Informatics Publishing Limited

Mohamad Qulam Zaki Bin Mohamad Rasidi ¹, Mahesh Ramakrishnan ²

Affiliations
1 Under Graduate Student, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IN
2 Reader, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IN

Abstract

Background: A thorough knowledge of ischolar_main canal system, anatomy and variation in morphological plays an important role in all scopes of endodontic treatment. The practitioner should have a great understanding of the detailed morphological anatomy of ischolar_main canal system in order to utilize the proper technique and method during the endodontic treatment especially in mandibular second molar.

Aim: To evaluate ischolar_main canal morphology of mandibular second molars using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) in Chennai Population based on Vertucci’s classification.

Materials and Method: The CBCT scans of patient age between 20 years to 40 years were retrieved from Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Saveetha Dental College, Chennai, India from September 2018 to January 2019. The teeth were observed for the ischolar_main canals system using Vertucci classification, and other parameters. The comparison between males and female were made.

Results: Generally the parameter values are more in females when compared to males and the most prevalence ischolar_main canal configuration are Type 4, followed by Type 2 in mesial and distal ischolar_mains for both gender.

Conclusion: The study indicates the significant values to certain extendand can serve as aids to utilize the proper technique and method during the endodontic treatment especially in permanent mandibular second molar.

Keywords

Root Canal, Morphology, Second Mandibular Molar, CBCT, Chennai Population.

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Nor Masitah Mohamed Shukri ¹, Mahesh Ramakrishnan ²

Affiliations
1 Undergraduate Student, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Technical Sciences, Chennai, IN
2 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Technical Sciences, Chennai, IN

Abstract

Background: A clear understanding and thorough knowledge of anatomy of human teeth is the utmost of importance to all dental procedures especially in endodontic and orthodontics treatment. This includes the study of ischolar_main canal anatomy and its variations according to the race and gender.

Aim: The scope of the research was to determine the ischolar_main and canal morphology of the maxillary canine in Indian population by analyzing cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.

Material and Method: Forty-six CBCT images consisting of 20 males and 26 females were examined in this study and a total of 88 maxillary canines were analyzed. The ischolar_main anatomy of each tooth was evaluated for the following parameters: the ischolar_main canal patterns, the shape of the access cavity, the mesiodistal width of the crown and the distance from occlusal pit to the pulp chamber. The data was analyzed and compared and p-value of the data was considered 0.05 statistically.

Result: It can be concluded that a higher prevalence of maxillary canines have Type I ischolar_main canal pattern in both gender. The most common shape of access cavity in male subjects was oval. Round access cavity was the most frequently observed in female subjects. Maxillary canine in male population also had greater mesiodistal crown diameter than female population.

Conclusion: The present study reported the normal anatomy and variations of maxillary canines in Indian population. The incidence of ischolar_main canal morphology differed with gender.

Keywords

CBCT, Maxillary Canine, Root Canal Morphology, Vertucci’s Classification.

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M. I. Radhika ¹, M. S. Thenmozhi ², Mahesh Ramakrishnan ³

Affiliations
1 Graduate Student, Department of Human Anatomy, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IN
2 Professor and Head, Department of Human Anatomy, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IN
3 Reader, Department of Pedodontics, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IN

Abstract

Background: Foramen spinosum is an important opening on the infratemporal surface of the greater wing of sphenoid bone and lies posterior to the foramen ovale. It transmits the middle menengial vessels and nervous spinosum. It can be identified both from the interior and exterior of the skull base.

Aim: To Understand the anatomy and Morphometry of the foramen spinosum in different skulls of South Indian population and to determine the exact range of measurement, the variations, asymmetry and inequality of size seen in foramen spinosum.

Materials and Method: Thirty dry skulls were examined for the foramen spinosum in the middle cranial fossa and at the extra cranial view at the skull base. The type of foramen spinosum will be classified according to its shape. The data were recorded and tabulated.

Results: The mean length of foramen spinosum was 2.534 ± 0.610 mm and the mean width was 2.36 ± 0.57 mm. Conclusion: The study showed variations in the size and shape and irregularity affecting the margins of the foramen spinosum.

Keywords

Foramen Spinosum, Middle Cranial Fossa, Middle Menengial Artery.

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Sarah Banu ¹, Mahesh Ramakrishnan ²

Affiliations
1 Under-Graduate Student, Department of Pedodontics, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IN
2 Reader, Department of Pedodontics, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IN

Abstract

Mouth ulcer is a very common and painful condition, which is categorized as aphthous stomatitis. It is most commonly seen in early childhood and adolescence. These ulcers are small round with circumscribed margins with yellow floor. They are pearl coloured flakes in the mouth or inside the lips. These are oral mucosal lesions and these ulcers are commonly called as Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS). There are also different types of ulcers like minor ulcers which are not very large in size and heal within 7-14 days, major ulcers heal slowly which can extend up to weeks or months and the third one is herpetiform ulcer which is multiple pinpoint ulcers that heal within a month. Some reason for the occurrence of ulcers could be stress, trauma, stopping smoking, menstruation and food allergy. Sometimes it could also be due to deficiency of iron, vitamin B12. In children aphthae occurs also due to periodic or high fever, pharyngitis and cervical adenitis.

Keywords

Aphthous Ulcer, Minor Ulcer, Major Ulcer, Herpetiform.

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S. Kayalvali ¹, Mahesh Ramakrishnan ²

Affiliations
1 Undergraduate Student, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IN
2 Reader, Department of Pedodontics, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IN

Abstract

Background: Cataracts are the most common cause of vision loss in people over age 40 and is the principal cause of blindness in the world. A cataract is a clouding of the lens in the eye leading to a decrease in vision. Clumps of protein in lens clouds the lens and reduces the sharpness of the image reaching the retina, It can affect one or both eyes. Often it develops slowly. Most cataracts are related to aging. Knowledge regarding cataract can help in early diagnosis and can prevent further complications like blindness.

Aim: A questionnaire based study to know the awareness of cataract among female patients visiting Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals from 40-50 age group.

Materials and Method: Questionnaire regarding the knowledge regarding cataract was distributed to the female patients aged 40-50yrs who agreed to participate in the study. The results were tabulated.

Results: The overall knowledge and awareness of cataract among female patients is poor. The study found poor understanding of the definition, risk factors, signs, symptoms, and treatment of cataract.

Conclusion: The study identified lacunae in awareness of cataract among female patients. The basic knowledge in early identification and treatment of cataract can prevent most of the complications.

Keywords

Awareness, Cataract, Blindness, Females.

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Sara Banu ¹, Mahesh Ramakrishnan ²

Affiliations
1 Graduate Student, Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IN
2 Reader, Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IN

Abstract

Drugs taken during pregnancy can have positive as well as negative effects on the developing embryo. Many drugs are prescribed by the doctor for the benefits of the foetus like the multivitamin supplements which reduce the risks of cardiovascular defects; oral clefts and urinary tract defects in their infants.Some drugs can also have many complicated effects on the foetus. Mother suffering from diseases and the medications taken for the treatment of such diseases during pregnancy will lead to abnormal changes in the baby. Anticonvulsant drugs have been known to be one of the most commonly used drugs which is unavoidable and hence the harmful effect of the drug on the foetus. The drugs which are known to cause harmful effects on the foetus are phenobarbital, phenytoin, carbamazepine, tetracycline, thalidomide, warfarin. The complications of the drugs do not only depend on the type of drug taken but also on the the dosage, gestation time, number of times the drug taken and various other factors.This review addresses some of the routinely used drugs on their teratogenic effects.

Keywords

Teratogenic Drugs, Embroyo, Foetus.

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Sara Banu ¹, Mahesh Ramakrishnan ²

Affiliations
1 Graduate Student, Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IN
2 Reader, Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IN

Abstract

Drugs taken during pregnancy can have positive as well as negative effects on the developing embryo. Many drugs are prescribed by the doctor for the benefits of the foetus like the multivitamin supplements which reduce the risks of cardiovascular defects; oral clefts and urinary tract defects in their infants.Some drugs can also have many complicated effects on the foetus. Mother suffering from diseases and the medications taken for the treatment of such diseases during pregnancy will lead to abnormal changes in the baby. Anticonvulsant drugs have been known to be one of the most commonly used drugs which is unavoidable and hence the harmful effect of the drug on the foetus. The drugs which are known to cause harmful effects on the foetus are phenobarbital, phenytoin, carbamazepine, tetracycline, thalidomide, warfarin. The complications of the drugs do not only depend on the type of drug taken but also on the the dosage, gestation time, number of times the drug taken and various other factors.This review addresses some of the routinely used drugs on their teratogenic effects.

Keywords

Teratogenic Drugs, Embroyo, Foetus.

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C. S. Vane Swetah ¹, Mahesh Ramakrishnan ²

Affiliations
1 Under-Graduate Student, Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IN
2 Reader, Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IN

Abstract

Aim: To understand the levels of anxiety among children for various dental procedures using MCDAS.

Materials and Method: The study was conducted in Saveetha dental college, Chennai with 100 outpatient children who reported to the clinics. They were given a questionnaire to fill with the help of Modified Child Anxiety Scale-Faces Version. The results were then tabulated and calculated.

Results: The results showed that children are more anxious about getting injections or having their tooth extracted. On the other end of the spectrum, they appear more composed when the dentist merely cleans their teeth. The results show a decrease in anxiety levels with age.

Conclusion: The MCDAS is a reliable parameter to measure the anxiety levels in children. The study also showed increased levels of fear during invasive procedures such as extraction and getting injections.

Keywords

Dental Anxiety, MCDAS, Children, Phobia.

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