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Sharma, K. C.

• Nursery Technology of Spruce (Picea smithiana)

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Authors

H. P. Sharma , K. C. Sharma , Ombir Singh

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 112, No 1 (1986), Pagination: 13-17

Abstract

Distribution and importance of Spruce (Picea smithiana) and silver fir (Abies pindrow) forests of Western Himalayas has been discussed. Regeneration problem of the spruce has been high-lighted. Seed collection, control against damping off and nursery technology of spruce has been discussed in details.

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• Effect of Root Pruning of the Growth of Transplanted Silver Fir Seedlings

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Authors

R. V. Singh , K. C. Sharma

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 111, No 2 (1985), Pagination: 58-61

Abstract

The results of an investigation conducted to study the effect of ischolar_main pruning on the survival and growth of transplanted silver fir seedlings showed that ischolar_main pruning improved ischolar_main:shoot ration, but did effect significantly neither the survival nor the growth of the seedlings; pruning of 75% of the tap ischolar_main, however, depressed growth of the seedlings slightly.

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• Germination of Populus ciliata Seed as Affected by Depth of Sowing

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Authors

R. V. Singh , K. C. Sharma , Virendra Singh

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 111, No 5 (1985), Pagination: 245-249

Abstract

The result of experiments conducted to study the effect of the depth of sowing on germination of Populus ciliata seed showed that sowing on the surface gives the highest germination percentage and even the slightest covering of the seed by sand depresses germination.

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• Cuttings Taken from Bottom One-third Part of Populus Ciliata Plants Perform Better

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Authors

R. V. Singh , K. C. Sharma , P. S. Kaushal

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 110, No 4 (1984), Pagination: 375-380

Abstract

Investigations carried out to determine the performance of cuttings taken from bottom one-third, middle one-third and top one-third portions of Populus ciliata plants showed that the cuttings taken from the bottom one-third parts of the plants performed better than those taken from the middle one-third which did better than those taken from the top one-third parts of the plants.

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• Effects of Nursery Density on Seedling Characteristics of Silver Fir (Abies pindrow Spach)

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Authors

R. V. Singh , K. C. Sharma

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 110, No 11 (1984), Pagination: 1078-1083

Abstract

The investigations conducted to study the effects of density on seedling cbaracterstics of nursery - grown sliver fir showed that the collar diameter of Ihe seedlings decreased as the seedling density increased while the height of the dominant seedlings remained unaffected. The weight of stem, needles, ischolar_mains and total seedling and the volume of needles and ischolar_mains decressed with an increase in the seedling densiiy in the nursery.

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• Effect of Soil and Humus Mix on the Growth of Container Grown Spruce and Silver Fir Plants

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Authors

R. V. Singh , K. C. Sharma

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 109, No 4 (1983), Pagination: 193-197

Abstract

Addition of humus In nursery soil improved the growth of seedlings of both spruce and silver fir and reduced ischolar_main : shoot ratio in spruce, but did not have any significant effect in this respect in silver fir.

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• Interception Studies in Cedrus deodara Loudon Plantation in Himachal Pradesh

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Authors

R. P. Singh , K. C. Sharma , H. N. Mathur , M. K. Gupta , A. K. Gupta

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 109, No 5 (1983), Pagination: 261-266

Abstract

The present investigations deal with the throughfall, stemflow and intercreption loss in Cedius deodara Loudon plantation (94.5% crown density) or about 35 years age at Shillaroo, Kolgarh Forest Division, Distt. Simla (Himachal Pradesh). Of the total rainfall (1850.1 mm) 2.9% (55.3 mm) stemflow, 71.8% (1328.5 mm) throughfall and 25.2% (466.2 mm) interception loss were recorded respectively by for the whole study period. The minimum interception loss (18.7%) was observed in the month of July, 1980 which had the maximum (370.2 mm) rainfall. The highest interception (69.1%) was recorded in the month of February, 1980. which had the lowest (7.0 mm) rainfall. Interception loss was decreased with the increasing amount of precipitation.

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• Distribution and Growth of Weeds as Influenced by Intensity of Felling in Spruce and Silver Fir Forests

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Authors

R. V. Singh , K. C. Sharma , K. C. Gupta

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 109, No 3 (1983), Pagination: 140-147

Abstract

The results of a study on the distribution and growth of weeds in spruce and silver fir forests worked under selection, shelter-wood uniform and clear-cutting systems are presented. The composition and relative dominance of weeds changed with the iutensity of fellings. The density and growth of weeds was the least in selection rorests and the highest in areas worked under clear-cutting system; areas worked under shelter-wood uniform system were intermediate in this respect. Total weed biomass. In clear-cut areas was 4 and 2.4 times that in those worked under selection and shelter-wood uniform systems respectively. Most of the weeds whose growth is encouralled by heavier felllngs grow tall and luxuriant and are harmful to the regeneration of spruce and silver fir.

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• Populus ciliata-a Promising Tree Species for Soil Conservation in Hilly Areas

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Authors

H. N. Mathur , R. P. Singh , K. C. Sharma

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 108, No 9 (1982), Pagination: 599-604

Abstract

One of the reasons for the important place of Populus ciliata in erosion control is tHat P. ciliata is one of the few species which can be successfully established from branch and stem cuttings. P. ciliata ischolar_mains easily in shallow soils where other tree species can not be established. Poplars are being used extensively for erosion control and (or the re-vegetation of eroded hilly areas in China, Japan, U.S.A. and New Zealand. P. ciliata has reasonably fast growth rate and strong spreading ischolar_main system. Plants Grown from cuttings produce and abundance of strong, thick lateral ischolar_mains with little taper.

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• Effect of Seedling Diameter on Growth of Transplanted Silver Fir Seedlings in the Nursery

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Authors

R. V. Singh , K. C. Sharma

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 107, No 10 (1981), Pagination: 617-620

Abstract

In an experiment conducted to study the effect of seedling diameter on the growth of transplanted silver fir seedlings in the nursery, studies were made on the growth and survival of seedlings of four classes, viz., < 1.5,1.5- <,
'2.0', 2.0- <2.5 and 2.5 - <3.0 mm diameter. The performance of the seedlings of < 1.5 mm diameter both in term, of survival and growth was poorer than that of those of the remaining three classes which did not differ significantly from each other. Seedlings of < 1.5 mm diameter should, therefore, be called at the time of transplanting.

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• A Note on the Effect of Blaze Width on Resin Yield

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Authors

K. C. Sharma

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 106, No 6 (1980), Pagination: 403-404

Abstract

Comparison of four blaze widths viz., 7, 10, 13 and 16 cms showed 10 cm blaze-width to be optimum.

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• Note on the Effect of Frequent Freshenings on Resin Yield from Chil (Pinus roxburghii)

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Authors

R. V. Singh , K. C. Sharma

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 100, No 3 (1974), Pagination: 206-208

Abstract

Results of an experiment conducted to study the effect of three frequencies of freshening on resin yield from blazes paired on individual tree are summarized. Three freshenings a week increased resin yield significantly over two freshenings a week which in turn gave significantly higher resin yield than one freshening a week. Resin yield per blaze per freshening decreased with increased frequency of freshening.

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• Constraints Faced by the Farmers in Adoption of Cowpea Production Technology in Arid Zone of Rajasthan

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Authors

P. Singh ¹, J. P. Lakhera ², K. C. Sharma ², B. S. Mitharwal ²

Affiliations
1 Forage Management Centre, Agricultural Research Station (SKRAU), Bikaner (RAJASTHAN), IN
2 Department of Extension Education, Directorate of Extension Education, S.K. Rajasthan Agricultural University,Bikaner (RAJASTHAN), IN

Source

Agriculture Update, Vol 8, No 1 & 2 (2013), Pagination: 22-25

Abstract

No Abstract

Keywords

Adoption, Cowpea, Constraints, Peak Season, Seed Treatment

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• Constraints Perceived by Farmers in Adoption of Spices Production Technology in Rajasthan

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Authors

K. C. Sharma ¹, P. Singh ²

Affiliations
1 Directorate of Extension Education, S.K. Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner Rajasthan, IN
2 Forage Management Centre, S.K. Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner Rajasthan, IN

Source

Agriculture Update, Vol 8, No 3 (2013), Pagination: 407-411

Abstract

No Abstract

Keywords

Constraints, Adoption, Transfer of Technology (TOT ), Spice Crops, Respondents, Association

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• Training Needs Of krishi Input Dealers for Transfer of Agricultural Technology in Eastern Rajasthan

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Authors

K. C. Sharma ¹, B. L. Sharma ²

Affiliations
1 Agricultural Research Station, Fatehpur- Shekhawati, SIKAR (RAJASTHAN), IN
2 Agricultural Research Station, Fatehpur-Shekhawati, SIKAR (RAJASTHAN), IN

Source

Agriculture Update, Vol 9, No 3 (2014), Pagination: 316-319

Abstract

Abstract not Given.

Keywords

Training Need, Krishi Input Dealers, Knowledge Score, Seeds, Fertilizers, Pesticides

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• Impact of Demonstrations of Farmers Fields in Agro Climatic Zone II-A of Rajasthan

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Authors

B. L. Sharma ¹, K. C. Sharma ²

Affiliations
1 Agricultural Research Station, Fatehpur-Shekhawati, Sikar, Rajasthan, IN
2 Agricultural Research Station, Fatehpur-Shekhawati, Sikar (Rajasthan), IN

Source

Agriculture Update, Vol 9, No 4 (2014), Pagination: 472-475

Abstract

An attempt has been made to study on impact of demonstration on farmers fields in adopted villages of Sikar district. The yield gap, input gap, cost and return were calculated for purpose of the study. The survey covered 40 farmers from 4 adopted villages where wheat, barley, gram and mustard demonstration (full technology) were conducted in adopted villages. In each village, 10 demonstrations were conducted. From each village, 10 farmers were selected who have adopted traditional practices for crop cultivation. The results indicated that yield gap per hectare between demonstration plots and farmers practices was 15.71, 23.70, 29.17 and 20.00 per cent for wheat, barley, gram and mustard, respectively. On farmers practices, overall inputs gap was about 21 per cent for wheat, barley and mustard and 33 per cent for gram as compared to demonstration. Thus, there is more scope to raise the mustard, gram, barley and wheat productivity by improving the techniques of production rather than by raising the input use levels. The results further revealed that the cost of cultivation per hectare on demonstration plots was Rs. 16854, Rs. 15110, Rs. 13622 and Rs. 12415 for wheat, barley, gram and mustard while on farmers fields it was Rs. 13883, Rs. 12445, Rs. 10301 and Rs. 10227 for wheat, barley, mustard and gram, respectively. The net return per hectare was the highest for mustard followed by wheat, barley and gram. While on farmers practices, it was highest for wheat followed by mustard, barley and gram. The increase of net return on demonstration plots over farmers' practices was 26.79, 24.75, 19.25 and 9.43 per cent for barley, gram, mustard and wheat, respectively.

Keywords

Impact, Demonstrations, Agro Climatic Zone.

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References

• Jaiswal, P.K. and Duboliya, S.R. (1994). Adoption gap in wheat technology. Maharashtra J. Extn. Edu., 13: 63-66.
• Jaiswal, P.K., Mishra, P.K. and Mishra, A. (1987). Adoption and gap of recommended wheat technology among the farmers of Bundelkhand Region. Maharashtra J. Extn. Edu., 6: 205-205.
• Mitra, B. and Samajdar, T. (2010). Yield gap analysis of rapeseed-mustard through front line demonstration. Agril. Extn. Rev., 22: 16-17.
• Sharma, B.L. and Sharma R.N. (2003). Technological gaps and constraints in gram production in semi-arid region of Rajasthan. Rajasthan J. Extn. Edu., 11: 59-62.
• Singh, G., Sirohi, A. and Malik, Y.P. (2008). Impact of improved technology on the productivity of Indian mustard. J. Oilseeds Res., 25: 125.
• Singh, R.K.,Gaur, R.B., Verma, R.S. and Yadav, D.K. (2000). Evaluation of front line demonstration to identify adoption gaps in chickpea production in irrigated condition of Sriganganagar district. Indian J. Pulses Res., 13 (1):28-30.
• Singh, R.K., Gaur, R.B., Verma, R.S., Yadav, D.K., Singh, Vichiter and Prakash, V. (2002). Evaluating gaps in transfer of technology in chickpea front line demonstrations in semi arid region of Rajasthan. Haryana J. Agron.,18 (1&2): 110-114.
• Singh, S.N., Singh, V.K., Singh, R.K. and Singh, Rakesh K. (2007). Evaluation of on-farm front line demonstrations on the yield of mustard in Central Plains Zone of Uttar Pradesh. Indian Res. J. Extn. Edu., 7: 79-81.
• Tiwari, K.B. and Saxena, A. (2001). Economic analysis of FLD of oilseed in Chhindwara. Bhartiya Krishi Anusandhan Patrika,16: 185-189.
• Tiwari, R.B., Singh, Vinay and Parihar, P. (2003). Role of FLD in transfer of gram production technology. Maharashtra J. Extn. Edu., 22: 139.
• Verma, Dayanand R.K. and Mehta, S.M. (2011). Performance of chickpea variety GNG-663 in front line demonstration under irrigated condition. Ann. Agric. Res., 32(3&2):73-76.

• Attaining Livelihood Security of Farmers Through Farm Journalism in Eastern Rajasthan

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Authors

K. C. Sharma ¹, P. Singh ²

Affiliations
1 Agricultural Research Station, Fatehpur, shekhawati (Rajasthan), IN
2 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kumher, Bharatpur (Rajasthan), IN

Source

Agriculture Update, Vol 9, No 4 (2014), Pagination: 605-607

Abstract

Encouragement of information, communication and technologies (ICTs) experiments in rural areas of different countries reveals that ICTs can make a significant contribution for promoting livelihood security of farmers. Farm publications also promote rural livelihood security by providing improved agricultural and technological information. The study was conducted in five districts of eastern Rajasthan purposively selected on the basis of having one KVK in the district and highest number of subscribers of "Chokhi-Kheti'' with 180 respondents. Findings reveal that majority of respondents reported less use of illustrations, appropriate use of technical words, appropriate size of letters, fair quality of printing, attractive cover page, less number of print pages, up-to-date information and so on. The main constraints perceived by the respondents were lack of leisure time followed by higher subscription price, technical words in literature, lack of technical illustrations and marketing advertisements.

Keywords

ICTs, Mass Media, Readability, Farm Publication Print Media, Chokhikheti.

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References

• Arvind Kumar Jhajharia (2012). Mass media ultilization behaviour of the farmers of Jaipur region of Rajasthan. Ph.D. Thesis, S.K. Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner, RAJASTHAN (INDIA).
• Girase, K.A. and Desai, B.R. (1993). Communication behaviour of tribal contact farmers selected under training and visit system. Maharashtra J. Extn. Edu., 12: 47-50.
• Ingle, P.O. (2005). Information technology and development of agricultural education. Paper presented in National Seminar on IT in Agriculture (Jan. 3-5), Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, Ratnagiri (M.S.) INDIA.
• Mishra, B.P. and Tripathi, A. (1991). The extent of exposure of farm women to different sources of information and constraints regarding low and non utilization of the sources. Orissa J. Agric. Res., 4 (3 &4): 22-23.
• Natikar, K.V., Govimath, U.S. and Budihal, R.A. (1995). Reading behaviour of the farmers of North Karnataka. Indian J. Extn. Edu, 21(1&4): 89-90.
• Rathore, R. and Trikha, R.N. (2010). Improving livelihood security of farmers through farm publication. Rajasthan. J. Extn. Edu., 17&18: 37-39.
• Udomisor, I.W. (1997). Media influence and media habit of Indians and Nigerians. Communicator, 32 (2): 37-44.

• Health Related Problems of Salt Workers at Sambhar Lake (Ramsar Site) of Rajasthan, India

Abstract Views :492  |  PDF Views:0

Authors

A. H. Bhat ¹, K. C. Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Environmental Science, Central University of Rajasthan, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, IN

Source

Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing, Vol 6, No 9 (2015), Pagination: 933-935

Abstract

Salt workers are exposed to the hardship of environmental conditions such as direct sunlight, salt dust and contact with brine, which have an impact on the health of workers. In the process of salt manufacture, brine rich in salt is filled in broad pans exposed to sunlight. To assess their awareness, attitude and practices related to occupational health problems, 250 Salt workers were interviewed about problems and health hazards related to their working conditions, usage of protective measures and suggestions for their improvisation.

Keywords

Health Problems, Salt-Workers, Symptoms.

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• Dance Drama and Music:A Trinity of Indian Culture and Literature

Abstract Views :343  |  PDF Views:0

Authors

K. C. Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of English, Govt. College, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Source

International Journal of Literary Studies, Vol 5, No 3 (2015), Pagination: 127-128

Abstract

India is a great country in human civilization which has not only attracted large number of travellers, historians, philosophers and poets to its charms; it has also converted many of them into its addict lovers. Its land and people beauty music .philosophy and magic .mysticism and Sufism .chivalry and beauty ,music notes and colorful costumes ,holy rivers and unparalleled saints on their banks .its superstitions and rituals in brief everything to the aura of mother India has enchanted people of other lands and instilled an undying sense of pride in its inhabitants . The vitality and fragrance of our culture is uneven. Our ancestors had a tendency of differentiation. Different schools and regional trends crossed, inter crossed and ultimately merged into a single stream of what is known as Indian philosophy, art and culture. During this evolution, the greater urge of our genius to blend remained predominant over our varied styles of thought and life, dance drama, language and social philosophy. Mother India with all its different colours and components gives the appearance of a beautiful woman with a large variety of ornaments and costumes merging into one harmonious impression. Our art is more of a reflection and expression of reconciliation.

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• Comparative Study of Self-Help Group Bank Linkage Model and Microfinance Institution Model in Raibareli District of Uttar Pradesh

Abstract Views :447  |  PDF Views:0

Authors

D. V. Deshpande ¹, K. C. Sharma ¹, Gyanendra Rout ¹

Affiliations
1 Bankers Institute of Rural Development, Lucknow, IN

Source

The Microfinance Review, Vol 7, No 2 (2015), Pagination: 158-168

Abstract

There are mainly two models of microfinance delivery in India - SHG Bank Linkage Programme (SBLP) and Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs). Broadly speaking, SBLP covers about 72% of all microfinance loans in the country and remaining 28% are covered by MFIs. However, the issue of Non- Performing Assets (NPAs) remains vital in both the models. This study examined various aspects of recovery performance of microfinance clients and other relevant aspects. The study is based on a comparison of SBLP supported by Rajiv Gandhi Mahila Vikas Pariyojana (RGMVP) and Sonata Finance Private Limited, a MFI operating in Raibareli district of Uttar Pradesh. The findings show that recovery from members of both RGMVP SHGs and Sonata Groups is high. The cases of multiple financing are very few in the study area. The findings support the view that if an initiative like RGMVP is present, problem of NPAs in SBLP can be addressed properly.

Keywords

Microfinance, Loan Repayment Problems.

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• Enhancing Outreach of Microfinance by Use of ICT in BC Model - Field Level Problems and Their Probable Solutions

Abstract Views :361  |  PDF Views:0

Authors

K. C. Sharma ¹, S. K. Garg ¹

Affiliations
1 Bankers Institute of Rural Development, Lucknow, IN

Source

The Microfinance Review, Vol 3, No 2 (2011), Pagination: 109-120

Abstract

Microfinance is about providing financial services to poor people. The extent of financial exclusion in India has been a matter of concern since long. RBI has allowed BC model for increasing outreach since 2006. The cost effectiveness of BC model largely depends on the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Banking. However, there are practical difficulties in accessing financial services through BC model. Some of these problems at customer, BC and Branch level and their remedial measures are discussed in this paper. The problems and probable solutions stated in the paper have largely emerged out of the field based experiences of the authors through their involvement in the training of rural Bankers engaged in delivery of financial services to the rural people.

The paper highlights the need for increasing the outreach of microfinance. Further, the relevance of BC model is highlighted for increasing the outreach. BC model uses ICT extensively for its operations. The paper presents the field level problems involved in financial intermediation faced by villagers and FBCs who are field level functionaries of BCs and Bank staff at the Branch level. The main problems relate to mistrust, inadequate technology support, financial non-viability and technology obsolescence of ICT. Some probable workable solutions to overcome these problems are given in the paper. Banks and BCs have to work more closely in terms of sharing MIS, databases, trust building, capacity building and updating of technology on regular interval to make BC model successful in enhancing outreach of microfinance services.

Keywords

BF/BC Model, Microfinance, Rural Banking, Financial Inclusion, Branch Banking.

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• Association of Personal Attributes with Knowledge and Adoption Regarding Maize Production in Bhilwara Rajasthan

Abstract Views :359  |  PDF Views:0

Authors

K. C. Sharma ¹, P. Singh ², P. Panwar ³

Affiliations
1 Directorate of Extension Education, S.K. Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner (Rajasthan), IN
2 Forage Research Centre (S.K.R.A.U.), Bikaner (Rajasthan), IN
3 Krishi Vigyan Kendra (M.P.U.A.&T.), Bhilwara (Rajasthan), IN

Source

Agriculture Update, Vol 7, No 3-4 (2012), Pagination: 376-380

Abstract

The study was conducted in Bhilwara district of Rajasthan having major area under maize cultivation. Four panchayat samittees were selected for the study purpose. From each panchayat samittee two villages were selected randomly and from each village ten beneficiary farmers were selected randomly, who participated in ATMA training programme on maize crop and ten non-beneficiary farmers were also selected randomly, who did not participated in ATMA training programme. This way a total of 160 farmers were interviewed. The knowledge and adoption of beneficiary and non-beneficiary farmers with regard to improved package of practices was measured in terms of Mean Per cent Scores (MPS). Eleven important maize production technologies were included to assess the knowledge and adoption of maize growers. From the findings it could be concluded that there was significant association between different variables viz., age, education, caste, land holding and social participation with knowledge level as well as extent of adoption of beneficiary, non-beneficiary and overall farmers. Personal attributes of farmers like family size was non-significantly associated with knowledge level and extent of adoption of non-beneficiary and overall farmers.

Keywords

ATMA (Agricultural Technology Management Agency), Association Level of Knowledge, Extent of Adoption, Personal Attributes, Chi-Square.

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• Inter/mixed Cropping of Lentil (Lens culinaris) in Late Sown Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for Higher Productivity and Profitability of Wheat in Vertisols of Central India

Abstract Views :423  |  PDF Views:1

Authors

K. C. Sharma ¹, P. S. Parmar ¹, K. S. Solanki ¹, A. K. Singh ¹, S. V. Saiprasad ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station, Indore (M.P.), IN

Source

International Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Vol 14, No 1 (2018), Pagination: 21-26

Abstract

The field experiment was carried out during Rabi season of 2012-013 and 2013-14 at Indore (M.P) to find out the performance of different wheat and lentil inter and mixed cropping systems on the productivity and profitability of late sown wheat.Treatments tested were wheat sole, lentil sole, wheat (line sowing)+lentil (broadcasted), wheat (broadcasted)+lentil (line sowing), wheat+lentil (mixed sowing of 100% seed rates of both), wheat+lentil (mixed sowing of 50% seed rates of both), wheat+lentil (1:1 row ratio), wheat+lentil (2:1 row ratio), wheat+lentil (2:2 row ratio) and wheat+ lentil (3:1 row ratio). Results indicated that line sowing of wheat at 20 cm a part rows+broad cast sowing of lentil as @ 30 kg seed/ha recorded higher values of no. of fertile tillers/m², length of spike (cm), number of spikelet/spike, grain yields (5.81 and 5.93 t/ha), biological yields (14.8 and 14.8 t/ha), wheat grain equivalent yields (5.94 and 5.99 t/ha) and land equivalent ratio (1.06 and 1.09) than wheat sole along with a bonus yield of lentil grain to the tune of 50 and 20 kg/ha during first and second years, respectively. Similar trend was observed for net benefits and on mean data basis treatment line sowing of wheat+broad casting of lentil recorded highest values of net returns (Rs.55675=00) and B:C ratio (2.65). Hence, for getting higher and economic wheat productivity, broad casting of lentil can be done in line sowing of wheat and can be recommended to farmers practice in Central India.

Keywords

Intercropping, Grain, Biological Yield, Land Equivalent Ratio, Lentil, Mixed Cropping, Wheat, Wheat Equivalent Yield.

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References

• Akter, N., Alim, Md.A., Islam, M.M., Naher, Z.,Rehman, M. and Iqbal Hossain, A.S.M. (2004). Evaluation of mixed and intercropping of lentil and wheat. J. Agron., 3(1): 48-51.
• Banik, P. (1996). Evaluation of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and legume intercropping under 1:1 and 2:1 row-replacement series system. J.Agron. & Crop Sci., 176 (5): 289-294.
• Caballero, R., Goicoechea, E. L. and Hernaiz, P.J. (1995). Forage yields and quality of common vetch and oat sown at varying seeding ratios and seeding rates of common vetch. Field Crop Res., 41: 135-140.
• Das, A.K., Khaliq, Q.A. and Haider, M.L.(2012). Efficiency of wheat-lentil and wheat-chickpea intercropping systems at different planting configurations.Internat. J. Sustain. Crop Prod., 7 (1) : 25-33.
• Dhima, K.V., Lithourgidis, A. A., Vasilakoglou, I. B. and Dordas, C.A. (2007). Competition indices of common vetch and cereal intercrops in two seeding ratio. Field Crop Res.,100: 249-256.
• Francis, C.A. (1989). Biological efficiencies in mixed multiple cropping systems. Adv. Agron., 42 : 1-42.
• Gao, Y. and Wu, P. (2014). Growth, yield and nitrogen use in the wheat/maize intercropping system in an arid region of northwestern China. Field Crops Res., 167: 19-30.
• Hauggaard-Nielsen, H., Ambus, P. and Jensen, E.S. (2001). Temporal and spatial distribution of ischolar_mains and competition for nitrogen in pea-barley intercrops - a field study employing 32P technique. Plant &Soil, 236 : 63-74.
• Hauggaard-Nielsen, H., Knudsen, M.T., Jorgensen, J.R. and Jensen, E.S. (2006). Intercropping wheat with pea for improved wheat baking quality, proceedings of the European Joint Organic Congress–Odense, Denmark, pp. 268-69.
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• Emerging and Re-emerging Biotic Stresses of Agricultural Crops in India and Novel Tools for their Better Management

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Authors

J. Kumar ¹, R. K. Murali-Baskaran ¹, S. K. Jain ¹, P. N. Sivalingam ¹, J. Mallikarjuna ¹, Vinay Kumar ¹, K. C. Sharma ¹, J. Sridhar ¹, P. Mooventhan ¹, A. Dixit ¹, P. K. Ghosh ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Institute of Biotic Stress Management, Raipur 493 225, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 121, No 1 (2021), Pagination: 26-36

Abstract

Food security of our country is at risk due to heavy yield losses of agricultural crops caused by pests and diseases known together as biotic stresses. Conventional management practices in vogue are not competent under the current situations obscured by the incitants of biotic stresses which have either enhanced their offensive capabilities due to adaptive mutations or regained their pathogenic/ herbivory potential owing to climate change. Numerous causal agents of biotic stresses are also introduced in the country or new regions of the country either through natural dispersal as invasive species, or on account of quarantine irregularities at national or international levels. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to appraise the impact of these new biotic stresses burgeoned in the recent past and to develop novel technologies for their management. To devise an effective preventive and eradicative strategy for containing these biotic stresses, new research innovations need to be practiced such as deciphering basic/molecular mechanism of host-pathogen/insect interactions; endophytic mechanisms of plant protection; nanotechnology in pest management; host resistance strengthening by gene cloning, recombinant DNA technologies, RNA biology, utilizing gene editing technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9, etc. This article presents a comprehensive account of new biotic stresses of agricultural crops built up in the country and also reviews the novel scientific inventions made worldwide which can be further employed to devise more efficient methods for alleviating impact of these biotic stresses of food crops in the country.

Keywords

Agriculture, Biotic Stress, Crops, Food Security, Management.

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