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Ayyappan, K.
- Capacity Comparison of WCDMA Network for Different Coding Scheme
Abstract Views :149 |
PDF Views:2
Authors
K. Ayyappan
1,
R. Kumar
2
Affiliations
1 ECE department of Rajiv Gandhi College of Engineering and Technology, Pondicherry, IN
2 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SRM University, Chennai, IN
1 ECE department of Rajiv Gandhi College of Engineering and Technology, Pondicherry, IN
2 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SRM University, Chennai, IN
Source
Wireless Communication, Vol 2, No 2 (2010), Pagination: 41-46Abstract
The wide-band code division multiple access (WCDMA) based 3G and beyond cellular mobile wireless networks are expected to provide a diverse range of multimedia services to mobile users with guaranteed quality of service (QoS). To serve diverse quality of service requirements of these networks it necessitates new radio resource management strategies for effective utilization of network resources with coding schemes. Call admission control (CAC) is a significant component in wireless networks to guarantee quality of service requirements and also to enhance the network resilience. In this paper capacity enhancement for WCDMA network with convolution coding scheme is discussed and compared with Block code and without coding scheme to achieve a better balance between resource utilization and quality of service provisioning. The model of this network is valid for the real-time (RT) and non-real-time (NRT) calls having different data rate. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the network using convolutional code in terms of capacity enhancement and QoS of the voice and data services.
Keywords
Call Admission Control, Wide Band Code Division Multiple Access, Wireless Networks, Quality of Service.
- Capacity Enhancement of WCDMA Network Using Utility based CAC Scheme with AMR for different Decoding Scheme
Abstract Views :168 |
PDF Views:2
Authors
K. Ayyappan
1,
R. Kumar
2
Affiliations
1 ECE Department of Rajiv Gandhi College of Engineering and Technology, Pondicherry, IN
2 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SRM University, Chennai, IN
1 ECE Department of Rajiv Gandhi College of Engineering and Technology, Pondicherry, IN
2 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SRM University, Chennai, IN
Source
Networking and Communication Engineering, Vol 5, No 11 (2013), Pagination: 489-494Abstract
The wide-band code division multiple access (WCDMA) based 3G and beyond cellular mobile wireless networks are expected to provide a diverse range of multimedia services to mobile users with guaranteed quality of service (QoS). To serve diverse quality of service requirements of these networks a new radio resource management strategies for effective utilization of network resources is required. For that Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) will be used for voice applications in universal mobile telecommunication System (UMTS) systems where high spectral efficiency and system stability are required while guaranteeing a good speech quality. To investigate the trade-off between the system resource utilization and the provided quality of voice services, by proposing a method that considers both aspects of quality and capacity for the optimal assignment of speech data rates in 3rd generation cellular systems in this paper. So a new Call Admission Control (CAC) scheme is proposed to enhance capacity of WCDMA network based on the utilization services with AMR for different decision decoder. The model of this network is valid for the real-time (RT) and non-real-time (NRT) calls having different data rate. Simulation results demonstrate the capacity of the network using utility based CAC scheme with soft decision decoder is higher than that of hard decision decoder.Keywords
Call Admission Control, Wide Band Code Division Multiple Access, Wireless Networks, Quality of Service.- Handover Initiation in 3G/WLAN Integrated Networks
Abstract Views :233 |
PDF Views:2
Authors
Affiliations
1 ECE Department of Rajiv Gandhi College of Engineering and Technology, Pondicherry, IN
2 Electronics and Communication Engineering Department of Sri Manakula Vinayagar College of Engineering and Technology, Pondicherry, IN
3 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SRM University, Chennai, IN
1 ECE Department of Rajiv Gandhi College of Engineering and Technology, Pondicherry, IN
2 Electronics and Communication Engineering Department of Sri Manakula Vinayagar College of Engineering and Technology, Pondicherry, IN
3 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SRM University, Chennai, IN
Source
Networking and Communication Engineering, Vol 2, No 2 (2010), Pagination: 36-41Abstract
Next generation wireless network is envisioned as a convergence of different wireless access technologies providing the user best connection any where any time to improve the systems resource utilization. In such converged systems, the heterogeneous co-existence of access technologies with largely different characteristics results in handoff asymmetry that differs from traditional intra-network handoff (horizontal handoff) problem. The seamless and efficient handoff between different access technologies (vertical handoff) is essential and remains a challenging problem. The parameters measured to determine handoff are received signal strength, signal to noise ratio and bit error rate. In this paper, an analytical framework to evaluate the performance of vertical handover between wireless access networks in terms of received signal strength, is validated by simulation. It is likely that WLAN will become an important complementary technology to 3G cellular systems and typically used to provide hotspot coverage where there is a high density of users.Keywords
Heterogeneous Wireless Networks, Wireless LAN, Hiperlan, Handoff, Path Loss, Received Signal Strength.- Design of Slotted H-Shaped Patch Antenna with Dumbbell Shaped DGS for 3.5 GHz WiMAX Applications
Abstract Views :227 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
E. Aravindraj
1,
K. Ayyappan
1
Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi College of Engineering and Technology, Puducherry, IN
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi College of Engineering and Technology, Puducherry, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Innovations and Developments, Vol 5, No 2 (2016), Pagination: 1-6Abstract
Objectives: To improve the antenna parameters for 3.5GHz WiMAX frequency by introducing slotted H-shaped patch with Dumbbell (H) shaped Defective Ground Surface (DGS).
Methods/analysis: In wireless communication, microstrip patch antennas are playing a vital role in various wireless applications. Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) has been widely used in voice, data, video and internet access. WiMAX can able to provide above 100Mbps data rates.
Findings: The proposed antenna has symmetrical properties and has been designed by a dumbbell (H) shaped DGS on Flame Retardant-4 (FR-4) substrate fed up by microstrip feeding. The dimension of the designed antenna is 29×35×1.56mm. It radiates at 3.5GHz WiMAX frequency.
Improvements/Applications: The designed antenna offers improved antenna parameters for 3.5 GHz WiMAX applications.
Keywords
Microstrip Patch Antenna, Slotted H-Shaped Patch, Dumbbell (H) Shaped Defective Ground Space, FR-4 Substrate, WiMAX.Full Text
References
- Makhluk Hossain Prio, Md. Mamun Ur Rashid, Liton Chandra Paul, Ajay Krishno Sarkar. Total efficiency comparison of different shaped microstrip patch antennas having defected ground structure. In 2015 International Conference on Electrical & Electronic Engineering (ICEEE), Bangladesh, 2015; 265-268.
- V. Palanisamy, R. Garg. Rectangular ring and H-shaped microstrip antennas–Alternatives to rectangular patch antenna. Electronics Letters. 1985; 21(19), 874-876.
- R. Cai, S. Lin, G. Huang, J. Wang. Simulation and experimental research on the multi-band slot-loaded printed antenna.In 2010 IEEE 12th International Conference on Communication Technology, China, 2010; 500-503.
- Jianling Chen, Kin-Fai Tong, Allann Al Armaghany, Junhong Wang. A dual band dual polarization slot patch antenna for GPS and Wi-Fi applications. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters. 2015; 15, 406-409.
- Merbin John, B.Manoj, G.Jagadish Chandran. Design of a slotted rectangular microstrip patch antenna operated in ISM band using RT-duroid substrate. International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering.2016; 5(S4), 15-21.
- Antonidos G. Sarigiannidis, Petros Nicopolitidis, Georgios. Papadimitriou, Panagiotis G. Sarigiannidis, Malamati D. Louta. On the use of learning automata in tuning the channel split ratio of WiMAX networks. IEEE systems journal. 2015; 9(3), 651-663.
- Punita Mane, S.A. Patil, P.C. Dhanawade. Comparative study of microstrip antenna for different substrate material at different frequencies. International Journal of Emerging Engineering Research and Technology. 2014; 2(9), 18-23.
- Kiran Jain, Keshav Gupta. Different substrates use in microstrip patch antenna-A survey. International Journal of Science and Research. 2014, 3(5), 1-2.
- L.H. Weng, Y.C. Guo, X.W. Shi, X.Q. Chen. An overview on defected ground structure. Progress in Electromagnetic Research, 2008; 7, 173-189.
- C.A. Balanis. Antenna Theory: Analysis and design. 2rd (edn), John Wiley & Sons: US. 2005.
- T.V. Hoang, H.C. Park. Very simple 2.45/3.5/5.8 GHz triple-band circularly polarised printed monopole antenna with bandwidth enhancement. Electronics Letters.2014; 50(24), 1792-1793.
- S. Tignath, L. Shrivastava. Design and analysis of E shaped effected ground antenna using MATLAB. International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science &Technology. 2013; 1(1), 27-29.
- A.S.U. Constantine, A. Balanis. Antenna Theory: analysis and design. 3rd (edn), John Wiley& Sons: US. 2005; 811-882.
- Survey on Slotted H-Shaped MPA Design for Different ISM Band Radio Frequencies
Abstract Views :241 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
E. Aravindraj
1,
K. Ayyappan
1
Affiliations
1 Dept of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi College of Engineering and Technology, Puducherry, IN
1 Dept of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi College of Engineering and Technology, Puducherry, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Innovations and Developments, Vol 5, No 3 (2016), Pagination: 1-5Abstract
Objectives: To improve the parameters of the microstrip patch antenna (MPA) by introducing slotted H-shaped patch with Dumbbell (H) shaped Defective Ground Surface (DGS).
Methods/Statistical analysis: MPA is playing a vital role in various wireless applications such as Wireless local area network (WLAN) and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) which are widely used in mobile devices such as pocket computers, dongles and intelligent phones. However there are some performance degradations in the antenna parameters. Hence in this paper, this problem in the patch antenna will be minimized.
Findings: The designed antenna structure has a slotted H-shaped microstrip patch with dumbbell (H) shaped DGS on the ground plane. Through this type of antenna design for all different ISM frequencies are standardized with the slotted H-shaped MPA compared to other shapes. Thus, this slotted H-shaped antenna is preferable compared the usage of other shaped antenna in various part of the application.
Improvements/Applications: This slotted H-shaped microstrip patch offers improved antenna parameters compared to other shaped patch antenna. It can be used for 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN and 3.5 GHz WiMAX applications is proposed.
Keywords
Microstrip Patch Antenna, Slotted H-Shaped Patch, Dumbbell (H) Shaped Defective Ground Space, FR-4 Substrate.Full Text
References
- Makhluk Hossain Prio, Md. Mamun Ur Rashid, Liton Chandra Paul, Ajay Krishno Sarkar. Total efficiency comparison of different shaped microstrip patch antennas having defected ground structure. In 2015 International Conference on Electrical & Electronic Engineering (ICEEE), Bangladesh, 2015; 265-268.
- Viet Hoang, Tuan Tu Le, Qiu Yu Li, Hyun Chang Park. Quad-band circularly polarized antenna for 2.4/5.3/5.8 GHz WLAN and 3.5 GHz WiMAX application. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters. 2015; 15, 1032-1035.
- R. Cai, S. Lin, G. Huang, J. Wang. Simulation and experimental research on the multi-band slot-loaded printed antenna. In 2010 IEEE 12th International Conference on Communication Technology, China, 2010; 500-503.
- Merbin John, Manoj B, Jagadish Chandran G. Design of a slotted rectangular microstrip patch antenna operated in ISM band using RT-duroid substrate. International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering. 2016; 5(S4), 15-21.
- Jianling Chen, Kin-Fai Tong, Allann Al Armaghany, Junhong Wang. A Dual Band Dual Polarization Slot Patch Antenna for GPS and Wi-Fi Applications. IEEE, September 2015.
- Mrs. Punita Mane, Dr. S.A Patil, P.C. Dhanawade. Comparative study of microstrip antenna for different substrate material at different frequencies. International Journal of Emerging Engineering Research and Technology.2014; 2(9), 18-23.
- Kiran Jain, Keshav Gupta. Different substrates use in microstrip patch antenna-A survey. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR).2014, 3(5), 1-2.
- C.A. Balanis, Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design. 2nd (Edn), John Wiley & Sons. US. 2005.
- L. H. Weng, Y.C. Guo, X.-W. Shi, X.Q. Chen. An overview on defected ground structure. Progress In Electromagnetic Research B.2008; 7, 173-189.
- T. V. Hoang, H. C. Park. Very simple 2.45/3.5/5.8 GHz triple-band circularly polarised printed monopole antenna with bandwidth enhancement. Electronics Letters.2014; 50(24), 1792-1793.
- V. Palanisamy, R. Garg. Rectangular ring and H-shaped microstrip antennas – Alternatives to rectangular patch antenna. Electronics Letters. 1985; 21(19), 874-876.
- S. Verma, P. Kumar. Compact triple-band antenna for WiMAX and WLAN applications. Electronics Letters.2014; 50(7), 484-486.
- Performance Analysis of Rectangular MPA Using Different Substrate Materials for WLAN Application
Abstract Views :270 |
PDF Views:3
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi College of Engineering and Technology, IN
2 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SRM University, IN
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi College of Engineering and Technology, IN
2 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SRM University, IN
Source
ICTACT Journal on Communication Technology, Vol 8, No 1 (2017), Pagination: 1447-1452Abstract
In this paper, a rectangular microstrip patch antenna (MPA) is designed using different substrate materials for analyzing the performance of the MPA. Alumina (Al2O3), Bakelite, Beryllium oxide (BeO), Gallium Arsenide (GaAs), RT-Duroid and Flame Retardant 4 (FR-4) are the six different substrate used in the design. The size of the rectangular microstrip patch antenna varies according to the dielectric constant of substrate materials used. The operating frequency taken for this analysis is 5.8 GHz. The proposed design provides the study on the performance of rectangular microstrip patch antenna for different substrate materials using the same frequency. This study conveys that which substrate material provides better performance. Moreover, this comparative study conveys that which substrate material provides better performance. The simulation parameters are investigated using HFSS.Keywords
Rectangular Microstrip Patch, Substrate Materials, Al2O3, Bakelite, BeO, GaAs, RT-Duroid and FR-4 and HFSS.References
- Constantine A. Balanis, “Antenna Theory Analysis and Design”, 3rd Edition, Wiley, 2015.
- T. Jayachitra, V.K. Pandey and Anshuman Singh, “Design of Microstrip Patch Antenna for WLAN Applications”, International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 17-22, 2014.
- Sant Sharan Shukla, Rahul Kumar Verma and Gurpreet Singh Gohir, “Investigation of the effect of Substrate material on the performance of Microstrip antenna”, Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Reliability, Infocom Technologies and Optimization, pp. 1-3, 2015.
- Amba Srivastava and Nandita Pradhan, “Analysis of Different Substrate Material and Frequency on Microstrip Patch Antenna”, International Journal of Electronics, Electrical and Computational System, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 58-64, 2017.
- Gurpreet Kaur and Sonia Goyal, “To Study the Effect of Substrate Material for Microstrip Patch Antenna”, International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology, Vol. 36, No. 9, pp. 490-493, 2016.
- Sagar D. Mahamine, Rahul S. Parbat, Shekhar H. Bodake and Mahesh P. Aher, “Effects of Different Substrates on Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for S-band”, International Conference on Automatic Control and Dynamic Optimization Techniques, pp. 1146-1145, 2016.
- Saad Hassan Kiani, Khalid Mahmood, Umar Farooq Khattak, Burhan-Ud-Din and Mehre Munir, “U Patch Antenna using Variable Substrates for Wireless Communication Systems”, International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, Vol. 7, No. 12, pp. 286-291, 2016.
- Munira Bano, A.K. Rastogi and Shanu Sharma, “Design and Simulation of Microstrip Patch Antenna using Different Substrates”, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering and Technology, Vol. 3, No. 11, pp. 3871-3875, 2014.
- Trupti Ingale, Chaitali Ingale, A.A. Trikolikar, Gunjan Rathore and P.C. Latane, “Effect of Different Substrate Material on Performance of H Shaped Patch Antenna”, International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, Vol. 2, No. 11, pp. 1-2, 2014.
- Kolli Venkatrao and S.S. Mohan Reddy, “Design and Performance Analysis of Microstrip Patch Antenna using Different Dielectric Substrates”, International Journal of Electronics and Communication, Vol. 2, No. 11, pp. 26-35, 2014.
- Tilak Mukherjee, P. Venkat Rao, M.V.L. Bhavani and Abhishek Kumar Sinha, “Microstrip Patch Antenna Characteristics using Different Dielectric Substrates”, International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Vol. 4, No. 5, pp. 3813-3818, 2015.
- Punita Mane, S.A. Patil and P.C. Dhanawade, “Comparative Study of Microstrip Antenna for Different Subsrtate Material at Different Frequencies”, International Journal of Emerging Engineering Research and Technology, Vol. 2, No. 9, pp. 18-23, 2014.
- A.A. Qureshi, M.U. Afzal, T. Taqueer and M.A. Tarar, “Performance Analysis of FR-4 Substrate for High Frequency Microstrip Antennas”, Proceedings of China Japan Joint Microwave Conference, 2011.
- Kiran Jain and Keshav Gupta, “Different Substrates use in Microstrip Patch Antenna-A Survey”, International Journal of Science and Research, Vol. 3, No. 5, pp. 1802-1803, 2014
- Chidre Sagar Ram and V.M. Dhede, “Gain Improvement Techniques for Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for different Frequencies”, International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas in Education, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 475-480, 2016.
- Pradeep Kumar Sharma, Ritesh Saraswat and Jitendra Jangir, “Performance Analysis of Square Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna for S Band Application”, International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research, Vol. 03, No. 10, pp. 123-127, 2016.
- R. Prasad Rao, Budumuru Srinu and C. Dharma Raj, “Design and Analysis of Multi Substrate Microstrip Patch Antenna”, Microelectronics, Electromagnetics and Telecommunications, Vol. 372, pp. 733-739, 2015.
- Design And Analysis of Koch Fractal Antenna for Wlan Applications
Abstract Views :142 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi College of Engineering College, IN
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi College of Engineering College, IN
Source
ICTACT Journal on Microelectronics, Vol 6, No 2 (2020), Pagination: 923-927Abstract
In this paper, a Koch fractal antenna is designed for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) applications. Koch snowflake design is symmetrical and self-similar structure that induces space filling capability and improves the surface current on the antenna. The overall fractal antenna structure consist of a copper foils (Patch and Ground Plane) mounted on either sides of the dielectric material (Flame Retardant-4 (FR-4) with permittivity εr =4.4 and loss tangent δ=0.02). The antenna is fed using a microstrip line feed. The dimensions of the Koch fractal antenna are 30x30x1.6mm3 which is compact sized design made on High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) platform. The simulation outputs are internally compared with different iterations implemented on the patch using Iterated Function System (IFS) and the difference in the radiating frequency, return loss, bandwidth, gain and directivity of all three different iterations. The resonating frequency for three iterations ranges from 5.8GHz to 7.47GHz which can be used in WLAN applications. Thus, the proposed Koch snowflake fractal antenna design provides improvements in the antenna parameters on increasing scale of iteration such as S11 from -21.35dB to -36.32dB, average gain of 3dB and Impedance Bandwidth of 25.90%.Keywords
Antenna Design, FR-4, Ground Plane, Koch Snowflake, Patch, WLAN Application.- A Compact Octagonal Patch Antenna With U-Shaped Slot and DGS For UWB Applications
Abstract Views :98 |
PDF Views:1
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi College of Engineering College, IN
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi College of Engineering College, IN
Source
ICTACT Journal on Communication Technology, Vol 13, No 2 (2022), Pagination: 2668-2672Abstract
In this article, an octagonal patch antenna with U-shaped slot for UWB application is proposed. The antenna consists of a three-layered section such as patch, Substrate and Ground. Here, Patch and Ground are the perfectly conducting foil mounted on a Flame Retardant 4 (FR -4) dielectric material whose permittivity Ɛr = 4.4 and loss tangent δ = 0.002. The radiating element and ground are fed through a microstrip line using a Lumped Port. A U- shaped slot is etched on the center of patch to disseminate the surface current throughout the patch whose sectional area is 15 x 15 mm2. Also, a Defective ground Structure is introduced in the ground plane which is provides broadened bandwidth, enriched gain, improvises the radiation characteristics of the antenna with mutual coupling between the proximate sectional areas. The complete measurement of the proposed antenna is 28 x 28 x 1.6 mm3. The antenna is design and analyzed using High Frequency Simulator software (HFSS) platform. The simulated outputs of the antenna such as Reflection Co-efficient, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), Fractional Bandwidth (FBW), Peak Gain, Radiating Efficiency and Impedance Matching are obtained and compare with the existing designs. Thus, the proposed antenna resonates with the bandwidth of 3.7 GHz to 13.5 GHz whose Fractional Bandwidth (FBW) is 114% with a peak gain of 5.6 dBi are obtained, which denotes that the antenna is capable of radiating for UWB applications.Keywords
Antenna Configuration, FR-4, Octagonal Patch, UWB ApplicationsReferences
- Aradadi Sandhya Rani and K. Mala, “Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna Design for 2.1 GHz and 2.3 GHz- 4G Application”, Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Current Trends toward Converging Technologies, pp. 1-3, 2018.
- E. Aravindraj and K. Ayyappan, “Design of Slotted H-Shaped Patch Antenna For 2.4 GHz WLAN Applications”, International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics, pp. 5-7, 2017.
- K. Jeyaseelan, J. Mohammed Azarudeen, R. Yudhasith, E. Aravindraj and K. Ayyappan, “An Effective Dual Band Slotted Patch Antenna for C- Band Applications”, Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 1-12, 2019.
- E. Aravindraj, K. Ayyappan and R. Kumar, “Performance Analysis of Rectangular MPA Using Different Substrate Materials for WLAN Application”, ICTACT Journal on Communication Technology, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 1447-1452, 2017.
- E. Aravindraj and K. Ayyappan, Design of Slotted H-Shaped Patch Antenna with Dumbbell Shaped DGS for 3.5 GHz WiMAX Applications, Indian Journal of Innovations and Developments, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 1-6, 2016.
- E. Aravindraj, G. Nagarajan and R. Senthil Kumar, “Design and Analysis of Recursive Square Fractal Antenna for WLAN Applications”, Proceedings of International Conference on Emerging Trends in Information Technology and Engineering, pp. 1-5, 2020.
- E. Aravindraj, G. Nagarajan and R. Senthil Kumar, “A Monopole Octagonal Sierpinski Carpet Antenna with Defective Ground Structure for SWB Applications”, Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, Vol. 749, pp. 267-280, 2021.
- E. Aravindraj, A. Kannan and K. Ayyappan, “Performance of Rectangular Microstrip Antenna in Two Different Design Tools -A Comparative Study”, International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 13-22, 2018.
- Dattatreya Gopi, Appala Raju Vadaboyina and J.R.K. Kumar Dabbakuti, “DGS based Monopole Circular-Shaped Patch Antenna for UWB Applications”, SN Applied Sciences, Vol. 198, pp. 1-12, 2021.
- Rabia Shafique, Kelash Kanwara Fida Hussain, Ruben Morales Menendezc Mohammad Khubeb Siddiqui and Haris Jawad Arain, “Comparison of Different Feeding Techniques for a Patch Antenna at an X Frequency Band to Evaluate its Quantitative Impact on the Antenna’s Parameters”, Journal of Applied Research and Technology, Vol. 18, pp. 341-361, 2020.
- Saman K. Ezzulddin, Sattar O. Hasan, and Mudhaffer M. Ameen, “Optimization of Rectangular Microstrip Antenna Patch Parameters to Operate with High Radiation Performances for 5G Applications”, AIP Conference Proceedings, Vol. 2386, No. 1, pp. 1-6, 2022.
- E. Aravindraj, G. Nagarajan and B.S. Sathishkumar, “An Extensive Survey on Fractal Structures using Iterated Function System in Patch Antennas”, International Journal of Communication Systems, Vol. 34, No. 15, pp. 1-38, 2021.
- Hadi Soleimani and Homayoon Orazi, “Miniaturization of UWB Triangular Slot Antenna by the use of Dual-Reverse-Arrow Fractal”, IET Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 450-456, 2017.
- Abhik Gorai,Manimala Pal and Rowdra Ghatak, “A Compact Fractal Shaped Antenna for Ultra-wideband and Bluetooth Wireless Systems with WLAN Rejection Functionality”, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 10, pp. 2163-2166, 2020.
- Debolina Sur and Anand Sharma, “A Novel Wideband Minkowski Fractal Antenna with Assistance of Triangular Dielectric Resonator Elements”, International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer - Aided Engineering, Vol. 29, No.2, pp. 1-11. 2020.
- Lakshmi Charan Tangisetti, T.V. Rama Krishna and K. Kumar Naik, “A Compact UWB Microstrip Antenna with Hexagonal Circular Patch and Asymmetric CPW-Fed for On-body Applications”, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering Research, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 1-13, 2020.
- Dhanashree Yadav, Mahesh Mathpati, Mohammed Bakhar, DipaliAtkale and Shabdali Deshpande, “A Wideband Pentagonal Patch Antenna with Rectangular Slots for Wireless Applications”, Proceedings of International Conference on Communication and Information Processing, pp. 1-12, 2022.
- Arashpreet K. Sohi and Amanpreet Kaur, “A Complementary Sierpinski Gasket Fractal Antenna Array Integrated with a Complementary Archimedean DGS for Portable 4G/5G UWB MIMO Communication Devices”, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 62, No. 7, pp. 1-11, 2020.
- Mekala Harinath Reddy, D. Sheela, Vinay Kumar Parbot and Abhay Sharma, “A Compact Metamaterial Inspired UWB-MIMO Fractal Antenna with Reduced Mutual Coupling”, Microsystem Technologies, Vol. 27, pp. 1971-1983, 2021.
- S. Dhar, R.Ghatak, B. Gupta, D.R. Poddar, “A Wideband Minkowski Fractal Dielectric Resonator Antenna”, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 61, No. 6, pp. 2895-2903, 2020.