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Soheil Aghaei ¹, N. Bahador ², M. Baserisalehi ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Microbiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fars, IR
2 Department of Microbiology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, IR
3 Department of Microbiology, Kazeroun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, IR

Abstract

The genus Rhodococcus is a Gram positive and non motile bacterium with different capability. Nowadays scientists are using the organism for the production of their antimetabolite products. Therefore, in the present study, the genus was isolated from the soil of different parts around the manganese mine in Qom city, Iran. The isolates were characterized using biochemical and antimicrobial test. Antimicrobial properties were evaluated using pathogenic bacteria, including: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC8739), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC14028), Shigella dysenteriae (PTCC 1188), Klebsiella pneumophila (ATCC 700603), Candida albicans (ATCC 10231), Bacillus subtilis (PTCC1715), Bacillus cereus (PTCC 1015), Listeria monocytogenes (PTCC1295), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC51299), Rhodococcus erythropolis (PTCC1767), Corynebacterium glutamicum (PTCC 1532). Furthermore, antibacterial compounds from culture supernatant were extracted using different solvents and the extracts were analysed using GC-MS. The results indicated that 9 of the isolates correctly belonged to the genus Rhodococcus. In addition, the results exhibited potential antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Escherichia coli (ATCC8739), with average zone inhibition of 8 and 25 mm respectively, but it had no effect on the other organisms. On the other hand the chromatogram showed nine special peaks and the identified compounds were: cyclopenthasiloxane, azulene, 2,7 octadiene, docosane, cyclohexasiloxane, bis (3,5,5 trimethyhexyl, tetraedacane-2 methyl, cycloheptasiloxane and heptadecanol. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolated strain from soil around manganese mine in Qom city, Iran formed a distinct subclade within the genus Rhodococcus with R. rhodochrous.

Keywords

Rhodococcus rhodochrous, Antimicrobial Metabolites, GC-MS Analysis, Phylogenetic Analysis.

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H. Modaresi ¹, N. Bahador ¹, M. Baserisalehi ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Microbiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fars, IR
2 Department of Microbiology, Kazeroun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazeroun, IR

Abstract

The aim of this study was to isolate and phenotypical identification of microorganisms involving in biodeterioration of four historical places in Isfahan, Iran. For this purpose two hundred and ten samples were taken from the stones of Chehel Sotoun, Hasht Behesht, Alighapou and Imam mosque. For bacterial isolation blood agar and modified Bristol medium were used and for screening of fungal isolates potato dextrose agar was used. Then the samples were serially diluted and poured on the selected media. For bacterial isolates the plates were incubated at 30°C for 48 hrs and for fungal isolation the plates were kept at room temperature for 4 weeks. The pure colonies were identified using phenotypical and molecular identification. Fungi were characterized using macroscopic characteristics and microscopic arrangements. The results obtained from this study indicated that the dominant isolated bacteria were Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus thuringiensis and Halomonas sp. In addition the results showed that the fungal isolates belonged to Genus: Alternaria, Cladosporium, Penicillium, Absidia and Shaccharomyces. Furthermore, the most polluted area was Chehel Sotoun which is located in the traffic part of the city. Overall, stone materials of cultural heritage are constantly exposed to biodegradation by microorganisms and presence of organisms including algae, fungi and bacteria are likely to affect or even cause physico-chemical changes.

Keywords

Biodeterioration, Historical Places, Isfahan, Molecular Technique.

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S. Azimi ¹, M. Baserisalehi ¹, N. Bahador ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun Branch, Kazerun, IR
2 Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Fars Science Research Branch, IR

Abstract

The bacterial pigments are secondary metabolites that help the producer to survive in different environments. The bacterial pigments have shown different properties such as antitumor, anticancer and antimicrobial effects. The present study was conducted to isolate soil origin Actinomycetes and to evaluate their antimicrobial pigments. In total, eighty seven soil samples were collected from different areas in Kazeroun city, Iran. The samples were serially diluted (10^-1-1 to 10^-7) and 0.1 mL of each dilution was streaked on SCA and ISP2 media and incubated at 30C^° for 5 days. Then pigmented Actinomycetes were selected and subjected for propagation and pigment extraction using different solvents. To continue the experiments, the antimicrobial property of each pigment was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella dysentriae, Citrobacter ferundii, Klebsiella peumoniae, Serratia marcecens, Aspergillus sp. and Candida albicans. Furthermore, identification of the promising strain was verified by 16srDNA gene sequencing method and finally different groups in the pigment structure were determined by TLC and reagent spray tests. The results obtained indicated that out of all the isolated Actinomycetes strains, Streptomyces coeruleorubidus could produce pigment with antimicrobial property. Of all the microorganisms tested Staphylococcus aureus was more sensitive and Aspergillus sp., Candida albicans and E. coli were more resistant. Our finding concerning to structure of the pigment illustrated existence of alcohols, phenols and steroid groups in the pigment. Overall, soil origin Actinomycetes could produce pigments with antimicrobial property. Therefore, Actinomycetes pigments must be considered a special remedy for investigation in order to eliminate occurrence of antibiotic resistant microorganisms.

Keywords

Antimicrobial Pigment, Actinomycetes, Streptomyces, Coeruleorubidus.

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S. Seyed Gholizadeh ¹, M. Baserisalehi ², N. Bahador ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Microbiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fars, IR
2 Department of Microbiology, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, IR

Abstract

The purpose of this study was the evaluation of soil origin Brevibacillus for production of bioactive compounds. Nowadays bioactive compounds are considered the sources of new remedy in order to eliminate antibioticresistant bacteria. To perform the study, two strains of Brevibacillus with potent activity for production of bioactive compounds were isolated from 121 soil samples. Phenotypic and 16SrRNA sequencing identification of the isolates recognized them as Brevibacillus reuszeri (B12 bioactive compound producer) and Brevibacillus formosus (B22 bioactive compound producer). The bioactive compounds produced by the bacteria were partially purified and characterized based on their antimicrobial activities at various pHs and temperatures and proteinase K. Then, activity of the bioactive compounds was assessed against different pathogenic microorganisms. The results obtained indicated that activity of the compounds when treated with proteinase K was inhibited. The optimum pH for both the isolates was 7 and potent activity of the bioactive compound B12 was observed at 35°C while for B22 was at 40°C. Although, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcua aureus, E. coli and Salmonella typhi were sensitive, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and fungi (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger) were resistant to the both bioactive compounds. Therefore, Brevibacillus with potent activity for production of antimicrobial metabolites, and fast growth character may be considered as a good probiotic agent for commercial industries.

Keywords

Brevibacillus spp., 16SrRNA Sequencing, Antimicrobial Effect, Bioactive Compounds Probiotics.

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S. Zahmati ¹, N. Bahador ¹, M. Baserisalehi ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Microbiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fars, IR
2 Department of Microbiology, Kazeroun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazeroun, IR

Abstract

Nowadays, drug, pulping, textile and other industries are developed in most of the countries and their non save sewages makes many problems for environment. One of the most important dangerous sewage is pigmented sewage, which has complex structures such as azo compounds. In Iran one of the main sources of pigmented sewage is textile manufacturing. Hence, in order to remove colour of this sewage, the present study was conducted to evaluate potential of some bacteria for dye decolourising. To perform this investigation 30 samples from soil and 10 from sewage were collected. All bacteria with potential of decolorization were isolated and identified using biochemical tests. Out of seven different isolated bacteria three were Gram positive and four were Gram negative. Optimization of decolorization for all bacteria was carried out in second step with respect to evaluation of bacterial activity at different temperatures (25-45°C), pHs (5-9) and dye concentrations (0.01-0.04g/L). The results obtained indicated that the best temperature for all bacteria tested was 35°C, pH 8.0, and dye concentration 0.02 g/L. Therefore, decolorization of pigmented sewage for elimination of dangerous compounds could be possible using bacteria.

Keywords

Biological Decolorization, Microbial Isolates, Textile Sewage, Azo Compounds.

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M. Baserisalehi ¹, N. Bahador ²

Affiliations
1 Islamic Azad University, Kazeroun Branch, Kazeroun, IR
2 Islamic Azad University, Fars Science and Research Branch, Shiraz, IR

Abstract

The chemotactic behaviour of Campylobacter strains was determined in presence of different amino acids at two different temperatures of 37°C and 42°C. Two strains of Campylobacter, catalase positive (Campylobacter jejuni) and catalase negative (Campylobacter sputorum) were isolated from river water in Tonekabon, Iran and identified by phenotyping and 16srRNA gene sequencing methods. Chemotactic responses of the isolates were assessed towards a variety of amino acids viz., L-cystine, L-asparagine, L-histidine, L-aspartic acid, L-serine, L-phenylalanine, L-leucine and L-tryptophan by disc and capillary methods at two temperatures 37°C and 42°C. Campylobacter jejuni showed positive chemotactic response towards L-cystine, L-tryptophan, L-phenylalanine, L-leucine, L-asparagine and L-serine at both, 37°C and 42°C, however, it was greater at 37°C. Campylobacter sputorum showed negative or weak response towards all the amino acids. In addition, Campylobacter jejuni illustrated strong chemotactic response to L-asparagine followed by L-serine, and weak chemotaxis response to L-phenylalanine and L-cysteine at 37°C. Overall, Campylobacter jejuni showed relatively strong chemotactic response to some amino acids and its stimulation was greater at 37°C. Hence, the human body temperature (37°C) in comparison to avian body temperature (42°C) probably promotes chemotactic response of Campylobacter jejuni, which might be a reason for causing diseases in human beings compared to avian species.

Keywords

Chemotaxis, Campylobacter spp., Amino Acids, 16srRNA Gene Sequencing.

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M. Ghane ¹, N. Bahador ¹, M. Baserisalehi ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Fars Science and Research Branch, IR
2 Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Kazeroun Branch, Kazeroun, IR

Abstract

The major purpose of this study was isolation, identification and characterization of Campylobacter spp. from environmental samples viz., domestic animals (cow, sheep, horses), poultry, sewage and river water in north Iran. Campylobacter spp. were isolated using pret-KB method and then identified by phenotyping tests. Finally, the identification of strain was verified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. In general, 64 strains of campylobacters were isolated from all the sources. Out of all isolates 48 strains were catalase positive and 16 strains were catalase negative. The highest isolation rate of Campylobacter spp. was recorded from river water (36.92%) followed by poultry (34.88%), cow (28.57%), horses (20%) and sheep (9%), while lowest isolation rate was recorded from sewage (7.4%). Overall, according to these data Campylobacter spp. exist with high frequency in north Iran. In addition, this bacterium was isolated from all sources (river water, sewage, domestic animals and poultry). Hence, based on foregoing evidence environments in north of Iran are vehicles of Campylobacter spp. and, therefore, the people who live in this area must respect to the personal hygiene in order to avoid from Campylobacter infection.

Keywords

Campylobacter, Environmental Samples, North Iran, 16S rRNA Gene, Sequencing.

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M. Baserisalehi ¹, N. Bahador ², B. P. Kapadnis ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Kazerom Branch, Kazerom, IR
2 Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Fars Science Research Branch, Fars, IR
3 Department of Microbiology, Pune University, Pune-411007, Maharashtra, IN

Abstract

Antimicrobial susceptibility of thermophilic Campylobacter spp., isolated from environmental samples, to heavy metals and detergents was evaluated in the present study. The antimicrobial susceptibility of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. viz., Camp. jejuni, Camp. coli and Camp. lari against heavy metals and detergents in term of minimal inhibitory concentration was assessed by E- test. The result obtained indicated that most of the heavy metals and detergents have an antimicrobial effect on the thermophilic Campylobacter spp. isolates, but minimal inhibitory concentrations of them were not similar. In general, the most Campylobacter strains were resistant to high concentration of molybdenum and the detergent Tween 80, while were sensitive to cadmium and cetrimide at less concentration. To interpret, it could be noted that flow of industrial sewage including different heavy metals and detergents into the environment reduces the population of thermophilic Campylobacter. Therefore, type of samples and sampling sites affect the isolation rate of thermophilic Campylobacter from environment.

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