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Mohanan P. V. ¹, Lizzy Mol ¹

Affiliations
1 Toxicology Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Poojapura, Thiruvanathapuram 695 012, Kerala, IN

Abstract

The ORMO-48 is a new indigenous material for dental applications, developed by the Dental Products Laboratory of our Institute. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the genotoxic effect of an indigenously developed dental material in Swiss albino mice. The genotoxic effect was evaluated by micronucleus and chromosomal aberration tests. Two grams of dental material was extracted in 10.0 ml of physiological saline at 70 °C for 24 h. The extract was cooled to room temperature and was used for the experiment. The experimental designed had three groups each (six mice in each group) for micronucleus and chromosomal aberration tests. The first, second, and third groups were given a single exposure of physiological saline alone (control), dental material’s extract (test), and cyclophosphamide (positive control) respectively for micronucleus and chromosomal aberration tests. The result of the study indicated that, the percentage of micronucleated PCE (polychromatic erythrocytes) and NCE (normochromatic erythrocytes) induced by the dental material (extract) treated group was well comparable with control group, whereas the positive control induced significantly high (P < 0.001) micronucleated PCE when compared to control. The PCE and NCE ratio of the dental material extract treated group was similar to that of control group. The chromosomal anomalies such as chromatid/chromosomal breaks, centric rings, exchanges, dicentric, and acentric fragments were evaluated. The result showed that the anomalies of the dental material extract treated group were similar to control group, however, significant anomalies were observed in the cyclophosphamide treated group. Hence, the present study concluded that the indigenously developed biocompatible dental material, ORMO-48 is non genotoxic at our laboratory conditions.

Keywords

Chromosomal aberrations, dental material, genotoxicity, micronuclei

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Reeja Rajab ¹, Mohankumar C. ¹, Murugan K. ², Harish M. ¹, Mohanan P. V. ³

Affiliations
1 Bioscience Division, SCMS Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology Research and Development, Management House, South Kalamassery, Cochin 33, Kerala, IN
2 Plant Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University College, Thiruvananthapuram 34, Kerala, IN
3 Toxicology Division, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute For Medical Science & Technology, Biomedical Wing, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 12, Kerala, IN

Abstract

The present study was undertaken to purify the stevioside from leaves of Stevia rebaudiana and to determine its toxicity effects. The accumulation of stevioside was found in all parts of the Stevia plant that is from ischolar_main to flowers with the highest content in mature leaves. A protocol has been standardized for the production of white stevioside powder from dried mature leaves of Stevia rebaudiana using water as solvent in the extraction and filtration procedures. The pigments and phenols in the crude extract were removed at the first step of processing. The depigmented extract was bleached and refined by celite treatment at the second level. The purity at each step was checked by HPLC using purified stevioside as standard. The end solution was spray dried into fine white stevioside powder. The final yield was estimated as 11.6%, which is equivalent to international standard. The protocol was found reliable and economical for the commercial production of stevioside as a natural sweetener. The method was filed for Indian patent no: 01436/CHE/2007. As a zero calorie natural sweetener with more potential application in the treatment of Type II diabetes, toxicological analysis of the product was done for revealing the acute oral toxicity and cytotoxicity of the product. In the oral toxicity test none of the animals showed any abnormal behaviour and all the organs were found physiologically normal at a higher dosage of 2000mg stevioside/kg bodyweight on feed trials suggesting the non-toxic nature of stevioside in rats. The in vitro cytotoxicity test has revealed the non cytotoxic property of stevioside at a concentration of 1.25g/L.

Keywords

Nontoxic, Stevia rebaudiana, purification, stevioside powder, toxicity test

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Sumithra G. ¹, Mohanan P. V. ¹

Affiliations
1 Toxicology Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Poojapura, Thiruvananthapuram 695 012, Kerala, IN

Abstract

In this study, an effort was made to evaluate the quantity of water extractable protein, endotoxin level and percentage haemolysis from four different brands of commercially available surgical latex gloves. The estimation of protein, endotoxin content and percentage haemolysis was carried out as per International standard. The result of the study indicated that the protein, endotoxin and percentage haemolysis were under acceptable limit. Hence, it can be concluded that the protein content of all the four brands of surgical latex gloves can be considered as pyrogen free and non hemolytic, hence safe.

Keywords

Blood compatibility, endotoxin, hypersensitivity, immunogenic, latex gloves, water extactable protein

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