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V. B. M. Sayana ¹, E. Arunbabu ², L. Mahesh Kumar , S. Ravichandran ², K. Karunakaran ²

Affiliations
1 St. Peters Engineering College, Avadi, Chennai- 600054, IN
2 Centre for Water Resources, Anna Univ.-Chennai, Chennai 600025

Abstract

This paper reports the response of the groundwater in the St Peter's Engineering College campus, Avadi, near Chennai, India. Artificial recharge of rainwater was done through roof top harvesting methods during 2004 to 2007. Based on a hydro geological survey of the campus, eleven bore well were sunk for augmenting water supply to the campus. The lithology of each bore well was also recorded. A percolation pond in 1 ha area on the south eastern side of the campus was dug to collect and store the rainwater harvested from rooftops of the campus buildings. The survey also assisted in the identification and location of about 70 number of recharge wells in the campus. Pumping test was conducted in well no:3 to assess the hydraulic conductivity and calculate other aquifer parameters during 2005. A three layer hydro geological model of the aquifer was applied in Visual Modflow ver 4.1 environment and the model fit was 84% between observed and predicted values (R² = 0.844). Significant increase in water level in the top aquifer during 2007 was recorded when compared to 2004. The flow profiles in the middle and deep aquifer showed responses, through changes in the direction of flow to the pumping wells (5, 6 in 2004 and 2, 3 in 2007). In 2007, with improved recharge, changes in the direction of groundwater flow and discharge of water from the aquifer in the southern part of the campus can be noticed. The flow directions in the three aquifer layers also indicated that the northern part of the study area serves as an effective recharge zone for the St Peter's Engineering College Campus. Rainwater harvesting and recharge studies form important part in groundwater restoration and management in intensely urbanized cities/townships.

Keywords

Rainwater Harvesting Methods, Aquifer Recharge, Groundwater Flow, Aquifer Test Pro, Visual Modflow

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K. Karunakaran ¹, R. Krishnan ¹

Affiliations
1 University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MY

Abstract

Particles can be found in noun morphological forms and verb morphological forms to denote meaning in wider and deeper contexts. The aim of this study is to identify all those particles in modern Tamil and classify them based on their occurrence in morphological forms and phrases and explain their contextual/functional significance and explain their functional importance in achieving adequacy and coherency in language structure and language use with reference to modern standard Tamil focusing on competence and performance of the language users.

Keywords

Accent, Appropriateness, Coherency, Cohesiveness, Competence, Inflected Forms, Morphological Forms, Pitch, Syntactico-Semantic Relation, Tone.

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K. Karunakaran ¹, M. Chandrasekaran ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vels University, Chennai - 600117, Tamil Nadu

Abstract

Objectives: To optimize the Material Removal Rate, Surface Rougness and Tool Wear Rate in Powder Mixed Electrical Discharge Machining (PMEDM) of Incony 800 and to prepare parameter chart card for the Manufacturer to choose required parameter based on the job requirements and cost estimation etc. Methods/Analysis: The purpose of powder mix in a dielectric is to improve the machining performance, in which the powder material’s, size, concentration and its base fluids are greatly influenced in machining performance. Hence this research is focused on study the influence of Nano-Powders with selected concentration in PMEDM of Incony 800 with silver coated electrolyte copper electrode. so the Taguchi full factorial Design is employed for the Nano-Powders of Aluminum, silicon and Multi-Wall Carbon Nano Tubes and No Powder mixed condition (conventional dielectric) were considered for investigation Findings: The Powder mixed electrical discharge machining (PMEDM) is mostly encounter choice in machining hard material to obtain a superior finish with accurately. The Nano-powder of Multi-Wall Carbon Nano Tubes (MWCNTs) outperforms than other Nano-Powders. The results were compared to conventional EDM and Nano-Power Mixed EDM (NPMEDM). The NPMEDM reduced the Tool Wear Rate (TWR) average percentage of 11.91%, 20.72% and 31.71%, the percentage of surface roughness reduction are 9.58%, 22.00% and 28.93% and the material removal rate improvement are 17.70%, 31.62% and 47.03% than Conventional EDM by Aluminum NPMEDM, Silicon NPMEDM and MWCNTs NPMEDM respectively. Application/Improvement: The study is unique by using nanopowders of MWCNTs, Al, Si mixed in Kerosine and servotherm oil enriched dielectric fluid for machining Nickel based super alloy like Incony 800. Here the EDM and PMEDM performances were evaluated experimentally and compared. No statistical and approximation were used. The unique approach of preparation of parameter card was introduced.

Keywords

NPMEDM, EDM, Tool wear rate, Material Removal Rate, Surface Roughness, nanopowders.

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K. Karunakaran ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Linguistics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Language has two sides from the points of view of its structure and use since it has social and functional significance in its everyday application. The significance and relevance are interdependent, as one cannot think of a language without a society by which it is used, and vice versa. The functional aspect of language is imperative in the formal and informal contexts starting from the home domain. Mainly, there are two styles of language a human being possesses - 'careful speech style' and 'casual speech style' - which is chosen contextually. Language has a well defined structure but for a few exceptions. These structural similarities and distinctive variations/differences have to be explicitly made known to the learners especially in ELT or TLT.

Keywords

CALL, Cohesion, Coherence, Contextual Meaning, F-Fu-M Relationship, Lexical Meaning.

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