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Indu Sharma ¹, Mandeep Kaur ¹, Bharat Parashar ², Amrita Kainth ²

Affiliations
1 The Department of Pharmacy, Satyam Polytechnic College, Amritsar, IN
2 The Department of Pharmacy, Manav Bharti University, Solan, IN

Abstract

Depression may be described as feeling sad, blue, unhappy, miserable, or down in the dumps. Most of us feel this way at one time or another for short periods. True clinical depression is a mood disorder in which feelings of sadness, loss, anger, or frustration interfere with everyday life for weeks or longer. There are many factors that play role in depression are like alcohol or drug abuse, Divorce, sleeping problem, job loss, death or illness of someone close to you, social isolation etc. Depression can change or distort the way you see yourself, your life, and those around you. People who have depression usually see everything with a more negative attitude, unable to imagine that any problem or situation can be solved in a positive way. Conventional antidepressant drugs are usually associated with many side effects. Sometimes herbal remedies play important role in treatment of depression. However, Ayurvedic knowledge needs to be coupled with modern medicine and more scientific research needs to be done to verify the effectiveness, and elucidate the safety profile of such herbal remedies for their antidepressant potential, now a day's herbal remedies are more in use due to fewer side effects. The present review article give idea about different forms of depression and the treatment of depression with the use of some herbal remedies and it also include some alternatives of antidepressant. Generally antidepressants are drugs that are used to treat depression.

Keywords

Depression, Conventional, Antidepressant, Scientific Research, Clinical Depression.

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Indu Sharma ¹, R. K. Sharma ¹, R. Sendhil ¹

Affiliations
1 Wheat Research, Karnal 132 001, IN

Abstract

No Abstract.

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Gaurav Kumar ¹, Indu Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 The Dept. of Pharmacy, Satyam Polytechnic & Pharmacy College, Amritsar, IN

Abstract

The research work was conducted to investigate the phytochemical analysis of ethanolic, pet ether, water extract of seeds of Tamarindus indica. The study of medicinal plants opened the door to the development of purified and defined chemical compounds. Tamarind (Tamarindus indica, Fabaceae), a tropical fruit found in Africa and Asia is highly valued for its pulp. Tamarind fruit pulp has a sweet acidic taste due to a combination of high contents of tartaric acid and reducing sugars. The pulp is used for seasoning, in prepared foods, to flavor confections, curries and sauces, and as a major ingredient in juices and other beverages. Tamarind is the ripe fruit of the Tamarindus Indica tree, which is used as a condiment, or more precisely as an 'acidulant' like amchur. Each and every part of the Tamarind tree, especially the fruit is beneficial for the society. The sweetish acidic pulp of the fruit is a product of commercial importance. Phytochemical screening of ethanolic seed extracts and dry seeds water extract of Tmarindus indica is presented in Table-1. Tamarind seeds were powdered and extracted in a soxhlet extractor using ethanol, pet ether and water. The phytochemical analysis was carried out on ethanolic, Pet ether and water seed extract of Tamarindus indica and showed the presence of some bioactive compounds in the plant The extracts were concentrated under vacuum to obtain crude extracts. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of carbohydrates, proteins sapponins, tannins, phenolics, flavonoid in the ethanolic, pet ether and water extract of seeds of plant. Most of the chemical constituents was present in ethanolic extract of seeds of plant.

Keywords

Tamarindus indica, Acidulant, Chemical Constituents, Commercial, Phytochemical Analysis.

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Indu Sharma ¹, Bharat Parashar ¹, Hitesh Kumar Dhamija ¹, Ritu Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Manav Bharti University, Solan, IN

Abstract

Hypertension (HTN) or high blood pressure, sometimes arterial hypertension, is a chronic medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is elevated. This requires the heart to work harder than normal to circulate blood through the blood vessels. Blood pressure involves two measurements, systolic and diastolic, which depend on whether the heart muscle is contracting (systole) or relaxed between beats (diastole). A number of plants have been described in Ayurveda and other traditional system of medicine for the treatment of hypertension. Conventional antihypertensive drugs are usually associated with many side effects. Research has found a variety of alternative therapies to be successful in reducing high blood pressure including diet, exercise, stress, management, supplements and herbs. About 75 to 80% of the world population use herbal medicines, mainly in developing countries, for primary health care because of their better acceptability with human body and lesser side effects. However, Ayurvedic knowledge needs to be coupled with modern medicine and more scientific research needs to be done to verify the effectiveness, and elucidate the safety profile of such herbal remedies for their antihypertensive potential, now a day's herbal remedies are more in use due to fewer side effects. The present review article give idea about treatment of hypertension with the use of herbal plants.

Keywords

Antihypertensive, Hypertension, Herbal Plant, Modern Medicine, Medicinal Plants.

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Priyanka Mukherjee ¹, Amarjit Karam ¹, Uttam Singh ¹, Amit Kumar Chakraborty ¹, Surmani Huidrom ¹, Arnab Sen ¹, Indu Sharma ²

Affiliations
1 Division of Animal Health, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Umiam-793103, Meghalaya, IN
2 Department of Microbiology, Assam University, Silchar-788011, Assam, IN

Abstract

Aim: A pilot study was carried out to find out the seroprevalence of Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2), classical swine fever virus (CSFV), and Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (PRRS) in pig population of Meghalaya.
Materials and Methods: Serum samples were collected from piglets of 40–45 days age group, growers, and sows reared under organized and unorganized management in 11 districts of Meghalaya situated in the Khasi, Jaintia, and Garo hills divisions in the time period of 2014-2016 from apparently healthy and suspected pigs. Seroprevalence of PCV2, CSFV, and PRRS specific antibodies was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Results: A total of 1899 serum samples were collected and screened using antibody ELISA kits specific for PCV2, CSFV, and PRRS. The highest antibody prevalence during the selected time periods was detected for PCV2 (80.8% in 2014, 79.1% in 2015, and 96.2% in 2016) followed by CSFV (76.4% in 2014, 66.09% in 2015, and 25.5% in 2016) and PRRS (2.8% in 2014, 2.7% in 2015, and 3.62% in 2016). The result indicates high seroprevalence for PCV2, which can be considered as an inducement factor due to the immunosuppressive nature of the virus, for animals being susceptible to other pathogens in farms where airborne transmission of PCV2 and postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome among animals reared in close pens can be a major possibility.
Conclusion: The data from this study indicates ubiquitous prevalence of PCV2 antibodies in the farm animals along with the endemic presence of swine fever and emergence of PRRS in an organized farm. There are few reports regarding PCV2 infections/outbreaks in pigs associated with reproductive failure from northern and southern part of India, but till date, there are no reports regarding concomitant infection of CSFV and PCV2 from India. Considerable high seropositivity of PCV2 indicates the need for high impact hygiene practice in farms, routine seromonitoring and implementation the vaccination program. To the author’s best knowledge, this is the first documented report on the seroprevalence of PCV2, CSFV, and PRRS from pig population of Meghalaya.

Keywords

Antibody, Classical Swine Fever Virus, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Meghalaya, Porcine circovirus, Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome Virus, Seroprevalence, Virus.

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Neha Sharma , Gurjinder Singh Hundal , Indu Sharma , Renu Bhardwaj

Abstract

Objectives: The application of brassinosteroids (BRs), the plant steroidal hormones, results in an increased tolerance toward stress and thus helps improving the yield of crop plants. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of 28‑homobrassinolide (28‑HBL) on the protein content as well as activities of antioxidant enzymes viz., glutathione‑s‑transferase (GST) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in radish plants grown under Cadmium (Cd) and Mercury (Hg) metal stress. Materials and Methods: Shoots of 60 and 90 days old radish plants, grown under Cd and Hg metal stress (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 mM) and given the presowing treatment of 28‑HBL (0, 10–7, 10–9, 10–11 M) to seeds for 8 h, were analyzed for protein content and GST and PPO enzyme activities. Results: Protein content showed decrease in plants given Cd and Hg metal treatment alone, while treatment with 28‑HBL enhanced the protein content, suggesting its stress protective role. An increase in the activity of antioxidative enzymes was also observed in plants stressed with heavy metals as well as in those supplemented with 28‑HBL. Conclusions: In the present investigation, the activity of antioxidative enzymes was found to increase due to metal stress and a further increase was noticed in plants given both metal and 28‑HBL treatment, suggesting the stress protective role of 28‑HBL via modulating the antioxidative enzymes.

Keywords

28‑HBL, glutathione‑s‑transferase, polyphenol oxidase, Raphanus sativus L.

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