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S. M. Ramasamy ¹, J. Saravanavel ¹, R. Selvakumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Centre for Remote Sensing, School of Geosciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli - 620 023, IN

Abstract

The Cauvery delta is a major Bird-Root shaped delta with its apex located east of Tiruchirappalli with the mother channel Cauvery flowing along Thanjavur- Kumbakonam - Kaveripoompaitinam. The distributary drainages are radialing over an arc towards east from its apex with a fan shape and finally debouch into the sea from south of Tiruthuraipoondi in the south to Kaveripoompattinam in the north. All these distributary drainages are now seen as palaeochannels including the mother channel Cauvery. which is now called as "Palam Cauvery". The present day flow of Callvery river is confined to the northernmost rim of the delta as river Coleroon. On he basis of the archaeological, epigraphic and historical data analysed earlier and the ¹⁴C dating carried out recently, the present authors infer that the age of the delta may vary from 2300 Y.B.P. (Years Before Present) to 750 Y.B.P. and the age of the palaeochannels are also younging from 2300 Y.B.P. in the south to 750 Y.B.P. in the north. In the southern part of the Cauvery delta, the Mio-Pliocene Sandstone of Pattukottai-Mannargudi area is undergoing upliftment along N-S faults. On the basis of the rapid land progradation during 6085±233 Y.B.P. - 1020±80 Y.B.P. in Vedaranniyam coast, it is visualized that the Mio-Pliocene Sandstone must be undergoing upliftlnenl significantly since 6 100 Y.B.P. onwards. On the basis of the occurrence of older palaeochannels in the south, the gradual younging palaeochannels towards the north and the land emergence in the south of the Cauvery delta in Pattukottai - Mannatgudi area, i t is concluded that the distributary drainages of river Cauvery would have become sequentially defunct/shifted from south to north and linally the mother channel Cauvery also would have been pushed towards north to reach the present tract of Coleroon river. The thinner palaeochannels in the south and the gradual wider palaeochannels in the north of the delta further indicate that as the land was already undergoing emergence in the south even before the river Cauvery had entered into Thanjavur plains, the river could not comfortably spread its distributaries in the south. Hence the southern distributaries, alter a brief flow, would have started drying sequentially from south to north during 2300-750 Y.B.P. thereby the floodwater of each of the southern distributary channel would have been pushed to its successive northern counterpart, i.e. the southern distributary (say 1 ) , pushing its water to its immediate northern counterparl (say 2). then the combined flow of 1 and 2 pushing the water to 3 and so on. The anomalous eyed drainage and its modifications during the last 50-60 years and compressed meanders in Coleroon river. deflected drainages in Palam Cauvery, truncation and punctuation of beach ridges by the E-W faults along the N-S coast and such faults acting as pathways for the sub parallel creeks indicate vibrant Late Holocenc geological history predominated by the tectonic movements in Cauvery delta.

Keywords

Remote Sensing, Geomorphic Anomalies, Post Deltaic Geological Events, Late Holocene Tectonics of Cauvery Delta.

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S. M. Ramasamy ¹, C. J. Kumanan ¹, J. Saravanavel ¹, R. Selvakumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Centre for Remote Sensing, School of Geosciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli-620 023, IN

Abstract

The recent disastrous tsunami of December 26, 2004, has not only alarmed the administrative and the planning machinery to have tsunami mitigation strategies for India, but also signalled the geoscientists to have a deeper look on the phenomenon of tsunami and the vulnerabilities of the Indian coasts. In this context, the authors have conducted a study primarily to evaluate the responses of the coastal geosystems to the tsunami mundations, as it is a very vital component in framing strategies for mitigating the effect of tsunami. The study has revealed that the central coastal parts of Tamil Nadu, namely Cuddalore-Nagapattinam districts, which were worst affected by the recent tsunami, expose a combination of landforms of tectonic, fluvial, fluvio-Marine and marine processes. These different landforms have responded differently to the recent tsunami viz as facilitators, carriers, accommodators, absorbers, barriers etc. On the basis of the same, different eco-Friendly, cost effective and result oriented methods are suggested to mitigate the effects of tsunamis.

Keywords

Coastal Tectonics and Geomorphology, Tsunami Mitigation, Tamil Nadu.

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Pramod Singh ¹, M. G. Yadava ², Malik Z. Ahmad ¹, P. P. Mohapatra ¹, A. H. Laskar ², S. Doradla ¹, J. Saravanavel ³, C. J. Kumanan ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Earth Sciences, School of Physical, Chemical and Applied Sciences, Pondicherry University, R.V. Nagar, Kalapet, Puducherry 605 014, IN
2 Geoscience Division, Physical Research Laboratory, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380 009, IN
3 Centre for Remote Sensing, Bharathidasan University, Khajamalai Campus, Tiruchirappalli 620 023, IN

Abstract

The Cauvery delta encompasses legendary farmlands for at least over the last ~2300 years BP that had supported the growth of the famous Chola and Pandya kingdoms. The chrono-stratigraphic study from six sediment cores taken from the Cauvery basin indicates Holocene evolution of the present delta in response to the past sea-level changes. It is found that at the time of lower sea level during the Last Glacial Maximum, older sediments from the present delta plain, were removed and the extent of removal in different parts was observed to have been controlled by the variation in shelf morphology. Subsequent sealevel rise during the deglaciation after the Last Glacial Maximum, led to filling of the incised valleys with the younger sediments of the Holocene. Nilgiri- Kodaikanal-Palani-Biligirirangan hills granulites and Brahmagiri regions constitute the upper catchment. Geochemistry of the sediments indicates presence of plagioclase and dominance of 2:1 clay, suggesting weathering-limited provenance of southern granulitetype rocks, the source of which is perhaps the high relief and tectonically more active Nilgiri-Kodaikanal- Palani-Biligirirangan hills mountain region rather than the Brahmagiri region. A continuous deposition since the beginning of the Holocene has resulted in the formation of fertile farmlands in the Cauvery delta region.

Keywords

Cauvery, Delta, Farmlands, Holocene Evolution, Sea-Level Change.

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Sm. Ramasamy ¹, J. Saravanavel ¹, C. J. Kumanan ¹, S. Gunasekaran ¹

Affiliations
1 Centre for Remote Sensing, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 023, IN

Abstract

As the southern part of the Indian Peninsula including the state of Tamil Nadu (TN) (Figure 1 a and b) is a low easterly gradient plain, the rivers that originate from the Western Ghats and the uplands in the west seem to have flowed towards the east with stable dynamics as evidenced from their well-evolved life histories with youthful, mature and old stages. So, the mouths of these river systems provided favourable avenues for ports and the related flourishing maritime activities since historical times. The port city of Poompuhar located at the mouth of River Cauvery in TN was one such a city of glory and had a prominent maritime history attracting traders from several countries (Figure 1).

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S. M. Ramasamy ¹, J. Saravanavel ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Remote Sensing, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli - 620 023, IN

Abstract

No Abstract.

Keywords

No Keywords.

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S. M. Ramasamy ¹, J. Saravanavel ¹, K. Palanivel ¹, C. J. Kumanan ¹, D. Rajasekhar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Remote Sensing, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 023, IN
2 National Institute of Ocean Technology, Velacherry–Tambaram Main Road, Pallikaranai, Chennai 600 100, IN

Abstract

Similar to several ancient coastal/port cities of the world, the Indian subcontinent too had a number of them. The Poompuhar is one such port city established at the mouth of river Cauvery by the Chola dynasty 2000 years ago according to the literature and history. However, while later archaeological studies indicate its spread 20 km along the coast and up to 8 km inside the Bay of Bengal sea, the recent studies indicated its initial establishment over one of the Cauvery’s oldest deltas of 11,000-15,000-year-old at 30 km inside sea and the later shift to the present location. Now, the GEBCO-2019 and MBES based present study revealed the presence of a harbour and related structures in the above delta, resembling 6000-2000- year-old harbours of the world and the knowledge of the people in construction technology and marine environment.

Keywords

Ancient Port City, Offshore Region, Seabed Topography, Submerged Harbour.

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