Informatics Publishing Limited

K. Rajesh ¹, T. N. Sandeep ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Food and Agricultural Process Engineering, Agricultural Engineering College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, T.N., IN
2 Aicrp on Post Harvest Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences, G.K.V.K., Bengaluru, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

In the present study, a process for the production of 'ready-to-eat' eggs in gravy has been optimized. Eggs used for the present study were boiled for several temperatures and time combinations by considering the age of the eggs, ease of peeling and edible loss during peeling. The five days old egg boiled for 8 minutes recorded minimum hardness value of 6.62 N with 2.5 per cent edible loss and 20 days old eggs boiled for 11 min recorded maximum hardness of 10.23 N with 0.19 per cent edible loss. Similarly, the weight of edible portion and shells of boiled eggs ranged from 86.78 to 90.70 per cent and 8.91 to 11.69 per cent, respectively. The study clearly revealed that eggs to gravy in 2:3 ratio filled in 20 x 15 cm pouches was suitable and hence adjudged as optimum pouch size and filling ratio. Boiled eggs packed in pouches along with gravy and thermally processed at 95±2⁰C for 30 minutes recorded a hardness value less than 13.0 and under organoleptical evaluation recorded maximum value (8.76). The freshly boiled eggs used for the present study were white in colour, as for as albumin is considered and recorded an 'L' value of 84.54 and yolk was light yellow in its appearance and recorded a 'b' value of 47.85. Gravy prepared for the study was brownish red in appearance and recorded a 'b' value of 53.03 and 'a' value of 11.52. Gravy recorded a TSS value of 14.8⁰ Brix and a pH value of 6.8 indicating that it is neutral in nature. The texture of egg was highly soft with completely solidified condition of both albumin and yolk. The albumin moisture content was about 83.07 per cent and recorded a hardness value of 9.63N and a springiness value of 0.556. The protein content of boiled egg was 13.65 per cent.

Keywords

‘Ready-to-eat’, Boiled Poultry Eggs, Gravy

Full Text

     

K. Rajesh ¹, T. N. Sandeep ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Food and Agricultural Process Engineering Agricultural Engineering College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, T.N., IN
2 Aicrp on Post Harvest Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences, G.K.V.K., Bengaluru, Karnatka, IN

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate physico-chemical properties, the microbial load and sensory properties changes of ready-to-eat product, egg with gravy packed in different packaging material and stored under various conditions. The experimental packaging material were: Retort pouches, Polypropylene (PP), Low density poly ethylene (LDPE) and storage conditions were: ambient (27±5 ^oC) and refrigerated (12 and 15^oC) conditions. The egg with gravy was stored for a period of 45 days and tested for pH of gravy, colour (albumin, yolk, and gravy), TSS, hardness, springiness and moisture content, microbial load and sensory assessment of odour, colour and appearance. Of the three packaging materials, retort pouch recorded a minimum bacterial load of 2.89 x 10² and 5.3 x 10² cfu/gram at 12 and 15^oC after 45 days of storage, respectively. According to the sensory evaluation, egg with gravy packed in PP and LDPE resulted unacceptable after 14 and 21 days of storage, respectively whereas the retort pouch-packed egg with gravy was still acceptable.

Keywords

Egg with Gravy, Packaging, Storage, Shelf Life, Sensory Evaluation

Full Text

     

S. Pattanaik ¹, N. Rama Rao ¹, K. Rajesh ¹, G. R. S. Reddy ¹, M. R. G. Reddy ¹

Affiliations
1 Institute of Forest Biodiversity, ICFRE, Hyderabad, IN

Abstract

An intensive study was conducted to quantitatively assess the composition and structure of vegetation in the dry red sanders (Pterocarpus santalinus L. f.) bearing forest areas of Eastern Ghats, Andhra Pradesh. A total of 243 stems (&#8805;10 cm dbh) belonging to 40 tree species and 21 families were enumerated in 45 quadrats of 100 m<SUP>2</SUP> each, spread over five study sites. Tree communities at the five sites differed in composition, density, dominance and structure. The number of species (species richness) across study sites ranged from 5 to 20. The tree density across study sites ranged from 622.2 stems ha<SUP>-1</SUP> to388.9 stems ha<SUP>-1</SUP> . The basal area across study sites ranged from 15.884 m<SUP>2</SUP> ha<SUP>-1</SUP> to 7.351 m<SUP>2</SUP> ha<SUP>-1</SUP> . The Shannon-Weiner Index (H') of species diversity varied from 2.765 to 1.414. Syzygium alternifolium, Anogeissus latifolia and Chloroxylon swietenia were found to be the predominant species at the study sites. The relative position of red sanders in the community was found to be fifth and beyond.Red sanders was conspicuously absent from the higher diameter classes. The probable cause for this absence and its implications are discussed.

Keywords

Floristic Composition, Community Structure, Quantitative Diversity Assessment, Species Diversity

Full Text

     

B. Srinivasan ¹, S. Arunkumar ², K. Rajesh ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Information Technology, School of Computing, SASTRA University, IN
2 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Computing, SASTRA University, IN

Abstract

In this paper, we present a new approach for concealing secret message in a digital image by adding three layer securities. In the first layer, the secret image is encrypted by using the famed AES algorithm. In the second layer, we establish a Non-Uniform Block Adaptive Segmentation on Image (NUBASI) algorithm for generating segments of the cover image. This algorithm accept a Key from sender and by using this key, split the cover image into small pieces each with different dimension. In the third layer, a new randomized secret sharing algorithm hide the secret data into the different segments. This algorithm defines 32 different patterns for selecting the segments order to implant the cipher data. This proposed method was implemented and tested for various size cover images and secret messages. The quality of the final stego-image and original image are compared and analyzed through their PSNR values.

Keywords

Cryptography, Image Segmentation, Non-Uniform Block, Randomized Algorithm, Steganography.

Full Text

   

G. D. Vasantha Kumar ¹, K. Rajesh ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Processing and Food Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur(Karnataka), IN
2 Department of Processing and Food Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur(Karnataka), IN

Abstract

A study was undertaken to develop a prototype for decortication of pongamia pods. One of the most tedious operations in processing of pongamia pods is the decortication or shelling operation. However, moisture content normally affects the handling and processing, such as decortication/shelling. This study was conducted to determine the effect of moisture content on decortication efficiency of pongamia pods using a rotating corrugated drum and stationary concave plate arrangement. A bulk quantity of well dried pongamia pods was obtained from the local village near Tumkur, Karanataka, and this bulk was divided into two groups namely, graded (A) and ungraded (B) samples. These groups were prepared for conditioning by spraying of ordinary water on pods at room temperature by spreading them in a thin layer. After conditioning, the pods were spread out in a thin layer to dry in natural air for about eight hours, to obtain different level moisture content. Moisture content of each sample was determined by oven drying at 105ºC for 24 h. The moisture content levels were found to be 7.5 and 10 per cent (w.b.) for samples A and B, respectively. The samples were subjected to impact and shearing force while passing through the clearance between concave plate and the corrugated drum. The machine operating at an angular velocity of 250 r.p.m., using two different machine clearances. Data obtained on the percentage of kernel damage, percentage of decortication efficiency and capacity of the machine (kg/h), were statistically analysed. Results showed that moisture content and machine clearance have a significant effect on these performance indices. The most effective performance was obtained at moisture content 7.5 per cent (w.b.), at which means of decorticating efficiency, percentage of kernel damage and capacity for sample A and B were 93.36 per cent, 16.97 per cent, 118.70 kg/h for 8 mm clearance and for 9 mm clearance 84.52 per cent, 14.93 per cent, 122.56 kg/h, respectively. The study further showed that development of pongamia decorticating machine with winnower would eliminate the tediousness of the present manual pod cracking methods.

Keywords

Pongamia Pods, Decortication Efficiency, Moisture Content, Machine Clearance, Capacity, Corrugated Drum.

Full Text

     

J. Satheesh Kumar ¹, G. Saravana Kumar ¹, R. S. Madhunica ¹, K. Prakash ¹, E. Deepa ¹, K. Rajesh ¹

Affiliations
1 Tamilnadu College of Engineering, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, IN

Abstract

Recent technological breakthrough in high speed processing units and communication devices have enabled the development of high data compression schemes. This paper presents a modified scheme for Run length encoding (RLE). Run length encoding algorithm performs compression of input data based on sequences of identical values. RLE is having some limitations and they have been highlighted and discussed in detail in this paper. In RLE largest number of sequences may increase the number of bits to represents the length of each run, which may increase the size of memory stack which may results in performance degradation. For n-bit run it requires 2n memory stack. If run is greater than n bits we require 2n+1 memory stack to store the run value. An efficient coding technique, Bitstuffing has been suggested in this paper. A new bit different from the original sequence is added in between reduces the repeat length, thereby with the same stack we can represent length as well. This technique is described using VHDL and is implemented on Saprtan3 FPGA.

Keywords

Bit Stuffing, Compression, Memory Stack and Run Length Encoding (RLE).

Full Text

     

K. Rajesh ¹, D. Sarala ², V. Venkataraman ², K. Kannan ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Computer Science, SASTRA University, Thanjavur - 613401, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Mathematics, SASTRA University, Thanjavur - 613401, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Objective: Classification of cloud images through segmentation of automated satellite images to improvise the level of accuracy. Method Analysis: To classify cloud images the hyper graph model uses the idea of maximally bonded subsets that is endowed with integer valued metric are applied to receive the classifications. The widely used hyper graph model is Intensity Neighborhood Hyper graph (INHG) and representation model in this article is Intensity Interval Hyper graph (IIHG). Findings: The results obtained through this process is proved to be more accurate and the time complexity is O(n) in weather prediction. Similarly, the results received through IIHG, which also provides the same computational complexity where all the pixels to be processed with less time. Enhancement: The proposed methodology increases the accuracy level of prediction with less computation time and this work can be enhanced by including pattern recognition in automated processing.

Keywords

Hyper Graph, INHG, IIHG, Satellite Imagery, Segmentation.

Full Text

   

K. Rajesh ¹, R. Rajalakshmi ¹, S. Vijayaraj ¹, T. Sreelakshmi ²

Affiliations
1 Sree Vidyanikethan College of Pharmacy, A.Rangampeta, Tirupati-517102, AP, IN
2 SCBT, SASTRA University, Dept. of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Thanjavur-613401, Tamilnadu, IN

Abstract

A simple, accurate, precise, sensitive and a highly selective UV spectrophotometric method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of Atorvastatin calcium and Felodipine. The Estimation of Atorvastatin calcium was carried out at wavelength 241nm, while Felodipine was estimated as single component at 366.5nm. The method was found to be linear in the range of 2-10μg/ml for each Atorvastatin calcium and Felodipine. The developed method was validated according to ICH guidelines and it found to be accurate and precise. Thus the proposed method can be successfully applied for simultaneous determination of Atorvastatin calcium and Felodipine in routine analysis work.

Keywords

Atorvastatin Calcium, Felodipine, UV Spectrophotometric Method.

Full Text

     

K. Rajesh ¹

Affiliations
1 Dept. of Political Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, IN

Abstract

The movement for a separate Telangana state has been hailed by many intellectuals as a democratic struggle of the people of a region against political domination and economic exploitation. The central government‟s decision to create a new state is seen as an official recognition of the people‟s aspiration for identity and self-rule. Interrogating such perceptions, this article examines the process by which a Telangana identity has been constructed and throws light on different factors that contributed to it. The Telangana identity is built partly on fact, and partly on half-truths, prejudices, and false hopes. Apart from intellectuals, the resurrection of the regional identity has been facilitated by the opportunism of political parties, in particular, the unjustifiable inaction of the left.There have been several movements to revoke the merger of Telangana and Andhra, major ones occurring in 1969, 1972, and 2009. The movement for a new state of Telangana gained a great momentum in the 21^st Century with the fast initiated by Kalvakuntla Chandrashekar Rao the Chief of Telangana Rashtra Samithi on November 29, 2009. On 9^th December, 2009 the Government of India announced the process of formation of the Telangana state. Violent protests led by people in the Coastal Andhra and Rayalseema regions occurred immediately after the announcement, and the decision was put on hold on 23^rd December, 2009. The movement continued in Hyderabad and other districts of Telangana. There have been hundreds of claimed suicides, strikes, protests and disturbances to public life demanding separate statehood. After many struggles, the state of Telangana was officially formed on 2^nd June 2014, Kalvakuntla Chandrashekar Rao was elected as the first chief minister of Telangana, following elections in which the Telangana Rastra Samithi party secured majority. Hyderabad will remain as the joint capital of both Telangana and Andhra Pradesh for a period of 10 years.

Keywords

Regional Politics, Telangana, Telangana Rastra Samiti.

Full Text