Informatics Publishing Limited

K. Gopalakrishnan ¹, T. Jeyadoss ¹, V. Manivannan ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Chemistry and Biosciences, SRC Campus, SASTRA University, Kumbakonam, Tamil nadu, IN
2 Department of Research and Development, PRIST University, Thanjavur. Tamil nadu, IN

Abstract

This paper presents the performance of the low cost adsorbent coconut fiber in removing the heavy metals such as Zn(II), Cu(II) and Cr(VI) from textile dye effluent. Biosorption studies were carried out for various parameters such as adsorbent dosage, pH and contact time. The maximum removal of heavy metal ions from the textile dye effluent using activated coconut fiber was evaluated successfully through the percentage of seed germination of Vigna mungo L. with the treated adsorbents.

Keywords

Biosorption, Zn(II), Cu(II), Cr(VI), Activated Coconut Fiber, Textile Dye Effluent, Seed Germination, Vigna Mungo L.

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R. S. David Paul Raj ¹, Sheena Michael Morais ², K. Gopalakrishnan ¹

Affiliations
1 Center for Research and Development, PRIST University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, IN
2 Dept. of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai, IN

Abstract

The bottle brush tree, Callistemon citrinus is a shrub that is nearing extinction. An attempt to revive this plant and propagate it in vitro has been performed for large scale production. Calli cultured on MS medium with different combinations of cytokinins and auxins viz. 1.0 mg/l Kinetin along with 1.0 mg/l IAA; 1.5 mg/l Kinetin along with 1.0 mg/l IAA; 1.0 mg/l Kinetin along with 1.0 mg/l IBA, and 2.0 mg/l Kinetin along with 1.5 mg/l IBA. All combinations were very effective in inducing callus. 0.5 mg/l kinetin along with 0.5 mg/l IAA was very effective for shoot regeneration and shoot elongation. The developed shoots when transferred to MS medium, supplemented with 1.5mg/l IBA, shows ischolar_main development within a week. Axillary bud proliferation is also observed in the explants inoculated in MS medium supplemented with combinations of kinetin and IAA.

Keywords

Callistemon citrinus, Indole Acetic Acid (IAA), Indole Butyric Acid ((IBA), Benzyl Amino Purine(BAP)

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M. Prem Jeya Kumar ¹, J. Sandeep Anand ², K. Gopalakrishnan ³, B. Satheesh ³, R. Anbazhagan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Automobile Engineering, Bharath University, Chennai-73
2 Department of Computer Science Engineering, Bharath University, Chennai-73
3 Bharath University, Chennai-73

Abstract

The purpose of computer modeling of a vehicle system is to develop basic methods for computer formulation and solution of the equations of motion. This requires systematic techniques for formulating the equations and numerical methods for solving them. The computer program developed here for the analysis of vehicle system dynamics is a special purpose program. It deals with only a specific type of application say lateral stability or dynamic response. The equations of motion for that particular application are derived a priori and then formulated into the program. As input to the program, the various data's like, mass of the entire vehicle, sprung mass, unstrung mass etc., the initial values of parameters of a vehicle system have been provided. Such a special purpose program can be made computationally efficient and its storage requirement can be minimized with the result that it will be suitable for implementation on small personal computers.

Keywords

Dynamics, Linear Modeling, Sprung Mass, Unstrung Mass, Subroutine Mod, Stiffness

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M. Prem Jeya Kumar ¹, K. Gopalakrishnan ², V. Srinivasan ¹, R. Anbazhagan ¹, J. Sundeep Aanand ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Automobile Engineering, Bharath University, Chennai-73
2 Department of Electronics, Bharath University, Chennai-73
3 Department of Computer Science Engineering, Bharath University, Chennai-73

Abstract

The car suspension system of this model contains two parts. The first part deals with the formulation of a mathematical model for a conventional full car passive suspension system. Typically, the mathematical modeling is done on the basis of mechanical network analysis. The second part deals with simulation of the mathematical model of the suspension system. Simulation is carried out using MATLAB. Program was carried out for MATLAB and the simulation results were obtained in the form of graphical plots.

Keywords

Passive Suspension Sprung Mass, Unsprung Mass, Dampers, Spring

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R. Anbazhagan ¹, B. Satheesh ², K. Gopalakrishnan ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Automobile Engineering, Bharath University, Chennai-73
2 Department of ECE, Bharath University, Chennai-73
3 Department of ECE, Bharath University, Chennai-73

Abstract

In India Automobiles provide a vital infrastructure for the growth of industry and agriculture. Human civilization has inevitably relied on substantial movement of passengers and goods in a speedy manner and the volume of this has gone up enormously with massive rise in population and economic activity. The demand of higher operating speeds, greater axle loads, better riding comfort and more running safety has attracted the attention of professional talents to give a serious thought to the problem of vehicle system dynamics and to devise ways and means to achieve the above requirements through effective methods. At present, the researchers are trying to develop mathematical and computer models, which not only provide a more exact simulation but enable studies to be carried out on stability or response, comfort and optimization of the design characteristics of various components of the vehicle system. Vehicle dynamics, stability deals with the study of vehicle in motion under the action of various forces. Any vehicle comprises of linear as well as angular movements along and about the three mutually perpendicular coordinate directions x, y, z. The linear movements are longitudinal, lateral and vertical displacements and the angular movements are rolling, pitching and yawing respectively for x, y, z directions.

Keywords

Vehicle Stability, Linear Movements, Simulation, Optimization, Vehicle Dynamics

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K. Gopalakrishnan ¹, M. Prem Jeya Kumar ², J. Sundeep Aanand ³, R. Udayakumar ⁴

Affiliations
1 Electronics Communication Engineering, Bharath University, Chennai-600073, IN
2 Automobile Engineering, Bharath University, Chennai, IN
3 Computer Science Engineering, Bharath University, Chennai, IN
4 Information Technology, Bharath University, Chennai, IN

Abstract

The thermal properties of doped Azopolyester were obtained by solution casting technique. Many theories have been suggested by various thermal stability mechanisms in organic solids. Since the polymers of the present study behave like semiconductors, these theories may be extended to explain thermal stability. In this section, the thermal stability theories proposed by O'Dwyer, TGA analysis, and measurements were discussed. The thermal stability properties reveal that the conductivity is appreciable in the temperature ranging from 30°C to 70°C (303 to 343K) and when it is more than 70°C (343 K) the conductivity is drastically reduced and polymeric blends undergo a gradual weight loss in the temperature ranging from 400-800°C due to attributed loss of volatile solvents trapped in the polymer. These studies are done with the help of O'Dwyer basic theory of thermal stability.

Keywords

TGA, Thermal Properties, Azopolyester, Conductivity, TGA Analysis

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K. Gopalakrishnan , M. Prem Jeya Kumar , J. Sundeep Aanand , R. Udayakumar

Abstract

Theoretical and experimental investigations on the optical behavior of thin films mainly deal with band gap, optical reflection, transmission, absorption and their relation to the optical constants. The optical transmittance spectra are recorded from 100 to 1000nm wavelength using a Hitachi UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometer (Model-JASCO V-570) using a doped Azopolyester thin films were observed. Unpolarized radiation at room temperature with a resolution of 2nm was used in this study. Unpolarized radiation at room temperature with a resolution of 2nm was used in this study. The measurements were made on films of typical uniform thickness of 5μm deposited on glass substrate. The substrate absorption was corrected by introducing an uncoated cleaned glass substrate in the reference beam. The study of optical absorption / transmittance is a useful method for the investigation of optically induced transitions which provide information on the band structure and energy gap in both crystalline and non-crystalline materials. Finally optical applications of doped Azopolyester in fiber optic cable were used in telecommunication is discussed.

Keywords

Optical Parameters, Doped Azopolyester, Band Gap, Lattice Bonding, Band Structure

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T. M. Ganesan ¹, K. Gopalakrishnan ¹, R. Renganathan ¹, S. S. Sivasankaran ¹

Affiliations
1 Geological Survey of India, Inner Ring Road, Guindy Industrial Estate, Chennai 600032, IN

Abstract

A sheath fold with inverted hinge is recorded within the charnockite exposed around Nekkanamalai in the Southern Granulite Terrain. The area lies within the NNE-trending Gudiyatham-Bhavani Straight Belt (GBSB) bounded on either side by two distinctly different tectono-stratigraphic terranes brought into juxtaposition along major tectonic contacts. Such folds are known in regions of re-folding, with later folding events of high intensity at high angles to the earlier folds, as well as in shear zones, where the direction of shear is subparallel to the sheath axes. The sheath fold in the area is interpreted to be due to superposed folding resulting from the complicated pattern of deformation produced during the welding of different terranes along the GBSB, which had brought about not only plunge reversals but also plunge inversion of the earlier folds.

Keywords

Structural Geology, Sheath Fold, Granulite Belt, Tamil Nadu.

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K. Gopalakrishnan ¹, S. Badrinarayanan ¹, K. S. Subramanian ¹

Affiliations
1 Geological Survey of India, IN

Abstract

No Abstract.

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K. Gopalakrishnan ¹, K. S. Subramanian ²

Affiliations
1 '"Harikesa", 30/6, (Old No.41/6), 3rd main Road, Raja Annamalai Puram, Chennai - 600 028, IN
2 plot 283, 17 East Street, Kamaraj Nagar, Tiruvanmiyur, Chennai - 600 041, IN

Abstract

In a Palaeo-Tectonic-Domain based classification involving an evolutionary model of '"Terrane-Terrane amalgamation through "Palaeo-sutures" for the Southern Granulite Terrain (SGT), India, the alkaline-carbonatite and related rocks fall within three distinct domain groups viz., Group 1 - "Within Micro-terrancs", Group 2 - "Along the Margins of Micro-Terranes with palaeo-sutures" and Group 3 - "Within Palaeo-sutures". These Late Proterozoic to Early Palaeozoic alkaline and related rocks of SGT falling within the above three groups have inherited the geochemical attributes of their respective Archaean Palaeo-Domains and fall in the fields of such domains in many of the tectonic discriminant plots used and studied by various workers in the different sectors of SGT. Such inheritance of Palaeo-Domain characteristics points to the validity of both the terrane amalgamation through Palaeo-Sutures evolutionary model for SGT as well as the Tectanic-Domain-Based classification of the alkaline related rocks of SGT. It also adds further support to the interpretation of crustal contamination in the genesis and emplacement of alkaline and related rocks in SGT, as deduced from other sources such as field relationships, petrographic criteria etc., while evidences from isotopic signatures are inconclusive.

Keywords

Alkaline Complexes, Genesis, Southern Granulite Terrain, Inherited Geochemistry, Crustal Contamination, South India.

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K. S. Subramanian , K. Gopalakrishnan

Abstract

No Abstract.

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J. Charlesbabu ¹, K. Gopalakrishnan ², M. Elango ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics, SNR Sons College, Coimbatore - 641044, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Electronics, Bharth University, Chennai –600073, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Department of Physics, PSGCAS, Coimbatore - 641014, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Pure and cadmium (Cd²⁺) doped zinc oxide (ZnO) were prepared by programmable microcontroller assisted spin coating unit using organometallic precursor. The pure and doped ZnO thin films were deposited on well glass substrate at 1500 rpm under alkaline condition. 400ºC sintered films were characterized for their structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties using X-ray diffraction method, scanning electron microscopy, UV-visible absorption method and DC measurements respectively. Hexagonal wurtzite phase with multiple faceted growths was witnessed for pristine film. Without alteration in the phase but dopant induced small variation in the position of prominent peaks were shown by Cd doped ZnO thinfilms. The dopant induced island growth and increasing roughness were clearly unveiled via SEM analysis. Variation in the structure and shape of the optical absorption peak reveal the varying crystallite size in accordance with dopant concentration. The electrical measurements showed that the doping process enhance the conducting property of the films. On comparison 6% Cd doped ZnO films exhibit good conductivity than other films.

Keywords

Cd Doped ZnO Thin Films, Electrical Analysis, Optical Properties, Spin Coating, Structural Analysis.

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K. S. Subramanian ¹, K. Gopalakrishnan ²

Affiliations
1 Plot 283, 17th East Street, Kamraj Nagar, Tiruvanmiyur, Chennai - 600 041, IN
2 30,3rd Main Road, Chennai - 600 028, IN

Abstract

The earth tremors experienced in Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry on the 26^th September 2001, is discussed on the basis of the evolution of the geological and structural setup in the coastal region, consequent on the separation of Antarctica from India in the geological past. Subsurface data obtained by drilling in the Cauvery basin bear out the definition of a number of NE-SW to NNE-SSW fault bounded ridges and depressions extending from land into the offshore area. The stupendous thickness of sediments in the structures is suggestive of the sagging of the Precambrian crystalline basement and the release of strain in the process is ostensibly manifested as earth tremors. The reported occurrence of volcanic activity off the coast and the occurrence of thermal water in deep boreholes drilled in the coastal region, both falling within the NE-SW to NNE-SSE fault system, suggest that the weak fault planes in the crust provided channel ways for the eruption of magma and dissipation of subsurface heat.

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S. Kanimozhi ¹, K. Gopalakrishnan ²

Affiliations
1 SNR Sons College, Nava India Bus Stop, Between Fun Mall and Lakshmi Mills, Avinashi Road, Coimbatore - 641 006, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Bharath University,173, Agharam Road, Selaiyur, Chennai - 600 073, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Background/Objectives: To design an automated embedded based flexible flying probe for testing PCB bare board more accurately which is one of the toughest challenge in manual testing. Methods/Statistical Analysis: Embedded based flexible flying probe can precisely position a probe on test points with high accurateness achieved by means of microstepping motors and linear laser encoders. The probe is moved horizontally and vertically based on the command passed by stepper motor which in-turn get the information from the prototype in format of Gerber file. First the flying probe checks the connectivity between two points then if the connectivity is good it will check the next track. Findings: This novel invention of flying probes are developed from new-fangled and novel thought intended to produce fasten testing speed, improved access, and enhanced error coverage. During the testing process if the machine determines some problem in the connectivity, it read the problem and send the error report on the PC display. From the error report, we can identify the fault placed in the PCB. A log file with test results is generated & stored on the PC. Fault details are sent to display unit of PC. The PC displays the matching accuracy and fault detection. The experimental result was conducted on 3 different PCB Bare board and the testing result shows the 92% accuracy and 18% false detection rate. It is compared with the jig board tester which produces less result compared to the proposed technique. The chief confront of this proposal is low down equipment and dispensation cost, absolute testing accurateness and capability to position close to faults and faults that may source irregular breakdowns. Applications/Improvements: This machine can be used for testing any type of PCB board. This proposed work develops a smart flying probe to test PCB which will significantly decrease test times therefore increasing productivity.

Keywords

Embedded, Automatic, Flying Probe, Micro Stepping Motors, Printed Circuit Board (PCB).

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