Informatics Publishing Limited

K. S. Krishna Prasad ¹, K. Narasimha Ramulu ², G. Benarjee ²

Affiliations
1 SMVKR Fisheries Polytechnic, S. V. Veterinary University, Bhavadevarapalli-521 120, Andhra Pradesh, IN
2 Fisheries Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Kakatiya University, Warangal-506 009, Andhra Pradesh, IN

Abstract

East Godavari district occupies a very important place in the fisheries map of Andhra Pradesh, which endowed with rich fishery resources of marine, inland and brackish water. The Ichthyofauna of East Godavari district was collected to record the biodiversity of fish fauna in the district. It is recorded that the fish fauna of this district comprises of 9 Orders, 59 Genera and 146 Species. The collection revealed that majority of the fish belong to order Cyprinoformes which predominates with 83 species followed by Siluriniformes with 30 species and Perciformes with 12 species. The Order Cypriniformes has most commercial importance fish such as Catla, Rohu, Mrigal and the Common Carp. The Order Channiformes represents all murrels Channa striatus, Channa marulius, Channa gachua and Channa punctatus which are of great commercial value. Hilsa hilsa belongs to the Order Cluperformes is also recorded here, which is an anadromous migratory fish visiting River Godavari during early monsoon months. There is an immediate need to take measures to conserve this fish.

Keywords

Ichthyofauna Diversity, East Godavari District, Migratory Fish, Conservation.

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K. S. Krishna Prasad ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Entomology and Nematology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore 560089, IN

Abstract

Root-knot nematodes and cyst nematodes are important constraints that reduce potato yields in India. Three species of Meloidogyne cause ischolar_main-knots on the crop throughout the country, of which, M. incognita is more wide-spread. Infected tubers also result in marketable-yield-loss particularly in the seed potatoes. The cyst nematodes include two species of Globodera restricted to the hilly regions of Tamil Nadu and are of quarantine importance, inhibiting seedpotato production. Potato produce from these hills is used only for consumption. The endoparasitic nature of their life cycle, deposition of eggs into a gelatinous egg mass in ischolar_main knot and the female turning in to a hard cyst encompassing the eggs within them in cyst nematode makes them difficult organisms to manage. Both these nematodes exhibit physiologic variation, hence, their management is not absolute with host-resistance. Therefore, an Integrated Nematode Management (INM) is adopted in both the cases. Root-knot nematode in North India is managed using nematode-free seed tubers, crop rotation with maize or wheat and application of 1-2 kg ai /ha Carbofuran 3% G at the time of potato planting. Cyst nematode in Tamil Nadu hills is managed by crop rotation with vegetables, particularly cabbage and carrot, intercropping potato with beans or wheat, alternating nematode resistant potato variety 'Kufri Swarna' and application of 2 kg ai /ha Carbofuran 3% G at planting. A two-year adoption of INM for ischolar_main-knot and a three-year INM practice for cyst nematodes gives efficient and economical production system. Potato farmers in Himachal Pradesh and Tamil Nadu hills follow practices standardized at the Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla and it's substation in the Nilgiri hills.

Keywords

Root-Knot Nematodes, Cyst Nematodes, Late Blight Disease, Pathotypes, Virulent Strains, Host Resistance, Crop Rotation, Cropping Sequence, Integrated Management.

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