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Asok Kumar Mariappan ¹, Palanivelu Munusamy ¹, Shyma K. Latheef ¹, Shambu Dayal Singh ¹, Kuldeep Dhama ¹

Affiliations
1 Avian Diseases Section, Division of Pathology, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly - 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Aim: Mortality in a broiler chicken farm was investigated for identifying the cause of mortality.

Materials and Methods: A broiler farm with a population of 16000 succumbed to a disease outbreak. Clinical signs, vaccination history and mortality, were recorded. Necropsy examination and microscopic examination were carried out along with toxicological and molecular studies.

Results: The clinical signs in the affected broiler birds were of non-specific nature with a total mortality of 26.39%. Postmortem examination and microscopical findings revealed hepatitis with basophilic intranuclear inclusion, splenitis, myocarditis, and nephritis. Glomerulonephritis was the prominent renal pathology recorded in this study. Polymerase chain reaction test confirmed the presence of fowl adenovirus (FAdV) genome in the target organs, and toxicological examination by thin-layer chromatography revealed the presence of a toxic level of citrinin in the feed samples.

Conclusion: Based on various diagnostic investigations, the mortality in the flock was attributed to inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) complicated with citrinin mycotoxicosis. Thus, apart from liver pathology which occurs in a classical IBH cases, glomerulonephritis too occurs which are also a prominent finding which pathologists often miss. Thus, kidneys should also be examined histologically to assess the microscopic tissue alterations in poultry suspected for IBH along with a mycotoxicological analysis of feed. This will definitely throw light on the synergistic pathology elicited and exhibited by FAdV and mycotoxins in the poultry.

Keywords

Citrinin, Fowl Adenovirus, Glomerulonephritis, Inclusion Body Hepatitis, Thin-Layer Chromatography.

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Rahul Singh ¹, Pawan Kumar ¹, Rajendra Singh ¹, Kuldeep Dhama ¹, Swati Kumari ¹, Jay Prakash Yadav ², Gayatri Kashyap ¹, Karam Pal Singh ³, Vidya Singh ¹, Monalisa Sahoo ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Izatnagar-243122, Uttar Pradesh, IN
2 Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Izatnagar-243122, Uttar Pradesh, IN
3 Division of Pathology, Centre for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Izatnagar-243122, Uttar Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Aim: The small ruminant lentiviruses are known to cause maedi-visna (MV) and caprine arthritis-encephalitis in sheep and goats, typically affecting joints, udder, lungs, and the central nervous system. The diagnosis usually involves serology, clinical signs, immunohistochemistry, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In the present study, the histopathologically positive pneumonia cases of MV were confirmed by PCR in lung tissue probably for the first time in India.
Materials and Methods: A total of 888 lungs of adult sheep, aged between 2 and 5 years, were screened during slaughter, of which 121 were found to have pneumonic lesions. The tissues from each pneumonic lung including associated lymph nodes were collected in 10% neutral buffered formalin for histopathology. The frozen tissues of the same were also collected and stored at -20°C for PCR confirmation.
Results: Three of 121 cases of pneumonic lungs of sheep revealed gross and histopathological lesions suggestive of maedi or ovine progressive pneumonia infection. These 3 cases were further confirmed by PCR technique that amplified 291-base pair DNA in the long terminal repeat sequence of MV provirus.
Conclusion: This study suggests the low occurrence of MV virus (MVV) infection in India in naturally affected sheep based on pathomorphological lesions and using the molecular tool of PCR detection of the virus in tissues. Further, a combination of pathomorphology or/and PCR testing might be optimal for detecting the animals infected with MVV.

Keywords

Histopathology, Maedi-Visna, Ovine Progressive Pneumonia, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Small Ruminant Lentiviruses.

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