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Maslachah, Lilik
- Phenotypic Approach Artemisinin Resistance in Malaria Rodent as in vivo Model
Authors
1 Department of Basic Medicine, Veterinary Pharmacy Laboratory, Airlangga University Surabaya, ID
2 Department of Pathology, Airlangga University Surabaya, ID
3 Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Airlangga University Surabaya, ID
4 Department of Veterinary Pathology, Airlangga University Surabaya, ID
Source
Veterinary World, Vol 10, No 7 (2017), Pagination: 790-797Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study is to prove the development of artemisinin resistance phenotypically in malaria rodent as an in vivo resistance development model in humans.
Materials and Methods: Plasmodium berghei was infected intraperitoneally in mice, then artemisinin was given with “4-day-test” with effective dose (ED) 99% dose for 3 days which begins 48 h after infection (D2, D3, and D4). Parasite development was followed during 5th until 10th days of infection. After parasitemia >2% of red blood cell which contains parasites on 1 mice, that mice were used as donor to be passaged on the new 5 mice. After that, parasitemia was calculated. ED50 and ED90 were examined with parasite clearance time (PCT), recrudescence time (RT), and also morphology development examination of intraerythrocytic cycle of P. berghei with transmission electron microscope.
Results: Among the control group compare with the treatment group showed significant differences at α=0.05 on 5th day (D5) until 10th day (D10). The control group of 4th passage (K4) with passage treatment group of 4th passage (P4) on the 10th days (D10) post infection showed no significant differences in the α=0.05. The average percentage of inhibition growth was decreasing which is started from 5th to 10th day post infection in P1, P2, P3, and P4. On the development of P. berghei stage, which is given repeated artemisinin and repeated passage, there was a formation of dormant and also vacuoles in Plasmodium that exposed to the drug.
Conclusion: Exposure to artemisinin with repeated passages in mice increased the value of ED50 and ED90, decreased the PCT and RT and also changes in morphology dormant and vacuole formation.
Keywords
Artemisinin, Parasite Clearance Time, Phenotypic, Plasmodium berghei , Recrudescence Time, Resistance.- Adjuvant Therapy of Syzygium Cumini Leaf and Fruit Extract Nanoparticles to Histopathological Changes of Mice Organ with Malaria
Authors
1 Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya,, ID
2 Department of Veterinary Pathology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya,, ID
3 Department of Veterinary Pathology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, ID
4 Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya,, ID
5 5Department of Husbundary, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya,, ID
6 Student Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya,, ID
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, Vol 15, No 1 (2022), Pagination: 389-394Abstract
Plasmodium infection can cause serious complications such as damage to internal organs. The purpose of this study was determining the effect of nanoparticles adjuvant therapy of Syzygium cumini leaf and fruit extract to histopathological changes of mice organ with malaria. Methods: The study used 70 Swiss Albino mice, weighing 20g-30g, 2.5 months old. The study was divided into 7 treatment groups as follows K0 : not infected, K+: infected but untreated, K1: infected and treat with chloroquine, K2: infected and treated with Syzygium cumini leaf extract, K3: infected and treated with Syzygium cumini fruit extract, P1: infected and treated with nanoparticles Syzygium cumini leaf extract, P2: infected and treated with combination of nanoparticles leaf extract of Syzygium cumini and chloroquine, P3: infected and treated with nanoparticles Syzygium cumini fruit extract, P4: infected and treated with combination of nanoparticles fruit extract of Syzygium cumini and chloroquine. The infection dose was 1x10-5 Plasmodium berghei in 0.2 ml. Treatment was done for 4 days, 24 hours after infection. Data were analyzed by Kruskal Wallis and continued with the Mann Whitney test. The results showed that the most severe organ damage was in the K+ group and the lightest was the K0 group. The P2 and P4 groups showed a decrease in organ damage which was not significantly different from the K0 group (p> 0.05). Meanwhile, K +, K1, K2, K3, P1 and P3 groups showed significant differences (p> 0.05) with K0. Conclusion: nanoparticles extract of Syzygium cumini leaf and fruit as an adjuvant therapy can reduce liver, kidney, lung and brain damage of mice infected with Plasmodium berghei.Keywords
Malarial Infection, Organ Damage, Nanoparticles, Syzygium cumini.References
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