Informatics Publishing Limited

K. Sanjeev Kumar ¹, V. Vijay Kumar ¹, A. G. Prasanthi ¹, L. K. Kanthal ¹, P. Bhoja Raju ¹, K. Satyavathi ¹

Affiliations
1 Koringa College of Pharmacy, Korangi, Tallarevu (M), East Godavari Dist., Andhra Pradesh, IN

Abstract

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the cardiotonic activity of the aqueous, methanolic and chloroform extracts of the ischolar_mains of Hemidesmus indicus and fruits of Terminalia bellirica, Terminalia chebula. The cardiotonic effect of aqueous, methanolic and chloroform extracts of the three plants was studied by using isolated frog heart perfusion technique (IFHP). Ringer solution without calcium was used as a vehicle for administration of aqueous, methanolic and chloroform extracts as test and digoxin as standard. A significant increase in the height of force of contraction (positive ionotropic effect) and decrease in heart rate (negative chronotropic effect) was observed and as compared to standard, test drug showed wide therapeutic index.

Keywords

Cardiotinic Activity, Frog Heart Perfusion Technique, Digoxin, Therapeutic Index,Hemidesmus Indicus, Terminalia Bellirica, Terminalia Chebula

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Lakshmi Kanta Kanthal ¹, B. V. V. S. Surya Kiran ¹, K. Satyavathi ¹, P. Bhoja Raju ¹, Subhas Sahoo ²

Affiliations
1 Koringa College of Pharmacy, Korangi, Tallarevu [M], E. G. Dist. - 533 461, A.P, IN
2 Pulla Reddy Institute of Pharmacy, Annaram, Jinnaram (M), Medak Dist., A.P., IN

Abstract

Herbal medicine is having very old history. Plants are the typical manufacturers of complex drug molecules, which serve as a prototype to develop more effective and less toxic medicines. The antimicrobial activities of medicinal plants can be attributed to the secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids that are present in these plants. Helminthes infections are becoming a cause to disorders like eosinophilia, pneumonia, anaemia, and under nourishment. Anti-helmethic drugs will expel these worms by paralyzing or by killing the worms. In traditional system of medicine a large number of plants are claimed to have anthelmintic activity. Chemical study started from 1960's and showed that constituents of E. scaber L. include flavonoids, triterpenoids, flavonoid esters and sesquiterpene lactones. Elephantopus scaber L. belongs to the family Asteraceae. The present study was carried out to screen the antimicrobial and anthelmintic activities of Elephantopus scaber L. The activities of extracts of the plant material are compared with the piperazine citrate. The n-hexane, chloroform and methanolic extracts shows concentration dependent and significant anthelmintic activity compared to the piperazine citrate and Albendazole and Amoxicillin and Fluconazole for the case of antimicrobial activity. Thus the anthelmintic and antimicrobial activities of Elephantopus scaber L. are demonstrated for the first time.

Keywords

Elephantopus scaber L, Antimicrobial Activities, Antihelmethic Drugs, Pheritima posthuma

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N. Sridhar ¹, B. V. V. S. Surya Kiran ¹, M. Raghavendra ¹, M. N. V. Prasad ¹, L. K. Kanthal ¹, K. Satyavathi ¹

Affiliations
1 Koringa College of Pharmacy, Korangi-533 461, E.G. Dt., Andhra Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Herbal medicine is having very old history. Plants are the typical manufacturers of complex drug molecules, which serve as a prototype to develop more effective and less toxic medicines. Helminth infections are distressing huge population in the world. These infections are contributing to the disorders like pneumonia, anaemia, eosinophilia and under nourishment. Currently available anthelmintic drugs require improved management, high cost and also worms developing resistance to these drugs. So, there is a need of investigation of new anthelmintic molecules. Glycosmis mauritiana (Rutaceae) and Pedalium murex (Pedaliceae) are selected as test drugs based on ethno-botanical survey conducted in East Godavari Dist., Andhra Pradesh. The ischolar_mains of each plant were extracted with petroleum ether and ethanol. The anthelmintic activity of these extracts was screened by taking Indian earthworm (Pheretima posthuma) as a test organism and albendazole and piperazine citrate were used as reference standards. All the extracts show significant anthelmintic activity. The ethanolic extract of Glycosmis mauritiana shows more activity comparing to the other extracts. Overall anthelmintic activity revealed that concentration dependent nature of extracts. The extract shows potent and significant anthelmintic activity as compared to the standards and it was investigated to be used as effective anthelmintic drug.

Keywords

Anthelmintic Activity, Glycosmis mauritiana, Pedalium murex, Indian Earthworm, Ethanolic Extract.

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Lakshmi Kanta Kanthal ¹, B. V. V. S. Surya Kiran ¹, K. Satyavathi ¹, P. Bhojaraju ¹

Affiliations
1 Koringa College of Pharmacy, Korangi-533 461, E.G. Dt., Andhra Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Supernumerary teeth (Hyperdontia) are a rare alteration in the development of the maxillas, which can appear in any part of the maxillas and can affect any tooth. They can be associated with a syndrome or they can be found in nonsyndromic patients. Hypodontia is defined as developmental absence of one or more teeth. Only children with supernumerary teeth were included in the study while patients having supernumerary teeth with associated syndromes were excluded. Supernumeraries were detected by clinical and radiographic examination. The results indicated that males were affected more than females with a sex ratio of 2.9: 1. Single supernumerary tooth was seen in 79% of the patients, 20% had double, and 1% had three or more supernumeraries. Premaxillary supernumeraries accounted for 93.8% of the cases. Conical shaped supernumerary teeth were the most common type (59.7%). Majority of supernumeraries remained unerupted (65%). Fusion of supernumerary tooth with a regular tooth was observed in 4% of the patients. Talon cusp, an associated dental anomaly, was seen in 5% of the cases. Simultaneous hypodontia occurred in 2.3% of patients with supernumeraries. Although supernumerary teeth are asymptomatic in most cases, they may lead to malocclusions, aesthetic, functional and psychological problems. This investigation was to study children with supernumerary teeth who visited the Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Shankar Multispecialty Dental Hospital, Kakinada, East Godavari Dist., Andhra Pradesh.

Keywords

Supernumerary Teeth, Maxilla, Clinical and Radiographic Examination, Single, Double and Triple Supernumerary Tooth.

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