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P. R. Sakuntala Devi ¹, K. Adilaxmamma ¹, G. Srinivasa Rao ², Ch. Srilatha ³, M. Alph Raj ¹

Affiliations
1 Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, IN
2 Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, N.T.R, College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram, Andhra Pradesh, IN
3 Departments of Pathology, College of Veterinary Science, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, IN

Abstract

The safety profile of alcoholic extract of stem-bark of B. ovalifoliolata was investigated in male Wistar albino rats as per OECD guidelines 407. A total of 24 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of six rats each. Group 1 served as control and was given 0.3% carboxymethylcellulose, groups 2, 3 and 4 were given alcoholic extract of B. ovalifoliolata @ 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg respectively in 0.3% carboxymethylcellulose orally for 28 days. The animals were observed daily for clinical signs, mortality, physiological and behavioral changes. Body weights were measured at weekly intervals and various hematological parameters like Hb, PCV, TEC, TLC and serum biochemical profile which included AST, ALT, creatine phosphokinase, creatinine, total protein and antioxidant parameters like TBARS and GSH in liver were estimated at the end of experimental period. There were no clinical signs of abnormality. The weekly body weights, organ weights and hematological parameters did not vary significantly amongst the groups. The mean activity of AST, ALT and CPK, and the concentration of serum creatinine, total protein, TBARS and GSH did not differ significantly among the groups. Histological abnormalities of toxicological significance were not detected in groups 2 and 3. However, mild histopathological alterations were observed in higher dose group 4. In conclusion, the present study revealed that the alcoholic extract of stem-bark of B. ovalifoliolata is safe at lower doses of 100 and 500 mg/kg. Hence, alcoholic extract of stem bark of B. ovalifoliolata is safe and no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) is found to be 500 mg/kg following repeated oral administration for 28 days in rats.

Keywords

B. ovalifoliolata, hematology, oxidative stress, safety evaluation, serum biochemistry

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M. Alpha Raj ¹, A. Gopala Reddy ¹, A. Rajasekhar Reddy ², K. Adilaxmamma ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad - 500 030, IN
2 College of Veterinary Science, Korutla - 505 326, IN
3 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Tirupati - 517 502, IN

Abstract

A total of 160 White Leghorns of 20 wk age were divided randomly into eight groups. Groups 1, 3, 4 and 5 were fed basal feed and the rest were fed 5% vanaspati supplemented feed until 42 wk of age. From 42 to 54 wk, groups 3, 4 and 5 were fed 1% ferrous sulfate, 100 ppm chlorpyrifos (CPS) and 100 ppm cadmium, respectively, along with basal feed and groups 6, 7 and 8 were fed similar stressors, respectively, along with 5% vanaspati. Groups 1 and 2 served as controls for basal feed and 5% vanaspati feed. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), total protein, albumin, globulin, A/G ratio, total cholesterol, high density cholesterol (HDL), triglycerides, creatinine, hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titer, and phytohemagglutination (PHA) index were studied. Supplementation of vanaspati resulted in a significant reduction in PHA, cholesterol, albumin and HI titer. Cadmium significantly increased ALP, AST, creatinine and paradoxically increased HDL cholesterol and HI titers. Vanaspati along with cadmium showed similar effects. Administration of CPS lowered PHA index, whereas supplementation along with vanaspati decreased the HI titers and increased the PHA index. Supplementation of vanaspati alone and in combination revealed harmful effects and aggravated the toxicities of CPS and cadmium. Hence, it is concluded that consumption of vanaspati could be harmful.

Keywords

Immunity, layers, white leghorn, vanaspati

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D. Udaya Lakshmi ¹, K. Adilaxmamma ², A. Gopala Reddy ¹, V. Vykunta Rao ³

Affiliations
1 Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad - 30, IN
2 College of Veterinary Science, Tirupati-517 502, IN
3 Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Tirupati - 517 502, Andhra Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Lead toxicity was studied in male broiler chicks (Cobb strain) of a day-old age. The chicks were randomly divided into six groups consisting of 15 in each group. Group 1 was maintained as basal diet control and group 2 was kept on lead at 300 ppm in feed throughout 5 wk as toxic control without any treatment. Groups 3 and 4 were maintained on herbal methionine at 1.4 g/kg feed + Mangifera indica at 0.1% in feed, respectively. Groups 5 and 6 were treated with lead + herbal methionine and lead + M.indica, respectively, for the 5 wk. The concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and protein carbonyls, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase in liver and kidney revealed a significant (P<0.05) increase, while there was a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH) in liver and kidney, and hepatocytic membrane ATPases and cytochrome P₄₅₀ (CYP₄₅₀) in liver in the lead toxic control group. Treatment with herbal remedies in groups 5 and 6 resulted in a marked improvement in all the above parameters as compared to those of lead toxic control. Thus, it is concluded that lead induces biological damage by means of oxidative stress and the herbs in test offered better amelioration. The beneficial effects of herbal methionine and Ma. indica may be attributed to their antioxidant, anti-stress and hepatoprotective principles.

Keywords

Hepatotoxicity, herbal methionine, lead, Mangifera indica, oxidative stress

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