Informatics Publishing Limited

M. Nivedha ¹, S. Sukanya ¹, S. Arunmozhi ²

Affiliations
1 Pondicherry University, Puducherry, IN
2 Pondicherry University, IN

Abstract

Cooperative relaying is one of the potential technique which exploits progress in better signalling and spatial diversity. A novel relay approach, the Nth Best-Relay Selection scheme is projected to recover the bandwidth scarcity and to enhance the spatial diversity in cooperative systems. A single branch dual-hop network with Decode-and-forward (DF) and Amplify-and-forward (AF) cooperative diversity systems is considered. The projected Nth Best-Relay selection scheme performance over single branch dual-hop system were analyzed using the closed-form expression of  BER (Bit error rate) and Outage probability using binary and quadrature phase shift keying modulation schemes (BPSK & QPSK) with decode-and-forward (DF) and amplify-and-forward (AF) cooperative diversity systems over Rayleigh fading channel . Simulation outputs illustrates the diversity order of the Nth best relay is equal to (M−N +2) where M is the total number of relays.

Keywords

Relay, NthBest-Relay Selection Scheme, Single Branch Dual-Hop Network, AF Scheme, DF Scheme.

Full Text

     

M. Nivedha ¹, S. Priyanka ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Information Technology, Velammal ITechnology, Panchetti, Chennai-601204, IN
2 Department of Information Technology, Velammal I-Technology, Panchetti, Chennai-601204, IN

Abstract

This paper proposes a method for detecting frontal pedestrian crossings from image data obtained with a single camera as a travel aid for the visually challenged. This would be embedded on a pair of glasses, will be capable to detect the existence and location of a zebra crossing, to measure the wide of the road, and to detect the color of the traffic lights. The process of detecting a cross road is a done before followed by the process for detecting the state of the traffic lights (colors). It is important for the visually challenged (blind) to know whether or not a frontal area is meant for crossing. The existence of a cross road is detected in two steps. In the first step, edge of road is detected and pattern is detected are employed to identify the crossroad. In the second step, the existence of a crossroad is detected by checking the periodicity of white lines on the road using projective invariants technique. Then the traffic light detector is used to check the pedestrian light and the time in the display panel. The calculated time is then compared with the average time needed for a blind person to cross. The observations are conveyed through voice signals using the voice- vision technology. Thus, this effective technology aids vocational training for the visually impaired throughout the globe.

Keywords

Traffic Detection, Crossroad Pattern, Sobel Gradient, Edge Detection, Timing Unit.

Full Text