Introduction: Community health centers as primary health care centers are required to be able to provide quality assurance services to the community. The current problems of the Community Health Centre are the low quality of services, the lack of standardized infrastructure, and the low number of quality human resources, and high constant of patients’ complaints. The aim of this study is to evaluate the quality of health services at community health centers. Material and Method: The research method is an observational study by taking data in 13 provinces in Indonesia for 3 years (2016‑2018). A total of 45 randomly selected community health centers were evaluated for 3 days per health community center using an accreditation instrument that had been prepared and established by the Indonesian Ministry of Health consisting of 9 chapters, 42 standards, 168 criteria, and 776 assessment elements. Finding and Discussion: The results showed that there were 2.2% of the community health centers which are not accredited, while the other 97.8% are accredited. The basic accreditation status was 45.5%. The status of intermediate accreditation was 40.9%. The main accreditation status was 13.6%. There was no plenary status of accreditation. Conclusion: The conclusion of the study was that there are more community health centers with basic accreditation status so management supervision, human resources, facilities and infrastructure, and innovation of the community health center still needs to be improved.

Keywords

Accreditation Status, Community Health Center, Service quality

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