Informatics Publishing Limited

Shweta Sharma ¹, Himanshu Sharma ², Ajaya Kumar ³, Nidhika Birla ³

Affiliations
1 MMEC, Mullana, IN
2 Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, MMEC, Mullana, IN
3 Electronics Engineering Department, HEC, Jagadhri, IN

Abstract

Future Wireless communication systems have to be designed to integrate features such as high data rates, high quality of service and multimedia in the existing communication framework. So modulation techniques that conserve bandwidth are developed using QAM (Quadrature amplitude modulation). In this paper the design of 128-QAM modulator is presented. The RTL code is written in Verilog-HDL and simulated in Xilinx. The power optimization technique i.e. clock gating was carried out for the modulator. Rectangular constellation is used to map the input bits for ease of implementation. It is then mixed with the carrier wave and transmitted. An external memory is used in the design to facilitate low power consumption. The multiplier is disabled after one clock cycle of computation and the data is then retrieved through the memory till the next input arrives. By using clock gating technique, the power is reduced. It is evident from the modified design that by controlling the clock of each sub module, the dynamic power reduced significantly. By incorporating the external memory, the power consumption was reduced by 40%.

Keywords

QAM-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation, EDA-Electronic Design Automation, LUT-Look Up Table, SIPO-Serial in Parallel out.

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Prerna Kumari ¹, Himanshu Sharma ², Aishwarya Shekhar ³

Affiliations
1 Banasthali Vidyapith, Tonk, Rajasthan, IN
2 Nic, Delhi, IN
3 Manipal University, Jaipur, IN

Abstract

This paper presents a review study on cloud computing and the big data analytics using the hadoop. Hadoop is an open source tool used for data storage of unstructured data. Hadoop can also be defined as the engineering part of big data which is only a predictive analysis and it is mainly used for processing and analysis of data. It has mainly two core components: HDFS (Hadoop distributed file system) which stores large amount of data in a reliable manner and another one is Map Reduce which is a function used for parallel processing of data. Hadoop does not perform well for short files as a large number of short files pose a heavy burden on the Name Node of HDFS and an increase in execution time for Map Reduce is encountered. Hadoop is designed to handle large size files and hence suffers a performance penalty while dealing with large number of short files. This research work gives an introduction about HDFS, short file problem and existing ways to deal with it. Now a day's storage is not a big issue, the issue is how we can make sense of data and how to explain to the industry that our cloud is safe.

Keywords

Big Data Analytics, Cloud Computing, Hadoop, Short Files.

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Himanshu Sharma ¹, Kuldip Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, M M University, Mullana, Ambala - 133207, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Objectives: For dynamic spectrum sharing and for spectrum scarcity problem solution, Cognitive radio is used. This paper provides Primary User Emulation Attack analysis on Cognitive radio. Methods: This paper presents simulation framework to evaluate the impact of Primary User Emulation Attack on Cognitive radio network. For evaluation of the capability analysis of Cognitive radio networks under Primary User Emulation Attack, a hypothesis test at secondary user based on measured Probability density function of power received has been conducted. Simulation is done with MATLAB 2012b. Findings: For Primary User Emulation Attack analysis on Cognitive radio, the simulation results based on probabilities of miss detection as well as false alarm have been shown. The conclusion is that with increased number of malicious users within the system, false alarm probability also increases. Application: These results are useful for Primary User Emulation Attack analysis on Cognitive radio and are also useful to telecom operators.

Keywords

Cognitive Radio (CR), Primary User Emulation Attack (PUEA), Probability Density Function (PDF), Probability of False Alarm

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Bhavana Srivastava ¹, Himanshu Sharma ¹, Vikas Chandra Sharma ¹, S. C. Verma ², A. D. Jadhav ¹

Affiliations
1 National Research Institute for Ayurveda Siddha Human Resource Development, Aamkho, Gwalior-474009, (M.P), IN
2 Pharmacopeia Commission for Indian Medicine & Homeopathy, PLIM Campus, Kamala Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad-201002, IN

Abstract

Pterocarpus marsupium commonly called Indian kino tree is a medicinal plant widely used in Ayurveda. As per the Ayurvedic literature, heart wood of this plant is used in Krmiroga, Kustha, Prameha, Pandu, and Medodosa. Removal of heart wood from trunk of this tree may make this plant weak and susceptible to damage by insects and natural elements. Due to which availability of this plant may be difficult in near future for use in Indian system of medicine. This work is an attempt to evaluate the possibilities of using small branches in place of heart wood. The standard parameters of small branches of P. marsupium have not been prepared yet. So work is carried out to establish preliminary physicochemical and phytochemical standards of small branches of P. marsupium. Heart wood and small branches of P. marsupium are compared on the basis of physicochemical analysis, phytochemical analysis and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). Total phenolic contents of heart wood and small branches in terms of tannic acid equivalent were 36.65±0.90 and 41.91±1.05 mg/g, respectively and total flavonoid contents in terms of querecetin equivalent were 56.30±0.38 and 70.22±1.25 mg/g, respectively. Phytochemical analysis of heartwood and small branches showed the presence of phenols, tannins, alkaloids, carbohydrates, saponins, proteins, steroids, flavanoids, coumarin, quinine and furanoids in various extracts tested. HPTLC of n-hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of heart wood and small branches showed different phytochemical profile. Difference in HPTLC profiles suggests that small branches cannot be used in place of heart wood and further research is required to find out the substitute for heart wood of P. marsupium. Study will be helpful in the identification and quality control of P. marsupium and can provide standard HPTLC profiles of P. marsupium with selected solvent system for use as a reference for the proper identification/ authentication of the drug. Good amount of total phenolics and total flavonoids in small branches and HPTLC profile with many bands indicates that small branches may also have potential active constituents and may be studied for various pharmacological activities.

Keywords

Pterocarpus Marsupium, Physicochemical Analysis, Phytochemical Analysis, HPTLC Profile.

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Swati ¹, Himanshu Sharma ¹, Ankita Mishra ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Printing Technology, GJUS&T, Hisar, IN

Abstract

This paper throws light on influence of surrounding lightening conditions on perception of different colors by male and female. Color plays a significant role in perceiving things but perception of colors, changes in ambient lighting conditions. 20-20 boys and girls and boys are exposed to RED, YELLOW, BLUE, GREEN and D-50 to analyze degree of metamerism in test sample chart print. The results indicated that degree of metamerism is more in.

Keywords

Metamerism, Colors, Lighting Conditions, D50.

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Himanshu Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Maharaja Agrasen University, Baddi – 174103, Himachal Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Objectives: In this study an effort has been made to review the research works done on plastic pet bottles as a construction material replacing traditional bricks. Methods/Statistical Analysis: Construction activities impact a lot on the environment throughout the life cycle of the project. It is seen that a pet bottle fully filled and compacted with sand achieves a much higher compressive strength than that of a brick. On the other hand as the pet bottles can easily be collected from the waste, the cost of construction of this material is comparatively very less to that of the bricks. Findings: In this study several parameters like thermal study, sound insulation, light transmission, strength parameters, and structural stability have also been reviewed. Applications: The use of PET bottle is discussed and it can be used in constructing various structures which helps in sustainable development of the society.

Keywords

Brick, Compressive Strength, Eco-Brick, Green Construction, PET Bottle, Plastic, Waste.

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Rajesh Singh ¹, Himanshu Sharma ², Naval Kishore Mehta ¹, Anil Vohra ¹, Sanjay Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronic Science, Kurukshetra University, IN
2 CSIR-Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute, Pilani, IN

Abstract

Automatic facial expression recognition (FER) remained a challenging problem in computer vision. Recognition of human facial expression is difficult for machine learning techniques since there is a variation in emotional expression from person to person. With the advancement in deep learning and the easy availability of digital data, this process has become more accessible. We proposed an efficient facial expression recognition model based EfficientNet as backbone architecture and trained the proposed model using the transfer learning technique. In this work, we have trained the network on publicly available emotion datasets (RAF-DB, FER-2013, CK+). We also used two ways to compare our trained model: inner and cross-data comparisons. In an internal comparison, the model achieved an accuracy of 81.68 % on DFEW and 71.02 % on FER-2013. In a cross-data comparison, the model trained on RAF-DB and tested on CK+ achieved 78.59%, while the model trained on RAF-DB and tested on FER-2013 achieved 56.10% accuracy. Finally, we generated an t-SEN distribution of our model on both datasets to demonstrate the model's inter-class discriminatory power.

Keywords

FER, Deep Convolution Neural Network, EfficientNet, Transfer Learning

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