Informatics Publishing Limited

Baljinder Singh ¹, Sanjeev Mahajan ², Guresh Pal Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Information Technology in Beant College of Engineering and Technology, Gurdaspur (Punjab), IN
2 Department of Computer Science and Engineering in Beant College of Engineering and Technology, Gurdaspur (Punjab), IN

Abstract

Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is composed of mobile nodes that can be formed without the need of any pre-existing infrastructure or centralized administration. Mobile nodes independently form a network over radio links in an ad-hoc fashion. Routing is done arbitrarily and randomly, due to frequent and unpredictably changes in network wireless topology. To provide and maintain better connectivity for this type of network, a number of routing protocols have been proposed. Simulator models are used for the performance evaluation of the routing protocols before their implementation in real life. CBR traffic is the commonly used traffic type to evaluate MANET routing protocols performance. But TCP traffic is connection oriented and more reliable than CBR traffic. More than 80% of the Internet traffic is based on TCP. Therefore it is necessary to analyze the impact of TCP traffic types on MANET routing protocols before selecting a particular protocol for the network. In this paper, the performance of a most widely used reactive MANET routing protocol "Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector Routing" (AODV) is optimized on TCP traffic by using Taguchi design of experiment (DOE) approach. We inferred the main effect of five factors (Performance Parameters) i.e., No. of nodes, Pause time, Maximum node movement speed, Maximum no. of concurrent connections and Network area. For the evaluation purpose five performance metrics i.e., Routing overhead, Average end-to-end delay, Packet delivery ratio, Throughput and Energy consumed have been considered. The study also uses Taguchi quality loss function for tackling multiple performance metrics and various network parameters simultaneously. Taguchi experimental design comprising of L8 orthogonal array of two levels for each parameter is used to organize the parameters and their range. A statistical analysis of means (ANOM) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) is performed to find the statistically significant optimal values of these parameters in order to achieve the best performance of AODV MANET routing protocol.

Keywords

AEED, ANOVA, AODV, MANET, MSNR, NRL, Orthogonal Array, PDR, Performance Metric, Parameters, Taguchi Design of Experiment, Taguchi Quality Loss Function, SNR, TL.

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Sanjeev Mahajan ¹, Guresh Pal Singh ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Computer Science and Engineering in Beant College of Engineering and Technology, Gurdaspur, IN
2 Department of Information Technology in Beant College of Engineering and Technology, Gurdaspur (Punjab), IN

Abstract

With recent performance advancements in computer and wireless communications technologies, advanced mobile wireless computing is having increasingly widespread use and applications, much of which will involve the use of the Internet Protocol suite. The vision of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) is to support robust and efficient operation in mobile wireless networks by incorporating routing functionality into mobile nodes. Such networks are envisioned to have dynamic, sometimes rapidly-changing, random, multi-hop topologies which are likely composed of relatively bandwidth-constrained wireless links. With the proliferation of inexpensive and portable computing devices, everyone wants to connect with the Internet on the go. Most of the Internet traffic is based on connection oriented transport layer protocol, i.e., transmission control protocol‟ (TCP) that has been designed to provide reliable data transmission in wired networks. For the smooth integration of a MANET with Internet, the performance of TCP must be acceptable in MANET. Constant bit rate (CBR) traffic patterns over UDP are mainly used for the evaluation of MANET routing protocols whereas most of the application layer protocols such as http, ftp, smtp and telnet etc are based on TCP that has different characteristics than that of UDP/CBR. Therefore, it is essential, before selecting a specific MANET routing protocol to be used in MANET, to analyze the effect of TCP traffic patterns on the performance of that MANET routing protocol. In this paper, the effect of different TCP variants have been analyzed on Ad hoc On Demand Distance Vector MANET Routing (AODV) Protocol which is one of the most widely used standard MANET routing protocol. The impact has been analyzed by varying pause time of the node movements. There is significant difference between the performance of AODV depending upon the traffic patterns. CBR is useful for the stress testing of a MANET whereas TCP is more realistic Internet traffic pattern.

Keywords

AODV Routing Protocol, CBR, Mobile Ad Hoc Network, Performance Metrics and TCP Variants.

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Baljinder Singh ¹, Guresh Pal Singh ², Sanjeev Mahajan ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Information Technology in Beant College of Engineering and Technology, Gurdaspur (Punjab), IN
2 Department of Information Technology in Beant College of Engineering and Technology, Gurdaspur, IN
3 Department of Computer Science and Engineering in Beant College of Engineering and Technology, Gurdaspur (Punjab), IN

Abstract

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a collection of mobile nodes dynamically forming temporary network without the use of any existing network infrastructure or centralized administration. To provide and maintain better connectivity for this type of network a number of routing protocols have been proposed. Software Simulators are used for the performance evaluation of the routing protocol before implementing it in real life. CBR traffic is the commonly used as traffic type to evaluate MANET routing protocols performance. But TCP traffic is connection oriented and more reliable than CBR traffic. Therefore it is necessary to analyze the impact of TCP traffic types on MANET routing protocols before selecting a particular protocol for the network. The improvement of one performance metric may be a degradation of another performance metric. A single setup of experiment may be best for packet delivery fraction but the same setting may not yield best results for normalized routing load. In this paper, we optimize the performance of Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) using TCP traffic with multiple performances metric. The Taguchi‟s quality loss function concept has been employed to deal with multi performance metrics. Taguchi experimental design comprising of L8 orthogonal array of two levels for each parameter is used to organize the parameters and their range. A statistical analysis of means (ANOM) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) on quality loss function is performed to find the optimal values of factors which are statistically significant in order to achieve the best performance metrics of DSR routing protocol. The ANOVA results shows that number of nodes and number of connections are the most influential factors on all performance metrics. Taguchi approach suggests that optimal values for number of nodes and number of connections must be kept at low level and value of pause time must be kept at high level.

Keywords

Taguchi design of Experiment, DSR Routing Protocol, Ad Hoc Network, Performance Metric, ANOVA and Orthogonal Array.

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Guresh Pal Singh ¹, Amarpal Singh ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Information Technology in Beant College of Engineering and Technology, Gurdaspur (Punjab), IN
2 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering in Beant College of Engineering and Technology, Gurdaspur (Punjab), IN

Abstract

A wireless mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is self-organizing, infrastructure less and distributed network. In recent years, several on-demand routing protocols have been proposed and prominent among them are Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) for wireless mobile ad hoc networks. This paper presents performance comparison AODV and DSR protocols using the standards of rigorous evaluation by considering a small average amount of network partitioning and large average shortest-path hop count to characterize simulation scenarios. Results indicate that AODV is a better performer than DSR and is suitable for large size mobile ad hoc networks.

Keywords

AODV, DSR, MANET, NS2.

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