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Lilik Maslachah ¹, Thomas V. Widiyatno ², Lita Rakhma Yustinasari ³, Hani Plumeriastuti ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Basic Medicine, Veterinary Pharmacy Laboratory, Airlangga University Surabaya, ID
2 Department of Pathology, Airlangga University Surabaya, ID
3 Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Airlangga University Surabaya, ID
4 Department of Veterinary Pathology, Airlangga University Surabaya, ID

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study is to prove the development of artemisinin resistance phenotypically in malaria rodent as an in vivo resistance development model in humans.

Materials and Methods: Plasmodium berghei was infected intraperitoneally in mice, then artemisinin was given with “4-day-test” with effective dose (ED) 99% dose for 3 days which begins 48 h after infection (D2, D3, and D4). Parasite development was followed during 5^th until 10^th days of infection. After parasitemia >2% of red blood cell which contains parasites on 1 mice, that mice were used as donor to be passaged on the new 5 mice. After that, parasitemia was calculated. ED₅₀ and ED₉₀ were examined with parasite clearance time (PCT), recrudescence time (RT), and also morphology development examination of intraerythrocytic cycle of P. berghei with transmission electron microscope.

Results: Among the control group compare with the treatment group showed significant differences at α=0.05 on 5^th day (D5) until 10^th day (D10). The control group of 4^th passage (K4) with passage treatment group of 4^th passage (P4) on the 10^th days (D10) post infection showed no significant differences in the α=0.05. The average percentage of inhibition growth was decreasing which is started from 5th to 10th day post infection in P1, P2, P3, and P4. On the development of P. berghei stage, which is given repeated artemisinin and repeated passage, there was a formation of dormant and also vacuoles in Plasmodium that exposed to the drug.

Conclusion: Exposure to artemisinin with repeated passages in mice increased the value of ED₅₀ and ED₉₀, decreased the PCT and RT and also changes in morphology dormant and vacuole formation.

Keywords

Artemisinin, Parasite Clearance Time, Phenotypic, Plasmodium berghei , Recrudescence Time, Resistance.

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Firdausy Kurnia Maulana ¹, Didik Handijatno ², Hani Plumeriastuti ³, Rahaju Ernawati ², Wiwiek Tyasningsih ², Mufasirin ⁴

Affiliations
1 Airlangga University, ID
2 Department of Microbiology and Mycology, Airlangga University, ID
3 Department of Veterinary Pathology, Airlangga University, ID
4 Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Airlangga University, ID

Abstract

Haemorrhagic Septicaemia (HS), in Indonesia known as Ngorok disease is a fatal acute septicemia disease in cattle and buffalo caused by Pasteurella multocida. Outer membrane Protein H (OmpH) is one of the major proteins in P. multocida envelope has been purified and characterized as porin immunodominant. The aim of this study is to find out the homology of nucleotide sequence of 37 kDa OmpH gene of P. multocida of local isolate from NTT with vaccine strain (Katha) and 5 referen isolates and predict the epitope of 37 kDa OmpH gene. Detection of 37 kDa OmpH gene was done using PCR. Homology analysis of nucleotide and amino acid sequences was performed on the BLAST program at NCBI. Epitope prediction of 37 kDa OmpH genes P. multocida from NTT and vaccine strains was performed using the online programme B Cell Epitope Prediction Tools. The results showed that 37 kDa OmpH gene of P. multocida from NTT has 99% homology to vaccine strain (Katha) and isolates from China, Iran, India, Mesir, and 89% homology to isolate from USA and 37 kDa OmpH gene of P. multocida local isolate from NTT were likely to be immunogen candidates based on B cell epitope that had 11 epitopes. These findings indicate that P. multocida local isolate from NTT has a chance as immunogen candidate, which can be developed as a vaccine candidate and diagnostic kit for HS.

Keywords

Haemorrhagic Septicaemia, P. Multocidatype B, Outer Membrane Protein H(omp H) Gene, Pcr, Sequence, Epitope.

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