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K. V. Vikani , R. D. Dangar , N. S. Kapadia , M. B. Shah

Abstract

The study is aimed at development of Physico-chemical parameters and estimation of 7-hydroxy eudesmanolide, a major sesquiterpene lactone of Sphaeranthus indicus, (Family: Astraceae), commonly known as Gorakhmundi. S. indicus is a branched, hairy and strongly scented herb with spathulate, sessile leaves and pinkish purple flowers. Leaf shows both simple (uni-multicellular) and glandular (Club and clavate) type of trichomes. Stem shows a ring of deltoid vascular bundles and well-developed pith with few pitted cells. Root shows metaderm, and radially arranged fibers and secretory canal placed alternatively in cortical region. Powdered drug shows large number of various types of trichomes, pollen grains in pollen sacs and cruciferous stomata. HPTLC method was developed to quantify 7- hydroxy eudesmanolide in S. indicus using a mobile phase n-hexane: diethyl ether (3:7) and scanning the plate at 213 nm. The amount of 7-hydroxy eudesmanolide was found to be 0.0658% w/w. The present study is an effort to develop a pharmacognostic report for S. indicus.

Keywords

Astraceae, Eudesmanolide K, Gorakhmundi, HPTLC, Sphaeranthus indicus

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C. Wijayasiriwardena , M. G. Chauhan , P. P. Sharma , S. K. Lahiri , M. B. Shah

Abstract

Objectives: To investigate anti-inflammatory activity of Delonix elata (D.elata) leaf, by carrageenan induced paw edema and cotton pellet granuloma models, along with the antioxidant potential underpinning its role as traditional medicine for joint disorders. Materials and methods: Methanol extract and its, ethyl acetate soluble and insoluble daughter fractions were evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity. Rats were divided into seven groups (n=6), including control and standard. Oral doses of methanol extract (100, 200 and 300mg/kg) and its daughter fractions (300mg/kg) were given to animals after carrageenan challenge. The best performing methanol extract was forwarded for cotton-pellet induced granuloma model. The same was also subjected to antioxidant assays like DPPH free radical scavenging activity, reducing power assay and nitric oxide scavenging activity. Moreover, isolation and HPTLC quantification of a marker compound was also attended from methanol extract derived ethyl acetate fraction. Results: In comparison to control, methanol extract of D. elata leaf at 300 mg/kg showed significant reduction in area under curve of rat paw edema in the later phases of inflammation (45.83%), which was comparable to that of standard (valdecoxib, 33.525%). The extract was also effective in producing 28.125% inhibition of granuloma formation which was comparable to that of standard (23.88%). Apart from nitric oxide scavenging assay (IC₅₀ 157.08μg/ml), the activity of methanol extract in other assays were not as significant as the respective standard drugs. Of the ethyl acetate soluble and insoluble fractions evaluated, both showed marginal reduction in paw edema. From the ethyl acetate fraction, luteolin was isolated as a marker compound and quantified by HPTLC. Conclusion: Methanol extract of D. elata leaf was found to be active in the last phase of paw edema at 300 mg/kg, compared to other doses and fractions. At the same dose it was found to have potent antioxidant capacity, which may play its role in reducing inflammation. The claims regarding anti-inflammatory activity of D. elata leaf can be considered valid as explicated by its methanol extract.

Keywords

Antioxidant, Delonix Elata, Edema, Inflammatory Joint Disorders, Leaf, Luteolin

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V. N. Shah ¹, D. B. Doshi ¹, M. B. Shah ², P. A. Bhatt ²

Affiliations
1 APMC College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Himatnagar-380001, Gujarat, IN
2 L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad-380009, Gujarat, IN

Abstract

Objective: Punarnavashtak (PN) kwath a classical Ayurvedic formulation mentioned in Ayurvedic literature "Bhaishyajyaratnavali" for hepatic disorders and asthma. The present study investigated the hepatoprotective activity of PN kwath to validate the traditional use of this formulation.

Materials and methods: PN kwath was prepared in the laboratory according to the method given in Ayurvedic literature. Preliminary phytochemical screening was performed to determine the presence of phytoconstituents. Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity was evaluated against paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins and bitter principal in PN kwath. Administration of PN kwath produced significant hepatoprotective effect as demonstrated by decrease level of serum liver marker enzymes like AST, ALT, ALP, SBRN and increase protein level. It also showed antioxidant activity by increase in activity of GSH, SOD, CAT and decrease in TBARS level compare to paracetamol treated group. A comparative histopathological study of liver exhibited almost normal architecture, as compared to paracetamol treated group.

Discussion and Conclusion: It can be concluded that PN kwath protects hepatocyte from paracetamol-induced liver damages due to its antioxidant effect on hepatocytes.

Keywords

Punarnavashtak Kwath, Hepatoprotective, Antioxidant, Paracetamol.

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R. H. Gokani ¹, M. A. Rachchh ², S. K. Lahiri ³, D. D. Santani ⁴, M. B. Shah ³

Affiliations
1 “Shrikunj” 3-Archana Park, B/H Krishna Complex, University Road, Rajkot-360005, Gujarat, IN
2 Dept. of Pharmacognosy, S.J. Thakkar Pharmacy College, Rajkot, IN
3 Dept. of Pharmacognosy, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, IN
4 Dept. of Pharmacology L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, IN

Abstract

Root of Premna integrifolia known under common name Arni/Agnimantha which is an important constituent of well known formulation, Dashmularistha used for various ailments. In the present study methanolic extract of the ischolar_mains was evaluated for its in-vitro antioxidant activity using the anti radical, superoxide scavenging, anti lipid peroxidation, hydroxyl radical scavenging and nitric oxide scavenging, assays. The extract showed significant anti-oxidant activity in all the assays. The study scientifically demonstrated the use of P. integrifolia as a potential source of natural antioxidant.

Keywords

P. integrifolia, Verbanaceae, Anti-Oxidant Activity.

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U. D. Shah ¹, M. B. Shah ², A. K. Saluja ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacognosy, APMC College of Pharmaceutical Education Research, Himatnagar, IN
2 Dept. of Pharmacognosy, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, IN
3 Dept. of Pharmacognosy, A. R. College Pharmacy, Vallabh Vidyanagar, IN

Abstract

Fresh stembark of Albizzia lebbeck was studied for macro and microscopical characters. Betulinic acid was isolated and identified by M. P., co-chromatography with reference standard and IR spectral characteristics. HPTLC method was developed for quantification of betulinic acid using precoated silica gel plates as a stationary phase, Toluene: Acetone: Acetic acid (100:1:0.1) as a mobile phase and anisaldehyde sulphuric acid as a spray reagent. The bark is rough as longitudinal fissures and transverse cracks are present. TS of bark shows rhytidoma as a major portion followed by stone cell bands and secondary phloem with groups of phloem fibres, with starch and prisms of calcium oxalate being found in all the tissues. Saponins, tannins, triterpenoids and flavanoids were found be the major components of the bark. HPTLC method was developed for quantification of betulinic acid by scanning the plates at 523nm. The quality parameters and HPTLC method developed would serve as useful tools in standardization of Albizzia lebbeck.

Keywords

Albizzia lebbeck, HPTLC, Quality Parameters, Betulinic Acid.

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