Informatics Publishing Limited

M. S. Lokesh ¹, S. V. Patil ², S. B. Gurumurthy ², M. G. Palakshappa ³, M. Anandaraj ⁴

Affiliations
1 AICRP on Spices, Horticulture Research Station (U.H.S.) Sirsi, UTTARA Kannada Karnataka, IN
2 College of Horticulture (U.H.S.) Sirsi, UTTARA Kannada karnataka, IN
3 AICRP on Sesame and Niger, University of Agricutural Sciences, Dharwad karanataka, IN
4 Indian Institute of Spices Research, Calicut Kerela, IN

Abstract

Phytophthora foot rot (Phytophthora capsici) of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) is most devastating disease in Uttara Kannada district of Karnataka which is situated in Central Western Ghats. The antagonistic organisms viz., Trichoderma viride, T. harzianum, Laetiseria arvalis, and Bacillus subtilis were tested against P.capsici in pot culture by adding infected material to healthy vine. Among the four bioagents tried, Trichoderam viride and T. harzianum were effective in reducing the incidence of the disease as compared to Laetiseria arvalis, and Bacillus subtilis. The disease incidence was maximum in untreated vines.

Keywords

Black Pepper, Trichoderma Viride, T. Harzianum, Laetiseria Arvalis, Bacillus Subtilis, Foot Rot

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M. S. Lokesh ¹, S. V. Patil ², S. B. Gurumurthy ³, M. G. Palakshappa ⁴, M. Anandaraj ⁵

Affiliations
1 AICRP on Spices, Horticulture Research Station (U.H.S.) Sirsi, Uttara kannada Karnataka, IN
2 College of Horticulture (U.H.S.) Sirsi, Uttara kannada Karnataka
3 College of Horticulture (U.H.S.) Sirsi, Uttara kannada Karnataka, IN
4 AICRP on Sesame and Niger, University of Agricutural Sciences, Dharwad Karnataka, IN
5 Indian Institute of Spices Research, Calicut Kerala

Abstract

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe.) an important spice crop is seriously damaged during monsoon by soft rot causing organism, Pythium aphanidermatum (Edson.) Fliz. in Uttara Kannada district of Karnataka. Application of Pseudomonas fluorescens (@ 1 per cent at 108 cfu) as seed treatment and three sprays at 15 days interval from 30 days after planting showed reduced incidence of soft rot disease and improved the vigour and yield of the crop.

Keywords

Ginger Soft Rot, Pseudomonas Fluorescens, Trichoderma Harzianum, Bordeaux Mixture, Copper Oxychloride

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R. Dinesh ¹, V. Srinivasan ¹, S. Hamza ¹, M. Anandaraj ¹

Affiliations
1 Indian Institute of Spices Research (ICAR), P.O. Box 1701, Marikunnu P.O., Calicut 673 012, IN

Abstract

No Abstract.

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R. Dinesh ¹, N. K. Leela ¹, T. John Zachariah ¹, M. Anandaraj ¹

Affiliations
1 Indian Institute of Spices Research (ICAR), P.O. Box 1701, Marikunnu PO, Calicut 673 012, IN

Abstract

In the world and Indian market, the cinnamon available is not the true cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum), but its avatar, viz. the fake cinnamon (C. cassia). The latter contains coumarin, which at high doses, has been found to cause hepatotoxicity, carcinogenesis and liver/lung tumours in rodents. However, such ill effects in humans due to coumarin are rare and only associated with high doses. A toxicological reevaluation of coumarin aimed to derive scientifically founded maximum limits is imperative.

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M. C. Sibi ¹, M. Anandaraj ¹, S. J. Eapen ¹, S. Devasahayam ¹

Affiliations
1 Indian Institute of Spices Research, P.B. No. 1701, Marikunnu Post, Calicut - 673012, Kerala, IN

Abstract

Trichoderma harzianum is used as a biocontrol agent to manage Phytophthora foot rot of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) in India. Several organic materials such as sorghum, neem cake, decomposed coir pith and farmyard manure are used both as multiplication and carrier media for T. harzianum. The effect of these carrier media on the population build up of T. harzianum in black pepper rhizosphere and their effect on microflora and fauna was studied. The organic materials increased the population of introduced T. harzianum and also increased populations of fungi, bacteria, microarthropods and nematodes. In case of sorghum, there was a sudden spurt in the population of saprophytic nematodes and mycophagous mites within 15 days followed by a succession of predatory mites and nematodes. The unspent carbohydrate and mycelial form of T.harzianum in sorghum perhaps helped in the population build up of soil microarthropods and nematodes, which in turn affect the biocontrol efficiency of the introduced organism.

Keywords

Biocontrol, Black Pepper Rhizosphere, Carrier Media, Mycophagous mites, Mycophagous nematodes, Trichoderma harzianum.

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Diby Paul ¹, P. J. Jisha ², Y. R. Sarma ², M. Anandaraj ²

Affiliations
1 Microbiology Group, M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, Taramani Institutional Area, CPT Campus, Chennai, 600113, IN
2 Indian Institute of Spices Research (ICAR), Marikkunnu P. O., Calicut, Kerala, 673 012, IN

Abstract

Six strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens, which had been found efficient in ischolar_main-rot suppression in black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) caused by Phytophthora capsici were tested for their ability in rejuvenating Phytophthora infected black pepper cuttings. Among the treatments, which had only bacterial application, IISR-6 ensured survival of 67% of the infected cuttings where as only 22% of the untreated plants survived 3 months after treatment, The combined application of IISR-51, IISR-6+IISR-13 and I1SR-51+IISR-11 with Metalaxyl-Mancozeb resulted in 100% survival of the infected plants, showing an additive effect. Experiments conducted for ischolar_main-proliferation activity of the P. fluorescens showed that the bacterial strains helped increase the ischolar_main biomass of the plants (30-135%). All the strains increased the ischolar_main length and ischolar_main area in the treated plants (12-127%, 43-200%, respectively). Strains were also found to produce plant growth hormones, viz. IAA&GA.

Keywords

Black Pepper, Root-Rot, Phytophthora capsici, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Rejuvenation, Root Proliferation.

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P. Umadevi ¹, Vivek Srivastav ², M. Anandaraj ², Johnson K. George ¹, Santhosh J. Eapen ²

Affiliations
1 Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode 673 012, IN
2 Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode 673 012, IN

Abstract

The Piperpep database is a compilation of peptide data from mass spectrometry analysis of a medicinally important export oriented crop - black pepper, developed by the fact that any mass spectrometry derived data would be an excellent source for genome annotation in future. This database has 1001 peptides, including 36 antimicrobial peptides annotated from the leaf of black pepper. The user friendly browsing and search tools would help the researcher with crop improvement in black pepper and also in other crops via peptide or protein data. The information on antimicrobial peptides in this database is expected to cater towards development of new drugs for agricultural and medicinal uses.

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M. Anandaraj ¹

Affiliations
1 48A ‘Madhoovan’ 2nd Main, Railway Men Layout, Thanisandra, Bengaluru 560 077, IN

Abstract

The Indian agricultural scenario has witnessed a sea change in production and productivity over the past decades – from a mere 522 kg/ha of food grains that include cereals and pulses in 1950–51 to over 2040 kg/ha during 2015–16 (www.indiaagristat.com). Similarly, the horticulture sector has also made a tremendous and impressive progress, and horticultural production during 2018–19 is expected to be an all-time high of 314.67 million tonnes from 25.87 million hectares. The major challenge in the years to come is to sustain the production from the diminishing natural resources of land, water and nonavailability of skilled manpower.

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M. Anandaraj ¹, P. Parameswaran ², S. Krishnakumar ¹, T. Ezhilarasi ², V. Thomas Paul ², R. Thirumurugesan ², S. Chandramouli ¹, V. Ramakrishnan ¹, G. Padmakumar ¹, Shaju K. Albert ², B. K. Nashine ¹, V. Prakash ¹, P. Selvaraj ¹

Affiliations
1 Fast Reactor Technology Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, India - 603 102, IN
2 Metallurgy & Materials Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, India - 603 102, IN

Abstract

One of the spark plug leak detectors employed in high temperature liquid sodium systems had failed to detect a sodium leak and systematic failure analysis was carried out to identify the ischolar_main cause of the failure. Radiography image of the leak port nozzle revealed that the extension wire which was welded with spark plug electrode had snapped. Since the failure originated from the cracks present in the weld, it was decided to standardize the welding procedure of spark plug electrode to extension wire to prevent the possibility of similar failures in future. Three different materials viz, stainless steel, nickel, inconel were chosen as extension wires as well as filler wires to optimize the welding parameters. Microstructural studies in terms of presence of defects, interface integrity between the weld and extension wire as well as that of spark plug electrode were carried out. Based on this, the final choice of welding parameters, material for extension wire and for filler wire to achieve a sound weld was proposed.

Keywords

Spark Plug Detector, Extension Wire, Failure Analysis, Metallography, Welding Procedure Qualification.

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