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K. Gopal ¹

Affiliations
1 Ramakrishna Mission Hospital, Vrindavan, (mathura), U. P., IN

Abstract

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Keywords

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Suresh Kumar ¹, P. R. Salve ², K. Gopal ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Zoology, C.R.M. Jat (P.G.) College, Hisar-125001, IN
2 National Environmental Engineering Research Centre, Nagpur (M.S), IN
3 The Academy of Environmental Biology, Lucknow, IN

Abstract

The rainwater samples were collected on event basis during June-July-August-2012 and were analyzed for pH, major anions (Cl, NO₃, SO₄) and cations (Ca, Mg, Na, K, NH₄). The pH value varied from 6.0 to 3 4 4 7.2 indicating alkaline nature of rainwater. The pH of the rainwater was found well above the reference pH (5.6), showing alkalinity during the monsoon season. The average and standard deviation of ionic composition was found to be 98.1±9.8 l eq L-1. The total anions contribute 48% and cations 52%, respectively to rainwater. Neutralization factors (NF) followed a sequence of NFCaNFMg (NFNH₄) with factors of 1.1, 0.36 4 and 0.16 indicating the crystal components are responsible for neutralization of anions. The average ratio of (NO₃+ Cl)/SO₄ observed as 1.2 indicates that nitric and hydrochloric acid influences the acidity of rainwater. 3 4 The ratio of NH₄/NO₃ and NH₄/SO₄ was observed as 0.7 and 0.3 thus indicates that the possible compounds which may predominate in the atmosphere are NH₄NO₃ and (NH₄)₂SO₄. Ionic correlation was established to 4 3 4 2 4 identify sources of origin. A good correlation was seen between Ca and Mg (r = 0.98); suggesting the common occurrence of these ions from crustal origin. Similarly, the acidic ions SO₄ and NO₃ correlated well (r = 70) indicating their origin from similar sources. Other relatively significant correlations were observed between Ca and SO₄ (r=0.93), Mg and SO₄ (r=0.76), Ca and NO₃ (r=0.07), Ca and Cl (r=0.28) and Mg and Cl (r=0.32), and Mg and NO₃ (r=0.69). The observed rainwater ratio of Cl/Na (1.4) is closer to that of seawater ratio (1.18) 3 indicates fractionation of sea-salt and modifications by non-marine constituents as the site is 2040 km away from the sea coast. The nss-Ca contribution was observed as 95.7% suggesting their crustal origin whereas nss-Mg and nss-K shows their contribution as 86.8% and 83.9% indicating influence of soil sources. The nss-SO₄ contributed as 86.7% shows anthropogenic origin.

Keywords

Anthropogenic, Sea Water, Anion, Cation, pH, Rainwater, Fractionation.

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M. Kavitha ¹, K. Gopal ¹, S. K. Ahammed ¹, Y. Sreenivasulu ¹, P. Madhusudhan ¹

Affiliations
1 All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Citrus Acharya N. G Ranga Agricultural University Tirupati 51 7 502, Andhra Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Dry ischolar_main-rot of acid lime caused by Fusarium solani was effectively reduced (>70%) In pot culture studies by application of Trichoderma viride isolates (T₂ and T₄) @100 g/kg soil.

Keywords

Acid Lime, Bio-Control, Dry ischolar_main-rot, Fusarium solani, Trichoderma.

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Shashikant Trivedi ¹, K. Gopal ², Jaswant Singh ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Environmental Science, S. R. Institute of Management and Technology, Lucknow – 227 202, IN
2 Aquatic Toxicology Division, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow - 226 001, IN
3 Department of Environmental Science, Dr. RML Avadh University, Faizabad - 224 001, IN

Abstract

The river at its origin known as "Bhagirathi" attains the title "Ganga" after its confluence with Alaknanda, originates from the snout of Gangotri glacier. Water samples were collected from the selected sites from Gaumukh to Haridwar (2000-2001) for two seasons (pre-monsoon and post-monsoon) and analyzed for various physico-chemical characteristics. The pH, nitrate (NO₃), conductance, chloride, alkalinity, total hardness, fluoride, sulphate and total dissolved solids were found to be in the ranges of 6.0-7.6, 0.225-10.6 mg/l, 73.0-978 μmhos, 5.0-70.0 mg/l, 15-90 mg/l, 10.0-250.0 mg/l, 0.23-1.60 mg/l, 12.0-150.0 mg/l and 37.0-190.6 mg/l respectively.

Keywords

Meltwater, Hydrochemistry, Bhagirathi, Gangotri Glacier, Uttaranchal.

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M. Lakshmi Naga Nandini ¹, C. H. Ruth ¹, K. Gopal ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Plant Pathology, College of Horticulture, Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural University, Anantharajupeta (A.P.), IN
2 Department of Plant Pathology, Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural University, Venkataramannagudem (A.P.), IN

Abstract

Field screening studies were conducted over a period of one year i.e. 2016-2017 in augmented block design with 120 available germplasm lines of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) at College of Horticulture, Anantharajupeta. These lines were screened against the rhizome rot caused by Pythium graminicolum and Fusarium solani under natural conditions. The severity of rhizome rot is ranged from 0.00 to 92.86 per cent irrespective cultures screened. Among the germplasm cultures screened, cultures like IC-319341, Tenali Kasturi, VK-23, GS, IC-420606, IC-033007, IC-211641, PTS-8, Vikici, Dhindigam, ACC-48, Sonia, NB-60, Kasturi in short duration group, Prathibha, Thodupuztha, KTS-9, Prasangali, ACC-79 in medium duration group and NH-1, Ranga, Salem, Salem-2, Wagon, PTS-12, CL-8, CL-9, CL-10, CL-3, CL-4 in long duration group were resistant to rhizome rot showed 0.0% diseases incidence. More disease incidence (susceptible reaction) of rhizome rot was observed in long duration group.

Keywords

Germplasm, Rhizome Rot, Turmeric, Varieties, Screening, Resistant.

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