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Krishnaiah, M.
- Air Quality Monitoring at Residential Areas in and around Tirupati- a Well-known Pilgrimage Site in India
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PDF Views:124
Authors
K. Vanadeep
1,
M. Krishnaiah
1
Affiliations
1 Department of Physics, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh-517502, IN
1 Department of Physics, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh-517502, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 4, No 11 (2011), Pagination: 1517-1531Abstract
Tirupati is the abode of Lord Venkateswara, the richest shrine in the world that is situated in Andhra Pradesh,India. An estimated average of 1,40,000 vehicles and about 1.5 million devotees flow every month for darshan. The principal objective of this study is to shed some light on the concentration of air pollutants to which people in the residential areas with different surroundings are exposed. This was carried out from January 2009 to December 2010. Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM), Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter (PM10), Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) and Carbon monoxide (CO) were estimated. SPM and RSPM (PM10) violated the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). CO almost touched the threshold NAAQS limit. SO2 and NOX were within the recommended limits. Peak values were observed during March-May and also during winter from December-February. The concentrations of SPM in summer exceeded the concentrations in monsoon and winter by 24% each, signifying the influence of local factors on pollutant concentrations, besides the impact of meteorological parameters. The summer values of PM10 exceeded the monsoon values by 40% and winter values by 45%. SO2 exhibited summer values that were 35% greater than the monsoon and 18% greater than the winter values. The values of NOx during the two summers were observed to be 31% more than those recorded in the monsoon and 14% more than the respective values in winter. CO exhibited predominant summer values that outweighed the monsoonal values by 45% and the winter values by 39%. Air quality parameters exhibited considerable relation to meteorological parameters as well as to local and anthropogenic factors. Overall, the above pollutants were found to be significantly correlated to each other. This study will help the concerned authorities to plan for better environs not only for those residents but also the pilgrims.Keywords
Air Pollution, Carbon Monoxide, Sulphur Dioxide, Emission, Oxides of Nitrogen, Tirupati, Meteorological DependenceFull Text
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- Meteorological Predictions Preserved in the Panchangam Versus Real-time Observations - a Case Study over Tirupati Region - a Semi-arid Tropical Site in India
Abstract Views :759 |
PDF Views:221
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Physics, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, IN
2 Rashtriya Sanskrita Vidya Peetha, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, IN
1 Department of Physics, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, IN
2 Rashtriya Sanskrita Vidya Peetha, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 5, No 4 (2012), Pagination: 2491-2509Abstract
Panchangam is the traditional Hindu Almanac that has been in practice for 5,000 years. Invaluable meteorological predictions are enshrined in it. They are generalized over a region, based on astrological phenomena like planet-star conjunctions, transits, etc. Five components of Panchangam, namely Tithi, Vaaram, Nakshatram,Yogam and Karanam, along with other terms, have been explained. Astrological conditions favouring scanty and copious rainfall have been enlisted. General climatic summary of Panchangam months during the period of study (1992-2004) has been furnished. Panchangam year starts from Chaitram(April) and ends with Phaalgunam (March). Popular 'Pidaparthi Panchangam' was used for this study. To estimate rainfall quantity, an ancient unit 'Aadhakam' was employed, which is equivalent to 1.6 cm of rain gauge. Maximum rainfall on any day of the year, mean annual rainfall, average South-West and North-East monsoon rainfall, mean monsoonal rainfall, rainfall based on planetary reign, dominant cloud type and resultant rainfall nature, direction of cloud origin and wind velocity over Tirupati region, which is a semi-arid tropical site situated in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India, were compared with Panchangam predictions, using data provided by India Meteorological Department (IMD). Correlation of individual observations with Panchangam predictions, ranged from 9.7% to 94.4%. Overall, during study period, success rate of Panchangam predictions set against modern observations was about 57%.Keywords
Panchangam, Nakshatram, Conjunction, Planetary Reign, Meteorological PredictionFull Text
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- Atmospheric Science Encrypted into the Epic Raamaayana - a Novel Perspective
Abstract Views :442 |
PDF Views:93
Authors
K. Vandeep
1,
M. Krishnaiah
1
Affiliations
1 Department of Physics, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh-517502, IN
1 Department of Physics, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh-517502, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 5, No 10 (2012), Pagination: 3526-3537Abstract
Ancient Indian Sciences are embedded in Vedas, Puraanas, Epics and Classics. It has been formulated as interesting and dramatic narratives for laymen, while for intellectuals, it is encrypted science. Scientific concepts occur as scattered intermittent episodes during the course of the main storyline of ancient Indian texts. A brief background of atmospheric science during the Vedic period has been provided at the outset. This prompted the post - Vedic scholars like Aarya Bhatta, Varaaha Mihira and others to compile and compose treatises like the Aarya Bhattiyam, Brihat Samhita, etc, that were dedicated to Sciences exclusively. Among all the ancient Indian texts and scriptures, the Raamaayana of Sage Vaalmeeki, the first classic and epic (AadiKaavyam) of the world, commands a unique status of its own in terms of its poetic, aesthetic, linguistic and narrative prowess. In addition to this, it enshrines many sciences mystically. Among all the sciences, atmospheric science or meteorology has a unique relation with Raamaayana. Hence, the principal aim of the present article is to decode and decipher some of the valuable meteorological principles suggested in this epic, by relating them to modern atmospheric science. The various characters in the epic like Raama, Lakshmana, Seetha, Hanumaan, Raavana and others, have been shown to possess a striking relationship with entities of nature, especially atmosphere.Various incidents and episodes in Raamaayana signify several phenomena that occur in the atmosphere, which have been explained in detail in the present article. This would provide significant insights into the depths of Ancient Indian Science, especially meteorology, right from the times of antiquity.Keywords
Atmospheric Science, Raamaayana, Ancient Indian ScienceFull Text
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- Meticulous and Meritorious Meteorology Enshrined in the Brihat Samhita - a Comparative Case Study over Four Indian Regions Situated in Diverse Climatic Zones
Abstract Views :437 |
PDF Views:110
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Physics, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India-517502, IN
2 Rashtriya Sanskrita Vidya Peetha, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India- 517502, IN
1 Department of Physics, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India-517502, IN
2 Rashtriya Sanskrita Vidya Peetha, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India- 517502, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Innovations and Developments, Vol 1, No 4 (2012), Pagination: 229-290Abstract
The Brihat Samhita is the magnum opus of Varaaha Mihira, comprising about 4000 verses (slokams). Among these, 27 predictions were chosen for the present study, which were sub-divided into Movement of Venus, Raahu's course, Predictions based on planetary conjunctions, Prediction for the Sun's entry into Aardra star, Predictions based on the directions of clouds and winds and Predictions based on lunar conjunctions. These predictions were compared with the on-site real-time recorded values of meteorological parameters like rainfall, wind velocity, wind direction, cloud direction, etc. over four Indian regions, viz. Tirupati, Ajmer, Shillong and Port Blair, situated in diverse climatic zones of the country. The period of study was from 1992- 1993 to 2002 - 2003, using the data provided by the India Meteorological Department (IMD). Despite being compiled and formulated about 1500 years prior to contemporary times, these predictions maintained a healthy success rate in significant number of instances. During some episodes, they were spot - on with the forecast as the actual measured parameters reflected the same trend. Tirupati and Ajmer were found to comply more with the predictions than Shillong and Port Blair, though in some cases, the latter two exhibited a relatively better association compared with the former duo. Overall, the rate of correspondence was above 50%. Many a time, it was around 55% - 57%, barring a few cases where there was complete or almost complete correlation with the documented data, where correlation stretched from as high as 80% to 100%. Furthermore, intensive investigation - oriented studies need to be initiated in this direction, while the government and other scientific establishments need to encourage the students and researchers by providing appropriate incentives and facilitating Research&Development on this front.Keywords
Brihat Samhita, Varaaha Mihira, Lunar Mansion, Asterism, Nakshatram, Conjunction, Aadhaka, Drona, Kartari/kaarti, Raahu, Vaayu Dhaaranas, Climatic ZonesFull Text
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