A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Vanitha, K.
- Occurrence, Damage, Colour Morphism and Natural Enemies of Monolepta longitarsus Jacoby (Coleoptera: Chrysomellidae), a Defoliating Pest of Cashew
Authors
1 Division of Crop Protection, Directorate of Cashew Research, Puttur - 574 202, Karnataka, IN
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 141, No 6 (2015), Pagination: 687-692Abstract
The present study aimed at investigating the occurrence, damage pattern and natural enemies of a chrysomelid beetle Monolepta longitarsus Jacoby (Chrysomelidae: Coleoptera). Occurrence of the beetle was noticed in cashew plantations at Puttur and Shantigodu, Dakshina Kannada of Karnataka, India during 2012 and 2013. These beetles appeared immediately in large numbers after south-west monsoon showers (June) and infestation was continued on cashew, up to August. Dispersal of this pest did not follow a consistent pattern. Beetles in groups of 60-75 were capable of causing complete drying of cashew shoots within 2-3 days and thus the damage spread was fast. Four different colour morphs of beetles were noticed, in which, reddish orange colour morphs were dominant (> 60 %) throughout the observation period followed by black shouldered red and random mating was observed between all four colour morphs. A few species of reduviids and praying mantises were recorded as predators and Beauveria bassiana as entomopathogenic fungus of these beetles.Keywords
Chrysomelid Beetle, Cashew, Shoot Damage, Pruning, Colour Morphism.
- Formulation and Evaluation of Aqueous Enteric Coated Delayed Release Omeprazole Pellets
Authors
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, Vishnu Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Vishnupur, Narsapur, IN
2 Department of Pharmacology, Vishnu Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Vishnupur, Narsapur, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and Technology, Vol 8, No 1 (2016), Pagination: 1-4Abstract
The main objective of the present study was to develop and optimize enteric coated pellets of Omeprazole using enteric polymers like hydroxyl propylmethylcellulose phthalate. Characterization of the drug was carried out by performing the melting point, identification test by FTIR, solubility, loss on drying and assay parameteres. Then drug-excipient interaction studies were carried out using FTIR. Six formulations of pellets were prepared, from which F5 was chosen for further coating process. Then F5 formulation was sub-coated with HPMC E5 and enteric coated using HPMCP-55.All the formulations were evaluated for their physico-chemical parameters like assay, drug content and dissolution, etc. The in vitro drug release study was performed for the prepared formulations. From the in vitro drug release study, it was found that all the formulations demonstrated excellent physical resistance to the acid medium after 2 hour and the drug release was found to be within specified limits. Formulation subjected to stability studies were checked for physical appearance, drug content and dissolution for 3 months.Keywords
Aqueous Enteric Coated, Delayed Release Omeprazole Pellets.- A Traceback Attack OnFreenet
Authors
Source
Networking and Communication Engineering, Vol 10, No 6 (2018), Pagination: 113-116Abstract
Freenet is a popular anonymous peer-to-peer content exchange network, with the goal of providing the anonymity of content editors and retrievers. Despite over a decade of active development and implementation and the adoption of cryptographic algorithms consolidated on Freenet, the degree of anonymity of Freenet initial project remains unanswered. The tracking attack exploited some fine-grained development and design decisions made on Freenet, including the unique identifier-based mechanism (UID) to circumvent the routing loops of the content request message. Develop a traceback attack on Freenet and show that it is possible to identify the source machine of a content request message on Freenet; that is, the anonymity of a content retriever can be broken, even if the retriever has issued a single request message. In this paper present the design of the tracking attack and conducted experimental and simulation studies to confirm the feasibility and effectiveness of the attack.
Keywords
Freenet, Peer-To-Peer, Anonymity, Traceback Attack, Unique Identifier.- Preparation and Evaluation of a Mucoadhesive Polymer from the Extract of Seeds of Annona squamosa Linn
Authors
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, Vishnu Institute of Pharmaceutical Education And Research, Vishnupur, Narsapur, Medak, Telangana, IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutics, Vinayaka Mission’s College of pharmacy Vishnupur, salem, Tamilnadu, IN
3 Department of Pharmaceutics, Vishnu Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Vishnupur, Narsapur, Medak, Telangana, IN
4 Department of Pharmacology, Vishnu Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Vishnupur, Narsapur, Medak, Telangana, IN
Source
Asian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol 7, No 3 (2017), Pagination: 149-156Abstract
Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems exploit the attraction between the mucus and polymeric drug carriers. They provide localization of the carriers within the specific body site and prolonged residence time of delivery devices. In this present work an attempt was made to isolate a mucoadhesive polymer from an indigenous plant Annona squamosa Linn and characterize its mucoadhesive properties. The results of the present investigation revealed that the prepared polymer characterized as a mucoadhesive polymer as compared with the available polymers. It shows best results in evaluation processes by shear stress, tensile strength, shear strength, falling sphere, swelling factor, viscosity, stability studies.Keywords
Preparation of a Mucoadhesive Polymer, Preparation of a Mucoadhesive Polymer from the Extract of Seeds, Annona squamosa Linn., Seeds of Annona squamosa Linn., Polymer from the Extract of Seeds of Annona squamosa Linn., Extract of Seeds of Annona squamosa Linn., Mucoadhesive Polymer, Mucoadhesive Polymer from the Extract.References
- K. Santhi and R. Sengottu vel “Qualitative and Quantitative analysis of Moringa concanensis nimmo” Int. J. Curr.Microbiol. App. Sci (2016)5(1): 633-640
- Mohammed Shaibu Auwal, Sanni Saka, Ismail Alhaji Mairiga, Kyari Abba Sanda, Abdullahi Shuaibu, Amina Ibrahim “Preliminary phytochemical and elemental analysis of aqueous and fractionated pod extracts of Acacia nilotica” Vet Res Forum.2014 spring; 5(2): 95–100.
- Harbone, JB. Phytochemical Method Published by Jackman and Haulondon, 1973, P.90.
- Madhusudan Rao.Y; Vani.G, Bala Ramesha Chary R, Indian drugs 1998, 35(9); 558-565.
- B.P., 1993 Published on the Recommentation of the Medicians commission Pursuant to the Medicine Act 1968, volume II, a 157.
- Manavalan R., Ramasamy C., Physical Pharmaceutics, Vignesh Publisher,1st edition,1995, 148 – 149.
- Bernkop-Schnu¨ rch, A., S.T.P. Pharma Sci., 1999, 9, 78–87.
- Smart, J.D, Kellaway. I.W. Worthing ton., H.E.C J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 1984, 36,295.
- Lehr, C.M., Eur. J. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet., 1996, 21, 139– 148.
- Rajesh B.G., Robinson J.R. Ind. Journal Pharm. Sci., 1988, 50(3), 145-152.
- Guo. J.H. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm., 1994, 20, 2809.
- Mikos A. G. Pepppas, M.A., Europhys Lett. 1988, 6, 403.
- Park, H., and Robinson, J.R., J. control. Rel., 1985, 2, 47-57.
- Teng, C.L.C Ho, N.F.L.J. Contr. Rel.1987, 6,133.
- Chen J.L. Cyr.G.N. Adhesion in Biological systems., Academic press, 1970, 163-187.
- A Descriptive Study to Assess Knowledge and Attitude towards Caesarean Section among Antenatal Mothers in a Selected Tertiary Care Hospital at Kelambakkam, Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors
1 Chettinad College of Nursing, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, Vol 10, No 12 (2019), Pagination: 547-550Abstract
A descriptive study to assess knowledge and attitude towards Caesarean section among antenatal mothers in a selected Tertiary Care Hospital at Kelambakkam, Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu, India.
The objectives were to assess knowledge towards caesarean section among antenatal mothers in a selected Tertiary Care Hospital at Kelambakkam, Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu, India.,toAssess attitude towards Caesarean section among antenatal mothers in a selected Tertiary Care Hospital at Kelambakkam, Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu, India,Correlate between Knowledge and Attitude towards Caesarean section among antenatal mothers in a selected Tertiary Care Hospital at Kelambakkam, Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu, India,
Associate between knowledge, attitude of antenatal mothers towards Caesarean section with the selected demographic variables in a selected Tertiary Care Hospital at Kelambakkam, Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu, India.The Hypothesis were: There is no significant correlation between knowledge and attitude, there is no significant association between selected demographic variables and the knowledge level towards Caesarean section among Antenatal mothers in a selected Tertiary Care Hospital at Kelambakkam, Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu, India,There is no significant association between selected demographic variables and attitude towards caesarean section among Antenatal mothers in a selected Tertiary Care Hospital at Kelambakkam, Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu, India.The convenience sampling was adopted to select 50 samples. The data collection tools were validated and reliability was established. The data was collected by self-administer questionnaire and 5 points opinionnaire attitude scale method. The collected data tabulated and analyzed. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. The study shows that most of Antenatal mothers 28 (56%) had inadequate knowledge, 21 (42%) had moderate knowledge and only 1(2%) mother had adequate knowledge towards Caesarean section. In terms of attitude of mothers 31(62%) had moderately positive attitude, 17(34%) mothers had positive attitude and 2 (4%) mothers had negative attitude towards Caesarean section. There is no significant association between knowledge, attitude towards Caesarean section with selected demographic variables and there is no correlation between knowledge and attitude of Antenatal mothers towards Caesarean section.
Keywords
Knowledge, Attitude, Caesarean Section.- Artificial Nests Conserve Important Native Bees, Braunsapis spp. Pollinating Cashew
Authors
1 Crop Protection Section, ICAR-Directorate of Cashew Research, Puttur 574 202, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 121, No 1 (2021), Pagination: 127-132Abstract
Native bees, Braunsapis picitarsis Cameron and Braunsapis mixta (Smith) are the common pollinators of cashew. Occupancy of both bee species was record-ed within 15 days of installation of artificial nests made in wooden blocks as well as sticks of different plant species. Increased occupancy of bees in all nest holes was seen over time. Nest hole size of 3 mm diameter was highly preferred followed by 2.5 and 3.5 mm diameter. Out of total nests occupied, 80% and 14.71% were of 3 and 2.5 mm diameter hole size respectively, in the first year. During the second and third years also, higher occupancy was recorded in 3 mm diameter holes. The nests also assisted in recording the nesting behaviour and natural enemies of these bees.Keywords
Artificial Nest, Braunsapis spp., Cashews, Dried Sticks, Wooden Blocks.Full Text
References
- Roubik, D. W. and Roubik, D. W., Pollination of cultivated plants in the tropics. Food Agricultural Organisation, UN, Rome, Italy, 1995.
- Danforth, B. N., Sipes, S., Fang, J. and Brady, S. G., The history of early bee diversification based on five genes plus morphology. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2006, 103, 15118–15123.
- Kremen, C., Williams, N. M. and Thorp, R. W., Crop pollination from native bees at risk from agricultural intensification. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2002, 99(26), 16812–16816; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.262413599.
- Potts, S. G., Vulliamy, B., Roberts, S., O’Toole, C., Dafni, A., Ne’eman, G. and Willmer, P. A. T., Role of nesting resources in organising diverse bee communities in a Mediterranean landscape. Ecol. Entomol., 2005, 30, 78–85; doi:10.1111/j.0307-6946.2005.00662.x.
- Potts, S. G., Vulliamy, B., Dafni, A., Ne’eman, G., O’Toole, C., Roberts, S. and Willmer, P. G., Response of plant–pollinator communities following fire: changes in diversity, abundance and reward structure. Oikos, 2003, 101, 103–112.
- Bayo, S. F. and Wyckhuys, K. A., Worldwide decline of the Entomofauna: a review of its drivers. Biol. Conserv., 2019, 232, 8–27.
- National Research Council, Status of Pollinators in North America, The National Academies Press, Washington, DC, USA, 2017; https://doi.org/10.17226/11761.
- Rhodes, C. J., Pollinator decline – an ecological calamity in the making? Sci. Progr., 2018, 101(2), 121–160; doi:10.3184/003685018x15202512854527; ISSN 0036-8504.
- Cane, J. H., A native ground-nesting bee (Nomia melanderi) sustainably managed to pollinate alfalfa across an intensively agricultural landscape. Apidologie, 2008, 39, 315–323.
- Sardinas, H. S. and Kremen, C., Evaluating nesting microhabitat for ground-nesting bees using emergence traps. Basic Appl. Ecol., 2014, 15, 161–168; doi:10.1016/j.baae.2014.02.004.
- Vanitha, K. and Raviprasad, T. N., Diversity, species richness and foraging behaviour of pollinators in cashew. Agric. Res., 2019, 8(2), 197–206; doi:10.1007/s40003-018-0370-2.
- Prasantha, C., Taxonomic studies on carpenter bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Xylocopinae) of Karnataka. Ph D thesis, Department of Agricultural Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, 2017.
- ICAR-DCR, Annual Report (eds Shamsudheen, M., Siddanna Savadi and Mohana, G. S.), ICAR-Directorate of Cashew Research, Puttur, 2018.
- Richards, K., Comparisons of nesting materials used for the alfalfa leafcutter bee, Megachile pacifica (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Can. Entomol., 1978, 110, 841–846.
- Thiele, R., Phenology and nest site preferences of wood-nesting bees in Neotropical lowland rain forest. Stud. Neotrop. Fauna Environ., 2005, 40, 39–48.
- Dicks, L. V., Showler, D. A. and Sutherland, W. J., Bee Conservation: Evidence for the Effects of Intervention, Pelagic Publishing, UK, 2010.
- Fortel, L., Henry, M., Guilbaud, L., Mouret, H. and Vaissière, B. E., Use of human‐made nesting structures by wild bees in an urban environment. J. Insect Conserv., 2016, 20, 239–253.
- Gazola, A. L. and Garófalo, C. A., Trap‐nesting bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) in forest fragments of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Genet. Mol. Res., 2009, 8, 607–622.
- Gaston, K. J., Smith, R. M., Thompson, K. and Warren, P. H., Urban domestic gardens (II): experimental tests of methods for increasing biodiversity. Biodiver. Conserv., 2005, 14, 395–413.
- Clements, D. K., The enemy within – conopid flies as parasitoids of bees and wasps in Britain. Br. Wildl., 1997, 8(5), 310–315.
- Rasmussen, C. and Cameron, S. A. Conopid fly (Diptera: Conopidae) attacking large orchid bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Eulaema). J. Kansas Entomol. Soc., 2004, 77(1), 61–62.
- Lucia, M., Aquino, D. A., Hansson, C. and Abrahamovich, A. H., The first record of conopid flies (Diptera: Conopidae) and eulophid wasps (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) as parasitoids and hyperparasitoids associated with carpenter bees (Apidae: Xylocopinae) in Argentina. J. Apicult. Res., 2009, 49(2), 208–211; doi:10.3896/IBRA.1.49.2.11.
- Malfi, R. L., Walter, J. A., Roulston, T. H., Stuligross, C., McIntosh, S. and Bauer, L., The influence of conopid flies on bumble bee colony productivity under different food resource conditions. Ecol. Monogr., 2018, 88(4), 653–671; https://doi.org/10.1002/ecm.1327.
- Wcislo, W. T., The roles of seasonality, host synchrony, and behaviour in the evolution and distribution of nest parasites in Hymenoptera (Insecta) with special reference to bees (Apoidea). Biol. Rev., 1987, 62(4), 515–543.
- Wilkaniec, Z. and Giejdasz, K., Suitability of nesting substrates for the cavity-nesting bee Osmia rufa. J. Apicult. Res., 2003, 42, 29–31.