Informatics Publishing Limited

Mitul Thakur ¹, Mritunjay Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Physiotherapy Department, Sai Institute of Paramedical and Allied Sciences, Dehradun, H.N.B Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal, Uttrakhand, IN

Abstract

Background

Headache related to cervical spine is often misdiagnosed and treated inadequately because of confusing and varying terminology and is usually mistaken as other primary headache such as Tension Type Headache and Migraine. The diagnosis of Cervicogenic Headache is done by physical examination and by fulfilling the diagnostic criteria laid down by International Headache Society in 1990.

Objective

To estimate the prevalence of Cervicogenic Headache in general population of age group 18-30 years.

Study Design

The nature of design in this study was Survey design.

Setting of Study

The study was conducted at outpatient department of Sai Institute of Paramedical and Allied Health Science, Dehradun, capital of Uttrakhand, India.

Methods

A detailed questionnaire was provided to 981 subjects (mostly students) of different collages in Dehradun. A group of 69 subjects were identified who fulfilled the inclusion criteria of study.5 subjects dropped out. So 64 subjects were eventually interviewed and examined with respect to International Headache Society criteria for Cervicogenic Headache (the radiological criterion was omitted on ethical ground).

Result

Out of 64 patients examined 10 fulfilled the International Headache Society diagnostic criteria for Cervicogenic Headache equivalent to a prevalence of 15.6% in population with frequent headache and 1.70% in general population. Interpretation and Conclusion Cervicogenic Headache appears to be relatively common form of headache in prevalence in individuals of age group 18- 30 years.

Keywords

Cervicogenic Headache, Cervical Headache, Headache, Occipital Headache

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Mritunjay Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 XLRI, Jamshedpur, IN

Abstract

Through this article effort has been made to identify key regulatory tasks and objectives of RBI as regulator of key financial markets. The Increase in systemic risk due to greater integrity of the Indian market with the global market and with emergence of new markets and instruments have made the task of regulator most difficult as it has to constantly keep up pace with the changing marketplace and prescribe new regulatory safeguards for all market participants. The effort is to make unregulated or poorly regulated markets & instruments under better regulation. However, there are border problem between regulators over the domain of the financial markets & institutions. The paper tries to discuss the policy dilemmas and option to tackle emerging challenges, need to revisit the regulatory framework to make it more effective. It also discusses Pro-cyclicality as a special case of systemic risk and the need to move from Basel-II to Basel-III to ensure adequate bank liquidity during the credit crunch situations. This will however affect the regulatory capital the banks need to keep towards capital charge of its risky asset and the provision of additional capital buffer in the form of contra-cyclical capital will be anything but easy in implementation due to significant technical work required in understanding of business cycles. Finally, areas of further research have been identified in the paper.

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Sujata Singh ¹, Shanker K. Singh ¹, Mritunjay Kumar ², Kalpana Chandra ³, Rashmi Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Departments of Pharmacology, Shri Ram Murti Smarak Institute of Medical Sciences, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243 202, IN
2 Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar - 243 122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, IN
3 Departments of Pathology, Shri Ram Murti Smarak Institute of Medical Sciences, Bareilly - 243 202, IN

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the ameliorative potential of quercetin (QC) against paracetamol (PCM)- induced oxidative stress and biochemical alterations in mice blood. A total of 36 mice were randomly allocated into six groups, six mice in each. Group I served as healthy controls, while groups II and III were administered with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and QC alone respectively. Group IV was administered with PCM alone. Groups V and VI were administered with PCM on day 0 followed by NAC and QC, respectively, for 6 consecutive days. On day 7^th blood samples were obtained and subjected for the assays of oxidative stress and serum biochemical panels. Erythrocytic lipid peroxides contents of alone PCM-intoxicated mice were significantly higher, while reduced glutathione contents were found to be significantly lower in comparison with the healthy controls. The activities of antioxidant enzymes were also found to be singnificantly lower in these mice. Additionally, significantly increased activities of serum aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase, as well as levels of bilirubin, urea and creatinine were revealed by these mice. Postadministration with QC remarkably alleviated the over production of MDA and improved GSH levels in PCM-intoxicated mice blood. In addition, antioxidant enzymes; glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were also improved significantly in these mice. QC had also considerably ameliorated the altered biochemical parameters toward normalcy. Thus, it can be concluded that QC may constitute a remedy against PCM-induced oxidative stress and reno-hepatic injuries.

Keywords

Antioxidant, lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, paracetamol, quercetin

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