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Patel, Mitul
- Enhancement of Bioavailability of Diazepam IP by Using Different Surfactants
Authors
1 Maratha Mandal's College of Pharmacy, Belgaum (Karnataka), IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and Technology, Vol 3, No 6 (2011), Pagination: 281-284Abstract
Surface active agents are most widely used in Pharma industry and are having multiple roles due to its versatile nature. In the present study, Drug surfactant delivery systems (DSDS) are prepared of the diazepam. Four different surfactants are used for preparing drug surfactant delivery systems at the two different concentrations of each, brij -30 (0.01%, 0.05%), Cetomacragol-1000 (0.01%, 0.05%), Ethoxylated cardanol-C25 (0.01%, 0.05%) and Ethoxylated cardanol-C30 (0.01%, 0.05%).Tablets are prepared with these DSDS. Evaluation tests of the tablets were done like hardness, weight variation, friability, content uniformity, disintegration test, dissolution test and stability studies. Evaluation tests showed that the formulations having drug along with Ethoxylated cardanol-C25 and Ethoxylated cardanol-C30, were found to be the best formulations with more than 90% release data due to higher hydrophilicity and good surface tension lowering ability of the surfactants.Keywords
Drug Surfactant Delivery System, Diazepam, Surfactant.- Enhancement of Solubility of Trimethoprim IP by Using Different Surfactants
Authors
1 Maratha Mandal's College of Pharmacy, Belgaum (Karnataka), IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and Technology, Vol 4, No 1 (2012), Pagination: 48-51Abstract
Surface active agents are most widely used in Pharma industry and are having multiple roles due to its versatile nature. In the present study, Drug surfactant delivery systems (DSDS) are prepared of the trimethoprim. Four different surfactants are used for preparing drug surfactant delivery systems at the two different concentrations of each, Brij -30 (0.01%, 0.05%), Cetomacragol-1000 (0.01%, 0.05%), Ethoxylated cardanol-C25 (0.01%, 0.05%) and Ethoxylated cardanol-C30 (0.01%, 0.05%).Tablets are prepared with these DSDS. Evaluation tests of the tablets were done like hardness, weight variation, friability, content uniformity, disintegration test, dissolution test and stability studies.
Evaluation tests showed that the formulations having drug along with Ethoxylated cardanol-C25 and Ethoxylated cardanol-C30, were found to be the best formulations with more than 99%-100% release data due to higher hydrophilicity and good surface tension lowering ability of the surfactants.
Keywords
Drug Surfactant Delivery System, Trimethoprim, Surfactant.- Manufacturing and Assembly of ITER Cryostat - Welding Challenges and Experiences
Authors
1 ITER-India, Institute For Plasma Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, IN
2 ITER Organization, Route de Vinon-sur-Verdon, St Paul Lez Durance Cedex, FR
3 Larsen & Toubro Limited, Heavy Engineering, Hazira Manufacturing Complex, Gujarat, IN
Source
Indian Welding Journal, Vol 54, No 4 (2021), Pagination: 50-56Abstract
The ITER Cryostat-the largest austenitic stainless steel vessel provides ultra-cool environment for the ITER Vacuum vessel and the Superconducting Magnets. It weighs ∼3500 t and measures up to ∼29 meters in diameter and ∼29 meters in height. Material of Construction is dual marked SS 304/304L and thickness varies from 25 mm to 200 mm.
The Design, manufacturing and inspection of the cryostat is as per ASME Section VIII Division 2 with supplementary requirement of ITER. Due to large number of penetrations and transportation limitation at Site calls for the segmentation which results in number of subassemblies. Massive amount of welding deposition is required to join these subassemblies to fabricate the segment.
ITER Specification for Cryostat demands stringent dimensional tolerance requirement (0.3% out of roundness) as compare to ASME. Other challenges are higher thickness weld joints in all position, space constraints, welding accessibility and stringent ITER vacuum requirements. Austenitic Stainless steel is prone to distortion due to low thermal conductivity and high coefficient of thermal expansion. This paper covers improvements done in the traditional welding process SAW, FCAW and to achieve dimension requirements and results are discussed. This paper also covers application NG Hot wire TIG for Site weld joints.
n order to simulate the job conditions, mockup of 40° segment on base section and 60#176; segment for lower cylinder segment was performed for Welding & NDE feasibility, Welding sequence establishment for dimensional achievement. This paper also highlights the Learnings acquired from the mockups and implementation during manufacturing.
Keywords
ITER Cryostat, Dimensional Control, High Thickness, SAW, Hot Wire TIG.References
- Bhardwaj A (2016); Overview and status of ITER Cryostat manufacturing, Fusion Eng. Des.
- ASME, Section VIII Div. 2.
- ITER Vacuum Handbook and Its Appedices.
- Prajapati R (2016); Validation and implementation of sandwich structure bottom plate torib weld joint in the base section of ITER Cryostat, Fusing Eng. Des., pp. 109-111.
- RCC (2007); MR Edition.
- ASME Section IX.