Informatics Publishing Limited

S. Sobhana Mari ¹, G. Raju ²

Affiliations
1 School of Computer Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, IN
2 School of Information Science and Technology, Department of Information Technology, Kannur University, IN

Abstract

Finding simple and efficient features for offline hand written character recognition is still an active area of research. In this work, we propose modified view based feature extraction approaches for the recognition of handwritten Tamil characters. In the first approach, the five views of a normalized and binarized character image viz, top, bottom, left, right and front are extracted. Each view is then divided into 16 equal zones and the total numbers of background pixel in each zone are counted. The 80 values so obtained form a feature vector. In the second approach, the normalized and binaraized character images are divided into 16 equal zones. Five views are extracted from each zone and the total number of background pixel in each view is counted, resulting in 80 feature values. Further the above two approaches are modified by employing thinned images instead of the whole image. The extracted features are classified using SVM, MLP and ELM classifier. The discriminative powers of the proposed approaches are compared with that of four popular feature extraction approaches in character recognition. The feature extraction time and classification performances are also compared. The proposed modified approaches results in high classification performance (95.26%) with comparatively less feature extraction time.

Keywords

HCR, Tamil Character, View Based Feature, SVM.

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G. Raju ¹

Affiliations
1 School of Engineering and Technology, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Jakkasandra Post, Kanakapura 562 112, IN

Abstract

Megha-Tropiques is an Indo-French satellite mission for climate research and applications in tropical regions. It is built using ISRO's IRS platform and four high technology payloads: MADRAS, SAPHIR, SCARAB and ROSA. MADRAS is a joint development; CNES provided SAPHIR and SCARAB; ROSA is procured by ISRO. Realization of the satellite was a challenging task for inclined orbit operations, with complex features such as: three mechanically scanning payloads; two payload deployments; large rotating mass (MADRAS); mission-critical power and signaltransfer device. Megha-Tropiques was launched on 12 October 2011 by ISRO's PSLV into a 20° inclined orbit for high observation frequency. It is controlled by ISRO's ISTRAC ground station. Science data is received at ISTRAC and CNES-stations at Kourou and Hartebeeshoek.

Keywords

Flip Mode, IRS Platform, MADRAS, Moon Calibration, TRMM.

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M. Yogeshwar Reddy ¹, V. Ramesh ², Ch. Kista Reddy ³, N. Venugopal ¹, G. Saravanana ¹, M. V. Suryanarayana ¹, B. Shyam Sunder ¹, R. Surendranath Reddy ¹, G. Raju ²

Affiliations
1 Matrix Laboratoires Ltd., R&D Centre, Jinnaram Mandal, Medak, 502325, IN
2 National Centre for Mass Spectrometry, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 007, IN
3 Department of Chemistry, P.G. College of Science, Saifabad, Hyderabad, IN

Abstract

A sensitive Gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) method is developed and validated for the determination of residuals 2-Chloromethyl-4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl pyridine HCl (2), 2,3,5-Trimethyl pyridine Noxide (3), 4-Nitro-2,3,5-Trimethyl pyridine N-oxide (4) and 4-Methoxy-2,3,5-Trimethyl pyridine N-oxide (5) are genotoxic impurities in Esomeprazole magnesium (1) drug substance. Under the optimal conditions, the recovery for 2, 3, 4, and 5 are between 109.4% to 116.8%, 99.9% to 107.6%, 96.0% to 104.1%, and 87.4% to 105.2% for spiked samples at limits of quantification (LOQ) level in sample preparation. Limits of quantification (LOQ) and detection (LOD) are about 5 ppm and 1.5 ppm for the standard solutions of 2, 3, 4, and 5. The linearity values are 0.9989, 0.9968, 0.9988, and 0.9999 for 2, 3, 4, and 5. Based on these results, the method is applied to determine the residual genotoxic impurities are, 2-Chloro methyl-4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl pyridine HCl (2), 2,3,5-Trimethyl pyridine Noxide (3), 4-Nitro-2,3,5-Trimethyl pyridine N-oxide (4) and 4-Methoxy-2,3,5-Trimethyl pyridine N-oxide (5) in Esomeprazole magnesium (1) drug substance.

Keywords

Esomeprazole Magnesium, Single Ion Monitoring, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.

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M. Yogeshwar Reddy ¹, V. Ramesh ², Ch. Kista Reddy ³, N. Venugopal ¹, G. Saravanana ¹, M. V. Suryanarayana ¹, B. Shyam Sunder ¹, R. Surendranath Reddy ¹, G. Raju ²

Affiliations
1 Matrix Laboratories Ltd., R&D Centre, Jinnaram, Medak, 502325, IN
2 National Centre for Mass Spectrometry, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, IN
3 Department of Chemistry, P.G. College of Science, Saifabad, Hyderabad, IN

Abstract

An LC-MS method for the simultaneous determination of process related impurity of 2-Chloromethyl-3-methyl-4-(2, 2, 2-trifluoroethoxy) pyridine Hydrochloride (CMTP, 1) and RP-LC method for the routine determination of 1 in Lansoprazole (2) was presented. In LC-MS, Hypersil BDS C-18 (150 X 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column was used with mobile phase containing buffer (0.01 M ammonium acetate), acetonitrile, and methanol in 50:45:5 v/v ratios. The flow rate was 0.8 mL min^-1 and elution was monitored at 205 nm. LC analysis of 1 was done on Synergi polar RP-80A (250 X 4.6 mm, 4 μm) column using mobile phase containing buffer (0.1% triethyl amine) and acetonitrile in 65:35 v/v ratio. The flow rate was 0.8 mL min^-1 and elution was monitored at 205 nm. Both methods were validated as per International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. LC-MS is able to quantitate up to 0.9 ppm, whereas with RP-LC up to 30 ppm of 1 could be quantitated.

Keywords

Lansoprazole, Column Liquid Chromatography, Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.

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M. Yogeshwar Reddy ¹, V. Ramesh ², Ch. Kista Reddy ³, M. V. Suryanarayana ¹, M. Dilip Kumar ¹, G. Raju ², G. Saravanan ¹, Debashish Datta ¹

Affiliations
1 Matrix Laboratories Ltd., R and D Centre, Jinnaram Mandal, Medak-502325, IN
2 National Centre for Mass Spectrometry, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500007, IN
3 Department of Chemistry, P.G. College of Science, Saifabad, Hyderabad, IN

Abstract

A sensitive gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry (MS) method is developed and validated for the determination of the residues p-Anisidine and 4-Methoxy-2-nitro aniline as genotoxic impurities in Esomeprazole magnesium drug substance.

Keywords

GC-MS, Esomeprazole, Selected Ion Monitoring.

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N. Thangadurai ¹, M. P. Vasudha ¹, G. Raju ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Jain University, Bangalore, IN

Abstract

The Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System (IRNSS) renamed as NavIC is used in both the military and civilian communities for navigation, surveying, remote sensing, asset management and precise timing. A number of environmental factors are known to affect the performance of NavIC including electromagnetic interference, multipath, foliage attenuation, atmospheric delays and ionospheric effects. In this paper, the effects of the ionosphere on NavIC will be examined. Ionospheric effects are the most significant disturbance that can affect NavIC users during high sunspot activity. In the presence of glittering, ionospheric modeling can be rendered impractical and receiver performance can be severely degraded. The influence of the ionosphere and a strategy to isolate its effect are a major concern for NavIC positioning and navigation applications. It is also stronger from local sunset until just after midnight, and during periods of high solar activity. If sufficiently intense, these fluctuations can dramatically impact the performance of space-based communication and navigation systems. Therefore, it is desirable to obtain further understanding of ionosphere and its effects on NavIC.

Keywords

Ionospheric Refraction, Iono Delay, Position Error, C/No Ratio.

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M. P. Vasudha ¹, G. Raju ¹, N. Thangadurai ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Jain (Deemed-to-be University), Bengaluru 562 112, IN

Abstract

In this study, a sensor is designed based on a basic radiometer system at 18.8 GHz for ground-based testing and operations. Initially a generic radiometer will be designed in total power radiometer configuration (Phase 1) that is more appropriate for remote sensing platforms for operations in a campaign mode, such as an airborne mission. The same radiometer is proposed to be modified as a null-balancing Dicke radiometer (Phase 2) that is more suitable for long-term field operations over a range of temperatures and environmental conditions. This system is also useful for long-term propagation experiments in communication. The development of a millimeter-wave radiometer is in several hardware realization phases identified as Phases 1 and 2. The present proposal is expected to facilitate realization and utilization of microwave radiometers for space applications. The team at Jain University, Bengaluru will complement activities at ISRO in remote sensing applications through any campaigns proposed by the latter. Any future incremental development activities such as augmentation at higher frequencies as well testing newer concepts such as phased-array antenna for electronic scanning at lower frequencies, dichroic antennas at very high frequencies, etc. may be attempted based on the trends in technology/hardware.

Keywords

Disaster Monitoring, Microwave Radiometer, Remote Sensing, Snow/Ice Studies.

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