Informatics Publishing Limited

S. Madhavakrishnan ¹, K. Manickavasagam ¹, Y. Sameena ², K. Selvam ³, K. Kairvelu ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Environmental Science, PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore-641 014, T. N., IN
2 Department of Chemistry, Karpagam Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, T.N., IN
3 Department of Biotechnology, Dr. N.G.P. College, Coimbatore, T.N., IN
4 Centre for Fire, Explosive and Environment Safety (CFEES), DRDO, Delhi, IN

Abstract

Activated carbon prepared from Ricinus communis pericarp (RCP) was used to remove Fe(II) ions from aqueous solutions by adsorption technique under varying conditions of agitation time, metal ion concentration, adsorbent dosage, pH and desorption. The effective pH was found to be 5 ± 0.2. Adsorption followed both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models.

Keywords

Adsoption of Iron, Ricinus communis, Activated Carbon, Freundlich Isotherm, Langmuir Isotherm.

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K. Selvam ¹, K. Swaminathan ², M. Manikandan ¹, P. Chinnaswamy ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Biotechnology, Dr. N. G. P. Arts and Science College, Coimbatore-641 035, T.N., IN
2 Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore-641 046, T.N., IN
3 Department of Biochemistry, Dr. N. G. P. Arts and Science College, Coimbatore-641 035, T.N, IN

Abstract

White rot fungus, Thelephora, isolated by its high production levels of ligninolytic enzymes from stumps of a burnt tree, was examined for its optimum growth conditions such as pH and temperature as well as carbon sources (glucose, cellulose and lignin) and nitrogen sources (diammonium tartrate, yeast extract and urea). For the maximum growth of Thelephora the 6 day incubation period was required at pH 5.0 and 35°C with 3.0 g/L lignin as a carbon source and 0.88 g/L yeast extract as a nitrogen source. The lignin peroxidase (LiP) production was maximal on the 7th day at pH 4.5 and 40°C with 3.0 g/L lignin and 0.44 g/L diammonium tartrate. The manganese-dependent peroxidase (MnP) production was achieved on 7th day incubation at pH 4.5 and 40°C, with 2.5 g/L glucose and 0.22 g/L diammonium tartrate as carbon and nitrogen sources respectively. The highest amount of laccase was obtained on the fourth day of incubation at pH 7.0 and 35°C using 3.0 g/L cellulose and 0.44 g/L diammonium tartrate as carbon and nitrogen sources respectively.

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K. Selvam ¹, N. Shiva ², K. R. Manikandan ¹, D. S. Rajavel ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Agriculture Entomology, Agriculture College and Research Institute, Madurai – 625 104, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore – 641 003, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Regional Research Station, Aruppukkottai – 626 101, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to observe newer insecticide molecules against pod borer complex such as Maruca vitrata, Euchrysops cnejus. Field experiments were conducted during 2017-2018 to study black gram under rainfed condition 6.20. Flubendiamide 480 SC recorded the lowest larval population of Maruca vitrata (2.40 larvae/plant) under field condition followed by thiodicarb (3.33 larvae/plant) whereas untreated check recorded (9.04 larvae/plant). Among the newer insecticide molecules, lowest gram blue butterfly larval population was recorded in thiodicarb 75 % WP (1.64 larvae/ plant) followed by flubendiamide 480 (1.83). The standard check registered (11.75). Lowest Maruca vitrata pod damage was recorded in flubendiamide 480 SC (5.25 %) followed by thodicarb 75 % WP (5.55 %). Thiodicarb 75% recorded lowest percentage (3.8) of Euchrysops cnejus pod damage among newer insecticides molecules.

Keywords

Black Gram, Euchrysops cnejus, Maruca vitrata, Newer Insecticide Molecules.

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T. Sujatha ¹, K. Selvam ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Computer Applications, Dr. MGR Educational and Research Institute, IN

Abstract

In the medical industry, the amount of data that can be collected and kept is currently increasing. As a result, in order to handle these large amounts of data efficiently, compression methods must be re-examined while taking the algorithm complexity into account. An image processing strategy should be explored to eliminate the duplication image contents, so boosting the capability to retain or transport data in the best possible manner. Image Compression (IC) is a method of compressing images as they are being stored and processed. The information is preserved in a lossless image compression technique which allows for exact image reconstruction from compressed data with retain the quality of image to higher possible extend but it does not significantly decrease the size of the image. In this research work, the encoding algorithm is applied to various medical images such as brain image, dental x-ray image, hand x ray images, breast mammogram images and skin image can be used to minimize the bit size of the image pixels based on the different encoding algorithm such as Huffman, Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW) and Run Length Encoding (RLE) for effective compression and decompression without any quality loss to reconstruct the image. The image processing toolbox is used to apply the compression algorithms in MATLAB. To assess the compression efficiency of various medical images using different encoding techniques and performance indicators such as Compression Ratio (CR) and Compression Factor (CF). The LZW technique compresses binary images; however, it fails to generate a lossless image in this implementation. Huffman and RLE algorithms have a lower CR value, which means they compress data more efficiently than LZW, although RLE has a larger CF value than LZW and Huffman. When fewer CR and more CF are recorded, RLE coding becomes more viable. Finally, using state-of-the-art methodologies for the sample medical images, performance measures such as PSNR and MSE is retrieved and assessed.

Keywords

Lossless Image Compression, Huffman Coding, Lempel-Ziv-Weich, Run Length Encoding

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