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K. Ruth Salomi ¹, N. Ramesh ¹, D. Hepcy Kala Rani ¹, K. Ravindra Reddy ¹

Affiliations
1 P. Rami Reddy Memorial College of Pharmacy Kadapa-516 003, Andhra Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Attention - deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a self explanatory condition that people of all ages are afflicted with, all over the world. It is classified as a neurobehavioral development disorder which more commonly affects about to 5% of children. It consists of the core symptoms of inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity. ADHD and its symptoms can be recognized at an early stage and with proper treatment a normal life can be experienced.

Keywords

Inattention, Hyperactivity, Impulsivity.

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M. Kranthi Kumar Reddy ¹, B. Narasimha Rao ¹, K. Ravindra Reddy ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, P. Rami Reddy Memorial College of Pharmacy, Kadapa-516003 Andhra Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Nateglinide is a novel anti diabetic drug that lowers blood glucose levels by stimulating insulin secretion from the pancreas. This action is dependent upon functioning beta-cells in the pancreatic islets. One of the major problems with this drug is its low solubility in biological fluids, which results into poor bioavailability after oral administration. Therefore, solid dispersions (SDs) of nateglinide were prepared using lactose, mannitol and urea to increase its aqueous solubility. Nateglinide SDS was prepared in 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 ratios of the drug to polymer (by weight). In vitro release profiles of all SDs (F-1 to F-9) were comparatively evaluated and also studied against pure Nateglinide. Faster dissolution was exhibited by solid dispersion containing 1:3 ratio of drug: mannitol. The increase in dissolution rate of the drug may be due to increase in wettability, hydrophilic nature of the carrier and due to reduction in drug crystallinity. The prepared solid dispersion was subjected for % practical yield, drug content and infrared (IR) spectroscopic studies. Absence of significant drug-carrier interaction was confirmed by infrared spectroscopic (IR) data.

Keywords

Nateglinide, Solid Dispersions (SDs), Mannitol, Urea, Lactose, Kneading Method.

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P. Sabitha Reddy ¹, C. Swetha ², K. Ravindra Reddy ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics P. Rami Reddy Memorial College of Pharmacy, Kadapa-516003 Andhra Pradesh, IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutics, P. Rami Reddy Memorial College of Pharmacy, Kadapa-516003, Andhra Pradesh, IN

Abstract

The aim of present study was to increase the solubility of glibenclamide in water by hydrotropic solubilization. Sodium acetate, sodium citrate, sodium salicylate and sodium benzoate were used as the hydrotropic agents. In order to elucidate the probable mechanism of solubilization, the solution properties such as surface tension, viscosity, specific gravity were studied. Sodium salicylate was found to be the most suitable hydrotropic agent to increase the solubility of glibenclamide. The solubility of Glibenclamide by various hydrotropes was in decreasing order of Sodium acetate>sodium salicylate>sodium citrate>sodium benzoate. Initial increase in solubility of Glibenclamide was due to the weak ionic interactions between the hydrotropes and glibenclamide molecules, multifold increase in solubility at higher concentration of hydrotrope was due to molecular aggregation.

Keywords

Glibenclamide, Solubility Enhancement, Hydrotropic Agents.

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M. Kranthi Kumar Reddy ¹, B. Narasimha Rao ¹, K. Ravindra Reddy ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, P. Rami Reddy Memorial College of Pharmacy, Kadapa-516003, Andhra Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Nateglinide is a novel anti diabetic drug that lowers blood glucose levels by stimulating insulin secretion from the pancreas. This action is dependent upon functioning beta-cells in the pancreatic islets. One of the major problems with this drug is its low solubility in biological fluids, which results into poor bioavailability after oral administration. Therefore, solid dispersions (SDs) of nateglinide were prepared using lactose, mannitol and urea to increase its aqueous solubility. Nateglinide SDS was prepared in 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 ratios of the drug to polymer (by weight). In vitro release profiles of all SDs (F-1 to F-9) were comparatively evaluated and also studied against pure Nateglinide. Faster dissolution was exhibited by solid dispersion containing 1:3 ratio of drug: mannitol. The increase in dissolution rate of the drug may be due to increase in wettability, hydrophilic nature of the carrier and due to reduction in drug crystallinity. The prepared solid dispersion was subjected for % practical yield, drug content and infrared (IR) spectroscopic studies. Absence of significant drug-carrier interaction was confirmed by infrared spectroscopic (IR) data.

Keywords

Nateglinide, Solid Dispersions (SDs), Mannitol, Urea, Lactose, Kneading Method.

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S. Sujani ¹, R. Hari Babu ¹, K. Ravindra Reddy ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, P. Rami Reddy Memorial College of Pharmacy, Kadapa-516003, Andhra Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Spherical agglomerates of Meloxicam were prepared by simple agglomeration technique using a three solvent system. It includes a good solvent, a poor solvent and a bridging liquid. The selection of solvents depends on miscibility of the solvents and the solubility of drug in individual solvents. Accordingly acetone, water and chloroform are selected as a good solvent, poor solvent and bridging liquid. Chloroform has shown to be highly used in the preparation of spherical crystals. Hence this solvent system is used in the present study. Agglomerates were prepared by agitating the crystals in a liquid suspension and adding a bridging liquid, which wets the crystal surface causing binding. The addition of bridging liquid promotes the formation of liquid bridges between drug crystals. Spherical agglomerates of three different polymers (PVP, Poloxamer and Crosspovidone) and physical mixtures were prepared dried at room temperature. Particle size, saturation solubility, drug content, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) studies and dissolution characteristics were also investigated.

Keywords

Meloxicam, Simple Agglomeration Technique, Spherical Agglomerates, PVP, Poloxamer and Crosspovidone.

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