Informatics Publishing Limited

Ram Prakash ¹, Lalit Gupta ²

Affiliations
1 JRF (UGC), Department of Management Studies, FCMS, JNVU, Jodhpur, IN
2 Department of Accounting, FCMS, JNVU, Jodhpur, IN

Abstract

Food Security Bill (FSB) is considereda boon for Indian people who live with meager income, starve and hunger. Farmersare means for Right to Food as producer of food grains, maintenance stock of food grains in granaries, for Public Distribution System (PDS). This article attempts to provide some facts regarding FSB. Indian agriculture revolves more or less on monsoon and catastrophic conditions with risk of natural hazards. Crop insurance is an avenue for the FSB to curtail risk of Indian agriculture to sustain yield. The authors depend on some research papers and other literature surveyed to the nature of Indian Agriculture, its indemnification and challenges to the FSB, further, to learn about the role and extent of the crop insurance in India. The paper aims at providing suggestions and remedies to curbs the challenges to the FSB and its better application through crop insurance.

Keywords

National Food Security, Indian Agriculture, Crop Insurance

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Bhavna Gupta ¹, Anish Gupta ², Munisha Agarwal ¹, Lalit Gupta ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, MAMC and Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, IN
2 Department of Cardiothoracic Vascular Surgery, AIIMS, New Delhi, IN

Abstract

Patients with single ventricle physiology have single chamber for pulmonary and systemic venous return that is supplied in parallel leading to cyanosis and ventricular volume overload. Palliative surgeries in the form of superior cavo-pulmonary anastomosis, also known as Bidirectional Glenn shunt (BDG) and complete cavo-pulmonary anastomosis, also known as Fontan procedure are done to divert blood from superior vena cava and inferior vena cava respectively into pulmonary circulation. As a result systemic and pulmonary blood flow run in series and forward flow is dependent on the relationship of systemic vascular resistance and pulmonary vascular resistance. Patients who have undergone Glenn shunt usually have peripheral oxygen saturation in the range of 75-85 % as a consequence of non-diversion of blood from inferior vena cava into pulmonary circulation. Fontan procedure is done in a staged manner to avoid sudden unloading of ventricle leading to failure. Anaesthesiologists encounter patients with Glenn shunt for non-cardiac surgery before they have undergone completion Fontan. A thorough understanding of Glenn and single ventricle physiology is required to deal with such patients and meticulous approach to anesthesia management is required after discussing with the surgeons and cardiologist, regarding the type of non-cardiac surgery, and to know the functional status of Glenn shunt. The present review article aims to discuss the anaesthesia concerns, and search of terms such as 'anaesthetic management', 'Glenn shunt', 'cavopulmonary anastomosis', 'Fontan procedure' was carried out in KKH eLibrary, Medline, PubMed, and Google scholar focusing on current research, randomized control trials, review articles and editorials.

Keywords

Cavopulmonary Anastomosis, Fontan Procedure, Glenn Shunt, Non-Cardiac Surgery.

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