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Dhileepan, K.
- Current Status of Parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus Linn.) Biological Control in Australia
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Biosecurity Queensland, Ecosciences Precinct, GPO Box 267 Boggo Road, Qld 4001, AU
2 PO Box 88, Mt Ommaney Qld 4074, AU
1 Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Biosecurity Queensland, Ecosciences Precinct, GPO Box 267 Boggo Road, Qld 4001, AU
2 PO Box 88, Mt Ommaney Qld 4074, AU
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 26, No 2 (2012), Pagination: 31-36Abstract
Current status of Parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus Linn.) biological control in Australia Parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus Linn.), an annual herbaceous plant native to the tropical Americas, is a weed of national significance in Australia. A major biological control program against parthenium in Australia commenced in 1977 and since then nine insect species and two rust fungi have been introduced into Australia. The stem-galling weevil, Conotrachelus albocinereus Deejan, the ischolar_main-feeding clear-wing moth, Carmenta near ithacae, and the summer rust Puccinia xanthii var. parthenii hysterophorae were the last three agents released. All agents established at some localities and seven are now widespread. Only the stem-galling moth Epiblema strenuana (Walker) is both widespread and damaging, occurring in all parthenium-infested areas in Australia at high population levels. In central Queensland the leaf-feeding beetle, Zygogramma bicolorata Pallister and stem-boring weevil, Listronotus setosipennis (Hustache) are also widespread and effective, while C. sp. nr. ithacae is at the early stages of field establishment and dispersal. In northern Queensland, E. strenuana and P. xanthii var. parthenii-hysterophorae are the only prominent agents. The combined impact of these agents has resulted in significant reductions in the abundance and impact of parthenium in most situations and seasons, though serious infestations can still occur. Not all potential agents have been properly investigated, and some additional agents known to be host specific in the native range warrant further investigation.Keywords
Pathenium hysterophorus, Biological Control, Australia.Full Text
References
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- The Leaf-Feeding Geometrid Isturgia disputaria (Guenee)-A Potential Biological Control Agent for Prickly acacia, Vachellia nilotica subsp. indica (Benth.) Kyal. & Boatwr. (Mimosaceae) in Australia
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641002, IN
2 Ecosciences Precinct, Biosecurity Queensland, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries & Forestry, 41 Boggo Road, Dutton Park, Qld 4001, AU
1 Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641002, IN
2 Ecosciences Precinct, Biosecurity Queensland, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries & Forestry, 41 Boggo Road, Dutton Park, Qld 4001, AU
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 28, No 2 (2014), Pagination: 81–86Abstract
Prickly acacia (Vachellia nilotica subsp. indica), a native multipurpose tree in India, is a weed of National significance, and a target for biological control in Australia. Based on plant genetic and climatic similarities, native range surveys for identifying potential biological control agents for prickly acacia were conducted in India during 2008-2011. In the survey leaf-feeding geometrid, Isturgia disputaria Guenee (syn. Tephrina pulinda), widespread in Tamil Nadu and Karnataka States, was prioritized as a potential biological control agent based on field host range, damage potential and no choice test on non target plant species. Though the field host range study exhibited that V. nilotica ssp. indica and V. nilotica ssp. tomentosa were the primary hosts for successful development of the insect, I. disputaria, replicated no - choice larval feeding and development tests conducted on cut foliage and live plants of nine non-target acacia test plant species in India revealed the larval feeding and development on three of the nine non-target acacia species, V. tortilis, V. planiferons and V. leucophloea in addition to the V. nilotica ssp. indica and V. nilotica ssp. tomentosa. However, the proportion of larvae developing into adults was higher on V. nilotica subsp. indica and V. nilotica subsp. tomentosa, with 90% and 80% of the larvae completing development, respectively. In contrast, the larval mortality was higher on V. tortilis (70%), V. leucophloea (90%) and V. planiferons (70%). The no-choice test results support the earlier host specificity test results of I. disputaria from Pakistan, Kenya and under quarantine in Australia. Contrasting results between field host range and host use pattern under no-choice conditions are discussed.Keywords
Prickly Acacia, Acacia nilotica, Native Range Survey, Biological Control, India.Full Text
References
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