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Manoj Kumar ¹, M. L. Meena ¹, Sanjay Kumar ¹, Sutanu Maji ¹, Devendra Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Deartment of Applied Plant Science (Horticulture), Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow U.P., IN

Abstract

A field experiment was carried out during the winter season of (2009-2010) to study the effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on the growth, yield and quality of tomato var. Azad T-6 at the Horticultural Research Farm of the Department of Applied Plant Science (Horticulture), Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow. Three types of fertilizers (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) in different combinations were tested in a Randomized Block Design with three replications. Tomato plants were fertilized with different rates of chemical fertilizers i.e. two doses of nitrogen fertilizers N1 and N2 (120 and 180 kg/ha), single dose of phosphorus P1 (80 kg/ha) and potassium K1 (75 kg/ha).The highest plant height, the maximum number of primary and secondary branches, number of flowers and fruits/plant as well as the greatest fruit size, fruit yield/plant and fruit yield/ha were obtained from the application of the recommended dose of nutrients viz., 120 kg N +80 kg P +75 kg K/ha. The results revealed that significantly the highest plant height higher yield and yield attributing characters were recorded with the application of 100% NPK i.e. 180 kg N/ha along with 80 kg P/ha and 75 kg K/ha.

Keywords

Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium Fertilizers, Yield, Quality, Tomato

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Ram Kumar Yadav ¹, R. B. Ram ¹, Vikas Kumar ¹, M. L. Meena ¹, Harsh Deep Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Applied Plant Science (Horticulture), Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya-Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow-226 025, IN

Abstract

A field experiment was carried out at the Horticultural Research Farm of the Department of Applied Plant Science (Horticulture), Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University during the Rabi season of 2012–2013. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with 9 treatments, replicated thrice and one branch was taken as a unit. Observations were recorded on growth, physical and quality characters of guava. The maximum fruit set percent (67.43) and fruit drop percent (58.71) were recorded maximum with foliar application of zinc sulphate + borax 0.6% and zinc sulphate+copper sulphate + borax 0.5%. Therefore, zinc sulphate + borax 0.6 percent and zinc sulphate + copper sulphate + borax 0.5% may be recommended to guava growers for obtaining better yield and quality during winter season crop of guava cv. Allahabad Safeda under Lucknow conditions.

Keywords

Fruit Drop, Fruit Set, Guava, Impact, Micronutrients, Studies, Winter Season

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M. L. Meena ¹, Mithilesh Kumar ¹, Girish Parmar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics Engineering, University College of Engineering, Rajasthan Technical University, IN

Abstract

A modified design technique of unidirectional circular patch antenna with parabolic shape ground plane for the application of microwave links is being presented here. Firstly, T-slots are inserted diagonally at the corners of parabolic ground plane in order to increase the directivity. Thereafter, for the further improvement in the directivity as well as gain the ellipse slot in circular patch has also been introduced. The microstrip feed line is given for the proposed unidirectional antenna. The simulation analysis of the antenna is done on software CST Microwave Studio using FR-4 substrate with dielectric constant 4.3. The simulated results and parametric analysis show a good return loss with respect to -10 dB. The radiation pattern characteristic, gain characteristic, VSWR pattern and surface current distribution performance of the antenna have also been compared at different resonate frequencies.

Keywords

Parabolic Ground, Ellipse Slot, Unidirectional Antenna, Microwave Links, Microstrip Line.

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Aishwarya Dudi ¹, M. L. Meena ²

Affiliations
1 ICAR-CAZRI, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, PALI-Marwar (Rajasthan), IN
2 ICAR-CAZRI, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, PALI-Marwar (Rajasthan), IN

Abstract

Agriculture can be an important engine of growth and poverty reduction. Women’s contribution to the farming sector in respect of participation and decision making has largely been ignored. Though women performed more than four-fifth of agriculture work, their decision were accepted only less than one-third of the case. The present study was attempted to ascertain the extent of participation and decision making pattern of farm women in agricultural activities. The present study was carried out in villages of Pali district of Rajasthan by selecting 120 Farm women. The findings of the study revealed that more number of farm women found to have high level of participation in agricultural operation 53.57 per cent followed by the medium participation (33.73%) and low participation (15.20%) in agricultural operations, respectively. The study also revealed that the higher number of farm women (57.11%) were observed in low category of decision making which was followed by 27.74 per cent and 15.15 per cent, respectively in case of medium and high decision making process. Study further revealed that age, education, size of family, size of land holding, social participation, extension participation, information seeking behaviour, cosmoploteness, economic motivation, exposure to training and management orientation factors had significantly influenced the participation and decision making pattern of farm women. The study also revealed that the socio-economic factors found to influence the agriculture operation and decision making of farm women positively and significantly.

Keywords

Farmwomen, Agricultural Operations, Extent Of Participation, Decision Making.

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Neha Tanzeem Sagar ¹, M. L. Meena ¹, Pankaj Shukla ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics Engineering, Rajasthan Technical University, IN

Abstract

A compact circular ring antenna with defected ground structure (DGS) has been design for Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) applications. Initially, a circular patch antenna is design by introducing a rectangular DGS structure. Further, slot has been inserted in circular patch to improve the impedance bandwidth. The proposed design covers the frequency range of 2.4-10.4GHz below -10dB. Proposed antenna has design and fabricated on FR-4 substrate having 1.5mm, 4.3 thickness and dielectric constant, respectively. The performance of the designed antenna is analyzing with optimized dimensions in terms of return loss, VSWR, radiation pattern, gain characteristics, group delay and surface current distributions. Further, performance analysis of the proposed antenna has also been compared with existing suggested antennas in literature with compact in size. The fabricated antenna shows a good result with simulations software.

Keywords

Circular Ring, Defected Ground Structure, Fractional Bandwidth, Micro-Strip, Ultra-Wideband.

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M. L. Meena ¹, Aishwarya Dudi ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-CAZRI, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Palimarwar (Rajasthan), IN

Abstract

Participation in decision making process especially in economic activities is an indication of empowerment. The present study attempts to investigate the level of women economic empowerment in resource-poor farm families by analyzing their extent of participation in decision making on farm and household related economic activities. The study was conducted in six blocks Pali district of Rajasthan taking a random sample of 180 resource poor farm families. Both husband and wife of the families were personally interviewed by pretested structured interview schedule. Spearman’s rank-difference correlation was used to measure the extent of agreement between husband’s and wife’s responses. The study revealed that wives played a major role to jointly decide purchasing or hiring of land (44.44-48.33%), selling of produce (35.56-37.78%) and borrowing for agriculture (25.00-30.56%). Decisions for milking and processing of milk, utilization of dung and sale of milk and milk products were dominantly taken by wives 68.33%, 56.67% and 39.44%, respectively, where purchase and sale of animals, type and number of animals to be kept and adoption of new animal husbandry practices were mainly decided jointly 32.78-36.67%, 32.78-35.56% and 24.44-25.00 per cent, respectively. Household economic decisions on building new house, household purchasing, education of children, selection of occupation for children and financial activities were mainly taken jointly 39.44-42.78%, 33.33-36.67%, 26.31- 31.67%, 25.00-31.67% and 23.22-27.22 per cent, respectively. The findings of the study indicated higher level of women economic empowerment in animal husbandry and household sectors.

Keywords

Women Empowerment, Decision Making, Resource-Poor Farm Family, Spearman’s Rank-Difference Correlation.

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Aishwarya Dudi ¹, M. L. Meena ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-CAZRI, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Pali-Marwar (Rajasthan), IN

Abstract

Women play a vital role in advancing agricultural development, food security and nutritional outcomes. They participate in all aspects of rural life, including paid employment, trade and marketing, as well as raising crops and animals, collecting water and wood for fuel and caring for family members. But women face multiple constraints in many of the activities they pursue that limit their productivity. Relative to men, women tend to own less land, have limited ability to hire labour and have impeded access to credit, extension and other training services. They started to work in almost all fields like men and are equal to men. Inspite of the various measures taken up by the government after independence women haven’t been fully empowered. The ground reality is deprivation and exploitation of women specially women from rural areas and those belonging to deprived sectors of the society. The study was conducted in Pali district. For this study, 160 rural women were selected and gathered information through structured interview schedule. The results of the study revealed that, majority of the women participated regularly in activities like sowing operations, weeding and intercultural operations, harvesting and post harvesting operations and animal husbandry activities. Major per cent of them participated in training demonstrations on vermiculture training and dairy training. Majority of the women perceived that losses at storage (due to storage pests attack), pests and diseases attack are the major causes for food grain losses. Empowerment of women in agriculture field is one of the major strategies for achieving food security. Hence, there is a need for empowerment of women in terms of social, cultural, economical and educational dimensions to play an important role in the overall development of the country. There is a need for empowerment of farm women to take care of food production and post harvest production losses for global food security through extension strategies.

Keywords

Adoption, Knowledge, Empowerment, Food Security, Sustainable, Vermiculture.

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M. L. Meena ¹, Deepika Meena ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics Engineering, Rajasthan Technical University, IN

Abstract

In this article, a new 4-channel dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) optical transmission system model is proposed with dispersion compensation techniques. Dispersion compensation mechanism limits the pulse broadening effects of transmitted light in optical communication systems. To overcome dispersion problem; Pre, Post and Symmetrical dispersion compensation scheme are modeled, analyzed and compared for investigate the performance of DWDM system. The proposed model is designed for 8Gbps using non-return-to-zero (NRZ), return-to-zero (RZ) and Gaussian modulation format with erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) over a length of 150km single mode fiber (SMF) and 30km dispersion compensation fiber (DCF). The performance of designed model is compared in terms of bit error rate (BER) & Q-Factor and it is observed that, the symmetrical dispersion compensation scheme with RZ pulse generator modulation gives best performance for long-haul transmission system.

Keywords

Bit Error Rate, Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing, Dispersion Compensation Fiber, Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier.

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Bhavesh Ahuja ¹, M. L. Meena ¹, R. S. Meena ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics Engineering, Rajasthan Technical University, IN

Abstract

In this paper, we proposed sixteen channel dense-wavelength-divisionmultiplexing (DWDM) optical transmission system using semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs). The SOA amplifiers overcome the attenuation effects of transmitted signal in optical communication systems. To overcome attenuation effects, pre-, post (booster) and In-line SOAs techniques are modeled, analyzed and compared for investigating the performance of DWDM system. The proposed system is designed for 10Gbps network using non-return-tozero (NRZ) modulation format with dispersion compensation fiber (DCF) of length 14kms and a single mode fiber (SMF) of length 70kms using Optisystem7.0 simulator. Performance of designed system is explored and compared in terms of eye shape (eye-diagram), Q-factor and bit error rate (BER) by varying the input power (mw) parameter of CW laser source. It is observed that the In-line SOA amplifier provides the best performance as attenuation compensator for proposed optical transmission systems.

Keywords

Bit Error Rate, Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing, Dispersion Compensation Fiber, In-Line Amplifier, Semiconductor Optical Amplifier.

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M. L. Meena ¹, Pragya Purohit ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics Engineering, Rajasthan Technical University, IN

Abstract

In this paper, a single channel optical system is proposed with dispersion compensation fiber techniques. Dispersion compensation method restricts the pulse broadening consequence of transmitted pulse in optical systems. To overcome dispersion trouble; dispersion compensation scheme modeled for investigate the performance of optical system. The proposed model is designed for 10Gbps with nonreturn- to-zero (NRZ) modulation format with erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) over a length of 15km single mode fiber (SMF) and 3km dispersion compensation fiber (DCF). The performance of designed model is analyzed in terms of output power (dBm), gain (dB), noise figure (dB), Q-factor, BER and Eye-diagrams by varying the fiber length (km), input power (dBm) and attenuation constant (dB/km). The simulation is carried out in Opti-System7.0 simulator.

Keywords

Bit Error Rate, Dispersion Compensation Fiber, Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier, Non-Return-to-Zero.

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Laxman Prasad Balai ¹, Dheeraj Singh ², M. L. Meena ²

Affiliations
1 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Dholpur (Rajasthan), IN
2 ICAR- CAZRI, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Pali (Rajasthan), IN

Abstract

The experiment was carried out to assessment of technological gap and performance of integrated diseases management (IDM) approach as a resistant variety, chemical seed dressing, soil and seed treatment as a bio-agents for antagonistic fungi on growth of cumin Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cumini pathogens under field conditions. This experiment was conducted on farmer trials (OFT) villages like Bhusi, Patelo Ki Dhani and Baldo Ki Dhani in Pali distract four year (2014 to 2017). This area is major growing cumin cultivation and here major problem face farmer every year cumin wilt disease due to reduction of yields. During this experiment disease incidence of wilt was observed to be lowest (Disease Incidences 5.00%) when resistant variety GC-4, seed dressing Carbendazim @ 2.0g/ kg with Trichoderma harzianum@ 6g/ kg seed + application of 100 kg FYM enriched with T. harzianum @ 3.0 kg/ha for soil treatment before 15 days of sowing cumin. Maximum disease incidence (24.00%) was observed when traditional farmers practice (no seed treatment). The adoption of recommended improved crop production technology and plant protection measures was poor. The OFT was effective in changing attitude, skill and knowledge of IDM approach and yield increased upto 28.64 per cent more over the traditional farmers practices. Results indicates that IDM approach increased net income by Rs. 20,593/-ha over farmers practices.

Keywords

Antagonistic, Wilt Disease, Fusarium oxysporum, Technological Interventions, Trichoderma harzianum.

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Megha Shringi ¹, Rajveer Singh ¹, M. L. Meena ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics Engineering, Rajasthan Technical University, IN

Abstract

In this paper a novel planar micro-strip antenna is presented for quad band applications. The antenna structure is composed of symmetrically step slotted (pruned) rectangular patch at the right and left edges with a U-slot etched inside the patch along with a partial ground to achieve multiband operation. The proposed antenna is simulated on an FR-4 substrate of dielectric constant of 4.3, loss tangent 0.02 and 50Ω microstrip feed line. The simulation and optimization results are carried out using CST software 2014. The antenna topology occupies an area of 23×22×1.5mm³. The antenna operates at four different resonant frequencies 2.5GHz (2.36GHz-2.70GHz), 5.1GHz (4.85GHz-5.33GHz), 9.95GHz (9.64GHz-10.31GHz) and 14.6GHz (13.83GHz-15.89GHz) which meet the requirements of the Wi-Max, WLAN, X-band and Kuband. The impedance bandwidths are 13.49%, 9.4%, 6.64% and 14.07% for the 2.5GHz, 5.1GHz, 9.95GHz and 14.6GHz bands respectively. The antenna shows good return loss, VSWR and radiation pattern characteristics in the desired frequency range.

Keywords

Quad Band, Wi-Max, WLAN, Ku-Band, VSWR.

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Kuldeep Galav ¹, M. L. Meena ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics Engineering, Rajasthan Technical University, IN

Abstract

In this topic we are going to design a compact size antenna which is used for different band using a single antenna. The term compact means the size of antenna is very less, which is 24×30mm². In this antenna designing we are using partial ground plane and is fabricated on Roger RTduroid 5880 with thickness of 0.79mm. In this antenna we have three inverted L shaped stub and a stub of combination of inverted L shape and T shape. This antenna resonates at three frequencies 2.54/3.51/4.38/5.3GHz. So the operating range of antenna covers these frequencies so main use of this antenna is in Wi-MAX (wide interoperability for microwave access) and WLAN (wireless local area network) and radio altimeter, satellite communication, cordless telephones and weather radar systems. All the parameters and details are examined in following points.

Keywords

Antenna, Roger RTduroid 5880, Wi-MAX, WLAN.

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