Informatics Publishing Limited

K. Mallikarjuna ¹, V. Veeranna ², K. Hemachandra Reddy ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ballari Institute of Technology and Management, Bellary, Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Brindavan Institute of Technology and Science, Kurnool 518001, A.P., IN
3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, JNTU, Anantapur-515001, IN

Abstract

FMS’s seems to be a very promising technology as they provide flexibility, which is essential for many manufacturing companies. FMS can yield a number of dissimilar jobs simultaneously. Each part requires different operations in a certain sequence and workstations can typically perform a variety of operations. In this paper, multi-objective optimization related to FMS scheduling which act as a constraint in configuring the loop layout in optimum manner by various evolutionary algorithms such as Metaheuristics like PSO, SA etc. The first one is connected with batch scheduling problem (BSP). The next objective is emphasis on determination of optimum machine sequence with minimum total transportation cost. In this paper the authors made an attempt to consider machine arrangements in an optimum sequence with flexible batch scheduling as constraints in an FMS. The various loop layout problems are tested for enactment of objective function with respect to computational time and number of iterations involved in SA and PSO. A necessary code is generated in C++ and the code is run by the IDE tool in which C++ compiler used as plug in. The results of the above optimization algorithms are tabulated and it is concluded that for make span PSO is better than SA, whereas for total transportation cost SA is better than PSO.

Keywords

Flexible Manufacturing Systems, Particles Warm Method, Simulated Annealing, Transportation Cost.

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P. Gopala Rao ¹, K. Mallikarjuna ¹, G. Gururaja Rao ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Botany, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, (A. P.), IN

Abstract

Malnutrition is a serious social problem in India. Green leafy vegetables are the cheapest of all the vegetables within the reach of poor man, being richest in their nutritional value.

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N. Somasekhara Reddy ¹, K. R. Shanmugam ¹, K. Munikrishna Reddy ¹, K. Mallikarjuna ², K. Sathyavelu Reddy ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Molecular Biology and Exercise Physiology, Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati (A.P.), IN
2 Exercise Biochemistry Lab, Taipei Physical Education College, Taipei City, TW

Abstract

Aging is an universal, intrinsic, progressive, irreversible and deleterious phenomenon. As age advances, several enzymes show an increase, while some decrease and some do not show any change in their activities. These specific alterations in the enzymes must have inflicted a great impact on the process of aging. This process is thought to be related to increase in free radicals generation and oxidative stress. In the present study an attempt was made to investigate the impact of exercise training on aging by selecting two age groups (3 months as “young” and 18 months as “old”). Standard protocols were followed for the assay of selective antioxidant enzymes with rat as an animal model. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione (GSH) levels were decreased with the advancement of age. The decline in antioxidant enzymes with age could be due to the disturbances of intracellular prooxidant-antioxiadnt homeostasis, which leads to cell death. However, the activities of SOD, CAT, GR and GPx and levels of GSH were augmented with exercise training in both age groups of rats. The elevation of SOD observed might be aimed at the removal of superoxide anion radicals generated due to aging process. Where as, the increase in GPx activity indicate its active participation in the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides generated via dismutation of super oxide anion by SOD. It was concluded that 2 months treadmill exercise is beneficial in order to avoid detrimental effects of free radical generation during the process of aging.

Keywords

Aging, Exercise, Antioxidant Enzymes, Rats.

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