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Abbas, Hisham A.
- Biofilms: the Microbial Castle of Resistance
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1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology-Faculty of Pharmacy-Zagazig University- Zagazig, EG
1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology-Faculty of Pharmacy-Zagazig University- Zagazig, EG
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, Vol 6, No 1 (2013), Pagination: 1-3Abstract
Biofilms are highly resistant to antimicrobial agents. As a consequence, biofilm-based infections are recalcitrant and their treatment is very difficult. Many factors contribute to the biofilm resistance to antimicrobials. The mechanisms of resistance include delayed diffusion of antibiotics through the biofilm matrix, low oxygen and nutrient, reduced growth rates and metabolism. Other resistance mechanisms involved are biofilm-specific phenotypic variants, stress response activation, over expression of efflux pumps, formation of persisters and quorum sensing.Keywords
Biofilm, Antimicrobial Resistance, Biofilm Matrix, Quorum Sensing, Persister Cells, Phenotypic Variants, Efflux Pumps
References
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- Ambroxol Blocks Swarming and Swimming Motilities and Inhibits Biofilm formation by Proteus mirabilis Isolated from Diabetic Foot Infection
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology-Faculty of Pharmacy-Zagazig University- Zagazig- Egypt, EG
1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology-Faculty of Pharmacy-Zagazig University- Zagazig- Egypt, EG
Source
Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, Vol 3, No 3 (2013), Pagination: 109-116Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of ambroxol to block the swarming and swimming motilities and biofilm formation of Proteus mirabilis isolated from diabetic foot ulcers as a new agent for the treatment of diabetic foot infections.
Assays of swarming and swimming motilities on LB agar in the presence and absence of sub-inhibitory concentrations of ambroxol were performed by measuring the distance of swarming and swimming in addition to microscopical examination of vegetative and swarmer cells. Moreover, biofilm formation and removal by ambroxol was investigated in polystyrene microtiter plates.
Ambroxol in sub-inhibitory concentrations significantly blocked swarming and swimming motilities in a dosedependent manner. Ambroxol decreased swarming and swimming at concentrations of 0.6, 0.7, 0.8 and 0.9 mg/ml. At a concentration of 0.9 mg/ml, ambroxol completely inhibited swarming and swimming. Ambroxol also could significantly inhibit biofilm formation and remove pre-formed biofilms in a concentration-dependent manner.
This study suggests that ambroxol could be used for the treatment of Proteus mirabilis diabetic foot infections due to its ability to interfere with swarming and invasion of tissues in addition to inhibition of biofilm formation and removal of established biofilms.
Keywords
Proteus mirabilis, Ambroxol, Diabetic Foot Infection, Swarming, Swimming, Biofilm InhibitionReferences
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- Comparative Assessment of Biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates by Crystal Violet Assay and Viable Count Assay
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Affiliations
1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EG
1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EG
Source
Research Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 4, No 5 (2012), Pagination: 181-184Abstract
This study was performed to detect biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa by qualitative and quantitative methods. Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were tested for their ability to form biofilm by the tube method, the spectrophotometric and the viable count methods. Sixteen isolates (69.6%) were strong biofilm forming; two isolates (8.7%) were moderate biofilm forming, while five isolates (21.7%) were weak biofilm forming by both the tube and spectrophotometric methods. On the other hand, the viable count method was poorly correlated with either of the tube and spectrophotometric methods. High viable counts were recorded for biofilms formed by thirteen isolates (56.5%), one of which was moderate biofilm forming by the spectrophotometric method. Intermediate viable counts were found for biofilms formed by seven isolates (30.4%) including three strong biofilm forming isolates by the tube method, four strong biofilm forming isolates by the spectrophotometric method and two moderate biofilm forming isolates by both the spectrophotometric and the tube methods. This discrepancy of results may be attributed to the fact that, the matrix material and dead cells, in addition to the viable cells, are measured by the tube and spectrophotometric method, while the viable count method detects only viable cells within the biofilm.Keywords
Biofilm, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Biofilm Assessment, Tube, Spectrophotometric, Viable Count.- Modulation of Antibiotic Activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa by N-Acetylcysteine, Ambroxol and Ascorbic Acid
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EG
1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EG
Source
Asian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol 2, No 4 (2012), Pagination: 123-128Abstract
The possible synergy between antibiotics and each of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), ambroxol and ascorbic acid against five clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was evaluated. Synergy was found with 50% of isolates. NAC showed higher synergy than ambroxol and ascorbic acid. The synergy rates were 80%, 55% and 15% for NAC, ambroxol and ascorbic acid, respectively. Combinations of NAC with each of cefepime, ceftazidime, cefoperazone and meropenem and those of tetracycline with each of NAC and ambroxol showed the highest synergy. NAC showed synergy with all combinations except with levofloxacin with which indifference was found. The synergy rates were higher with β-lactam antibiotics. Antagonism was observed with gentamicin. Ambroxol showed stronger synergy with tetracycline, chloramphenicol and cefepime than with ceftazidime, meropenem, levofloxacin and cefoperazone. Indifference was found with gentamicin, levofloxacin, cefoperazone, ceftazidime, chloramphenicol, cefepime and meropenem. On the other hand ascorbic acid showed weak synergistic activity. Ascorbic acid could only potentiate chloramphenicol, meropenem, cefepime and cefoperazone. Indifference was found with levofloxacin, cefepime, ceftazidime, gentamicin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol and meropenem. These results suggest the use of combinations of NAC, ambroxol and ascorbic acid with antibiotics to combat the antibiotic resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Keywords
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, NAC, Ambroxol, Ascorbic Acid, Antibiotics, Synergy.- Combating Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms by Potential Biofilm Inhibitors
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EG
1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EG
Source
Asian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol 2, No 2 (2012), Pagination: 66-72Abstract
Ten potential antibiofilm agents (N-acetylcysteine (NAC), ambroxol, piroxicam, diclofenac sodium, ketoprofen, 4- nitropyrdidine-N-oxide (4NPO), sodium ascorbate, sucralose, xylitol and sorbitol) showed varied activity against preformed biofilms formed by twenty clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa as demonstrated by minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC). 4NPO was the most active; Diclofenac sodium, ketoprofen, N-acetylcysteine, ambroxol, sodium ascorbate and piroxicam showed moderate activity, while sucralose, xylitol, and sorbitol demonstrated weak activity.Keywords
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Biofilm Inhibition, Antibiofilm Agents.- Antibacterial, Anti-Swarming and Antibiofilm Activities of Local Egyptian Clover Honey against Proteus mirabilis Isolated from Diabetic Foot Infection
Abstract Views :241 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EG
1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EG
Source
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, Vol 3, No 3 (2013), Pagination: 114-117Abstract
Diabetic foot infection is a serious complication of diabetes that can lead to amputation of lower extremities. Proteus mirabilis is common in diabetic foot infections. These infections are problematic in treatment due to high resistance to antibiotics and biofilm formation. This study investigated the antimicrobial, anti-swarming and antibiofilm activities of local Egyptian clover honey against a clinical Proteus mirabilis isolate from diabetic foot ulcer. Honey is one of the oldest remedies for wound infections. Honey at a concentration of 40% was bactericidal to the planktonic cells of Proteus mirabilis. Swarming and biofilm formation are correlated. At 1/2 MIC of honey, it completely blocked swarming of Proteus mirabilis on 1.5% Luria-Bertani (LB) agar and inhibited biofilm formation by a percentage of 85.86±3.41. This study suggests the use of clover honey as an alternative therapy for treatment of diabetic foot infections caused by Proteus mirabilis due to combined antibacterial, anti-swarming and antibiofilm activities.Keywords
Anti-Swarming, Antibiofilm, Clover Honey, Proteus mirabilis, Diabetic Foot Infection.- Synergic Interaction between Antibiotics and the Artificial Sweeteners Xylitol and Sorbitol against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms
Abstract Views :223 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EG
1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EG
Source
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, Vol 2, No 4 (2012), Pagination: 129-131Abstract
Biofilm-associated infections are persistent and difficult to treat due to the multifactorial antimicrobial resistance. Sugar alcohols have a significant inhibitory effect on dental biofilms. They can reduce the amount of dental plaque and the extracellular polysaccharide (glucans) and intracellular matrix production. The interference with the production of glucans could decrease the extracellular matrix component of mixed oral biofilms.- Resistance of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from different Sources to β-Lactam Antibiotics
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EG
2 Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Mansoura, EG
1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EG
2 Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Mansoura, EG
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, Vol 10, No 2 (2017), Pagination: 589-591Abstract
Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae are important human pathogens that cause many infectious diseases. β-lactam antibiotics are commonly used in the treatment of these infections. However, resistance to such antibiotics complicates the treatment. Mechanisms of resistance to β-lactams include production of β-lactamases, efflux pumps, change in drug targets and outer membrane impermeability. This study was performed to investigate the resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli to β-lactam antibiotics. The study was carried out from May 2014 to May 2015. Five hundred clinical isolates were collected from patients in Belquas Hospital and Mansoura University Hospitals. Three hundred isolates were identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli (one hundred and fifty isolates each). Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli isolates showed high resistance to cefoperazone and ceftriaxone, intermediate resistance to cefoxitin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and low resistance to imipenem and meropenem. Klebsiella pneumoniae showed more resistance than Escherichia coli. Resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae was higher to cefoperazone, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, imipenem and meropenem. However, Escherichia coli was more resistant to cefotaxime and cefoxitin. The resistance to amoxicillin-clavulinic acid was more or less similar in both bacteria. In conclusion, the resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli isolates to B-lactams was high and this needs a strict policy for antibiotic dispensing to reduce the emergence of resistance.
Keywords
β-Lactams, Resistance, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli.- Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Proteus mirabilis Isolates from Urinary Tract, Burn Wound and Diabetic Foot Infections
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Zagazig, Zagazig University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, EG
1 Zagazig, Zagazig University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, EG
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, Vol 11, No 1 (2018), Pagination: 249-252Abstract
Proteus mirabilis is a common etiologic agent of urinary tract, burn wound and diabetic foot infections. Resistance to Proteus mirabilis is also common and represents a challenge to antibiotic therapy. This study aimed to investigate the antibiotic resistance of Proteus mirabilis isolated from three sources; urinary tract infections, burn wound infections in addition to diabetic foot infections. Forty-five clinical isolates of Proteus mirabilis (15 from each source) were used in this study. Complete resistance was found with each of ampicillin and tetracycline. High resistance was exhibited with cefepime. The resistance was intermediate against ceftazidime, cefotaxime, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, amoxicillin-clavulinic, chloramphenicol, cefoperazone, aztreonam and ampicillin-sulbactam. Low resistance was found with piperacillin. These low resistance rates were also shown against tested aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones. Very little resistance was found to imipenem, while no resistance was exhibited against piperacillin- tazobactam. The resistance pattern showed variation among different sources. Generally, burn wound isolates showed the highest resistance rates followed by diabetic foot isolates, while urinary tract isolates were the least resistant. High resistance was found with cefepime only in isolates from urinary tract infections and no diabetic foot isolate was highly resistant to any of the tested antibiotics. However, such resistance was observed with amoxicillin-clavulinic acid, cefepime, ceftazidime, cefotaxime and sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim in burn wound isolates. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was also found with varying rates in isolates from different sources. MDR was more common in burn wound isolates than in diabetic foot isolates or urinary tract isolates. This study suggests that there is a variation in antibiotic resistance of Proteus mirabilis among different sources and alarms against high resistance especially in burn wound isolates that requires a strict policy in antibiotic dispensing to minimize such tesistance.Keywords
Proteus mirabilis, Burn Infection, Urinary Tract Infection, Diabetic Foot Infection, Antibiotic Resistance.References
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