Informatics Publishing Limited

Jagbir Singh ¹, Shashi Kant ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu-180 006, J & K, IN

Abstract

Mining is a devastating operation, which is associated with problems of deforestation, waste disposal, water pollution, air pollution, seismological vibrations from blasting, soil subsidence, drop in underground water tables and soil erosion. Various technological measures should be used for reclamation of surface mined lands like contour terracing, contour trenching, mulching and normal soil placement. Biotic protection along with rehabilitation measures will reduce erosion and shall increase the vegetal cover.

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Jagbir Singh ¹, Shashi Kant ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu-180 006, (J&K), IN

Abstract

The phytodiversity of the Kalakote forest region is under severe threat of biotic interferences like coal mining, encroachments, overexploitation, tourism and other allied interferences. Coalfields are situated at Mahogala, Mehtka and Tatapani in the study area. Continuous creation of infrastructural facilities on surface for mining, beneficiation, housing and other activities take a heavy toll of forest wealth. Coal extraction leads to degradation of land, addition of pollutants to air and water, deforestation, and civic environment. Anatomical and morphological studies have been undertaken on the plants growing in coalfields and their stomatal and epidermal cell frequency and stomatal indices have been compared with control plants.

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Jagbir Singh ¹, Rakesh Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Computer Engineering, Engineering Wing, Punjabi University, Patiala, IN

Abstract

Data is increasing at a speed that is even difficult to capture in today's world as a result of regular uploading of data to the internet. Social networking websites are the main sources for the collection of this huge amount of data. This collection of online data happens at a great pace. "Big Data" is a collection of data sets that is extremely large in numbers highlighting its size; it varies from one another i.e. different varieties of data; and velocity of collection of data i.e. its speed. This extreme amount of data is difficult to handle by traditional software packages. Hence it becomes necessary to introduce a new and efficient method to handle this huge data and then came into existence is Hadoop. Hadoop is an open source project that enables separation of processing of different datasets using simple programming model along with high rate of fault tolerance. Hadoop consists of two main parts: HDFS for storing large amount of data and MapReduce for analysis of data. It becomes easy to handle even petabytes or zettabytes of data with the help of this Java based software i.e. Hadoop.

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Navneet Singh ¹, Jagbir Singh ²

Affiliations
1 Zoological Survey of India, Gangetic Plains Regional Centre, Bahadurpur Housing Colony, Sector-8, Patna-26, Bihar, IN
2 Department of Zoology, Punjabi University, Patiala 147 002 (Punjab), IN

Abstract

Arctiidae is a major Noctuoid family of order Lepidoptera with estimated number of 10,945 species from the Globe (Heppner 1991) including more than 500 from India (Kirti & Gill 2010). Members of this family tend to be small to medium size with aposematic colours. The meta thoracic tymbal organ, a pre-spiracular counter tympanal hood and a pair of pheromonal glands between the ovipositor lobes are the main apomorphic characters of family Arctiidae.

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Navneet Singh ¹, Jagbir Singh ²

Affiliations
1 Zoological Survey of India, Gangetic Plains Regional Centre, Rajendernagar, Patna, IN
2 Department of Zoology, Punjabi University, Patiala 147 002 (Punjab), IN

Abstract

Majority of the arctiid moths can be studied under two subfamilies i.e., Arctiinae and Lithositnae and the members of this group are of much economic importance.They can be identified from the meta thoracic tymbal organ, a pre-spiracular counter tympanal hood and a pair of pheromonal glands between the ovipositor lobes. Arctiid moths are an integral and complex part of our ecosystem and play a vital role in its functioning.

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