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R. Ranju ¹, L. Bindu ², V. Jayaprakas ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, Kerala University, Karyavattom, Trivandrum-695581, IN
2 Marine Biology Regional Centre, Zoological survey of India, 130, Santhome High Road, Chennai-600028, IN

Abstract

This communication gives an account of 14 species of testate amoebae (Rhizopoda: Protozoa) and three species of ciliates, collected from the Karaparambil near Vaikom Road (Kottayam district) in the estuarine sector of the Vembanad Lake, which is an important Ramsar site covering 3 districts of Kerala, namely, Alapuzha, Kottayam and Ernakulam. This communication appears to be the first report of the freeliving protozoans from this lake.

Keywords

Protozoa, First Report, Vembanad Lake, Kerala.

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L. Bindu ¹

Affiliations
1 Zoological Survey of India, Marine Biology Regional Centre, 130, Santhome High Road, Chennai-600028, IN

Abstract

Despite the important role as bioindicators for pollution and environmental biomonitoring and especially in the food chain of wetland ecosystems, studies on the freeliving protozoan fauna from India are meager. In the present communication an analysis of freeliving protozoans species from wetlands of West Bengal mostly based on Das et al. (1993) and from Kolkata wetlands based on Bindu (2010). Nandi et al. (1993) reported 41 freeliving protozoan species from Sundarban mangrove ecosystem. In the State Fauna of West Bengal, Das et al. (1993) documented a total of 248 species of freeliving protozoans under 124 genera belonging to 2 phyla, 2 subphyla, 7 classes, 29 orders and 76 families (Table 1), while the present author recorded 23 species of ciliates from Kolkata wetlands.

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L. Bindu ¹, S. R. Nikam ²

Affiliations
1 Zoological Survey of India, M. Block, New Alipore, Kolkata-700 053, IN
2 Department of Zoology, Marathwada University, Aurangabad, IN

Abstract

A total of 82 species (56 named and 26 unnamed) of coccidian parasites belonging to two genera, viz., Eimeria and Isospora have been found to occur in Maharashtra from various hosts, such as, in fishes (2 named and 9 unnamed species), reptiles (4 named species), birds (9 named and 14 unnamed species) and mammals (41 named and 3 unnamed species). Amongst the named coccidian parasites, five species viz., Eimeria knowlesi, E. hemidactyli, E. columbae, E. debliecki and E. zuernii constitute first report from Maharashtra state, while out of 26 unnamed species more than 10 species reported herein may be new species and need further study. Highest diversity of parasitic species (44 named and unnamed species) was recorded from mammalian hosts. The highest number of these coccidian parasites belongs to the genus Eimeria (48 named and 18 unnamed species) and less than one-fifth of the total eimeriid coccidian diversity listed from the genus Isospora (8 named and 8 unnamed species). Most of these coccidian parasite species were recorded from Marathwada region of Maharashtra state. Prevalence and pathogenicity of some of these species have also been discussed.

Keywords

Coccidia, Eimeria, Isospora, Maharashtra.

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L. Bindu ¹

Affiliations
1 Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata-700 053, IN

Abstract

Importance of cryopreservation in aquaculture is a widely accepted fact. It is an important component of genetic conservation programmes for fish and is an alternative method of preserving endangered stock at low temperature. Spermatozoa may be preserved for short-term or long-term. Semen is usually preserved in extended media at lower temperatures. An ideal extender for semen should contain cryoprotective materials to minimize cellular damage during freezing and thawing by reducing the thermal shock.

Keywords

Spermatozoa, Fish, Cryopreservation, Extenders, Cryoprotectants.

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L. Bindu ¹

Affiliations
1 Marine Biology Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, 130, Santhome High Road, Chennai-600028, IN

Abstract

This communication gives an account of 13 species of testate amoebae (Rhizopoda : Protozoa) from the holy pond 'Bharatkund' in the Faizabad district of Uttar Pradesh. All the 13 species are recorded for the first time from Uttar Pradesh.

Keywords

Protozoa, Rhizopoda, Bharatkund, Uttar Pradesh.

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L. Bindu ¹

Affiliations
1 Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata-700 053, IN

Abstract

An extender-cryoprotectant system is developed for the long-term storage of the spermatozoa of a common freshwater tablefish, Labeo fimbriatus which is an annual breeder. Five extenders and three cryoprotectants were used in the present study. The cryoprotectants were used in three different percentages, viz., 5%, 7.5% and 10%. The experiment was conducted for 90 days. The spermatozoa diluted in extender-V and cryopreserved with 7.5% DMSO gave best results.

Keywords

Labeo fimbriatus, Spermatozoa, Motility, Viability.

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C. Shaji ¹, S. Suvidha ², L. Bindu ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Botany, Sree Narayana College, Kollam-691 001, Kerala
2 Department of Botany, Sree Narayana College, Kollam-691 001, Kerala, IN
3 Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata-700 053, IN

Abstract

The study was carried out in Ayroor river (Kerala) to assess the water quality for a period of six months from December, 2006 to May, 2007. Physico-chemical parameters of water and zooplankton diversity were estimated. High values of BOD (10.2-15.6 mg/l), COD (160-230 mg/l), TDS (200-1400 mg/l), free CO₂ (22-88 mg/l), nitrate (1.65-13.99 mg/l) and MPN coliform (5000/100 ml) coupled with low dissolved oxygen content (2-4.2 mg/l), low diversity index (1.170-1.563) and presence of indicator species confirm high organic pollution in the river.

Keywords

Water Quality Parameters, Zooplankton Diversity, Ayroor River.

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L. Bindu ¹

Affiliations
1 Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, KoIk.ata-700 053, IN

Abstract

Biological properties and quality of semen of the endangered fish, Osphronemtis gorami were evaluated by determining the milt volume, spermatozoa concentration, percentage viability and duration of motility. The organic (sugar, cholesterol and protein) and inorganic constituents (phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium) in the seminal plasma were analyzed. Among the three activating media used, fertilizing solution was found to be the ideal medium for sperm activation. The duration of spermatozoan motility was maximum at 8.75 x 10"' salinity and at pH 8.0. Duration of motility was longer at lower temperatures and longest at 15° C. The fresh oxygenated milt of O. gorami could be stored in eppendorff tubes at 4° C in the refrigerator for seven days. The duration of motility and percentage viability of the spermatozoa were considerably enhanced by storing semen in oxygen than storage in air Short-term preservation of undiluted oxygenated semen was found to be significantly better than storage using extenders.

Keywords

Osphronemus Gorami, Spermatozoa, Motility, Viability.

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L. Bindu ¹

Affiliations
1 Zoological Survey of India, M-Blocic, New Aiipore, Kolkata-700 053, IN

Abstract

The quality of the semen of the common table fish Pimlius sarana was evaluated by analyzing milt volume, concentration of spermatozoa, percentage viability, duration of motility and scoring of motility of spermatozoa. The fertilizing solution was found to be the most suitable medium for activation of spermatozoa. The duration of spermatozoan motility was found to be highest at pH 8, temperature 5°C and salinity 5.23 x 10^-3. The duration of motility and percentage viability of the spermatozoa were considerably enhanced by storing semen in oxygen than storage in air In short-term preservation at 4°C the undiluted oxygenated milt showed better results than the milt stored in extenders.

Keywords

Puntius Sarana, Spermatozoa, Motility, Viability.

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L. Bindu ¹, Joby K. Jose ²

Affiliations
1 Zoological Survey of India, M Block, New Alipore, Kolkata, IN
2 School of Applied Life Sciences, Pathanamthitta, Kerala, IN

Abstract

The effect of a commercial feed with three other laboratory formulated diets on the growth of M. rosenbergii was compared. Kffererit feeds were prepared by replacement of animal protein in each diet, such as, clam meat (F₁), prawn waste (F₂) and fish meal (F₃). Three other common ingredients in the prepared feed were elodea powder, groundnut oil cake and rice bran. The prawn waste based feed (F₂) was found to be the best feed for the effective growth of M. rosenbergii. Also the growth was found to be significant at 1% level (p < 0.01) between different feeds.

Keywords

M. Rosebergii, Animal Protein, Plant Protein.

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L. Bindu ¹, G. Sivaleela ¹, Rajkumar Rajan ¹, K. Venkataraman ²

Affiliations
1 Zoological Survey of India, Marine Biology Regional Centre, Chennai-600 028, IN
2 Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, Kolkata-700 053, IN

Abstract

Palk Bay is situated in the southeast coast of India between latitude 9° 55’-10° 45’ N and longitude 78° 58’-79° 55’E. The Palk Bay itself is about 110 km long and is surrounded on the northern and western sides by the coastline of the state of Tamil Nadu in the mainland of India. Palk Bay is a shallow and fl at basin, the depth hardly exceeds 9 metres on an average.

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L. Bindu ¹, J. Chithra ², A. K. Sanyal ²

Affiliations
1 Zoological Survey of India, Marine Biology Regional Centre, Chennai-600028, IN
2 Zoological Survey of India, M.Block, New Alipore, Kolkata, IN

Abstract

Sewage is water carried wastes, in either solution or suspension, that is intended to flow away from a community. It is more than 99. 9% pure water and is characterized by its volume or rate of flow, its physical condition, its chemical constituents and the bacterial organisms that it contains. Sewage water is a complex matrix with many distinctive chemical characteristics. These include high concentrations of ammonium, nitrate, phosphorus, high conductivity (due to high dissolved solids), high alkalinity, with pH typically ranging between 7 & 8.

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