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Abhijeet Mukherjee ¹, G. Prabhakar ²

Affiliations
1 National Mineral Development Corporation Limited, Khanij Bhavan, Masab Tank, Hyderabad - 500 028, IN
2 Department of Geology, PG College of Science Saifabad, Osrnania University, Hyderabad - 500 004, IN

Abstract

The Velugumetla barite deposit, Khammarn district is studied for fluid inclusions, sulphur and strontium isotopes The inclustons that are random in distnbution and varying in size from 15-30 μ are classed as primary and the inclusions le ss than 15 μ in size and having linear trails as secondary Heating runs of the primary and secondary inclusions show peaks at 235° C to 245 °C(T_h) and 130°C to 140°C respectively Both the primary and secondary biphase liquid rich(L+V) inclusions hornogenized by the disappearance of the vapour phase The composition of fluid has been surmised as H₂O+NaCl+KCl The salinity was calculated as 12 7 wt% NaCI eqv The minimun depth of precipitation of barite was estimated to be 300 m and the density calculated as 0 94g/cm³ with a fluid pressure of 31 2 bars The fluid inclusion data of barite veins of vein bantes of Velugumetla, Khammarn district and other vein deposits of the Cuddapah Basin are correlatabte in terms of composition, salinity, density, pressure depth of entrapment and temperature of homogenization.

The δ³⁴S values for barite varies between +23 5 to+25 6 %O and pyrite has values between -0 9 to + 1 9 %O in case of the barite pyrite pairs that were studied from six different localities of the Cuddapah Basin and Khammam The δ<sup34 S values of the vein barite deposits of the Cuddapah Basin and Khammam area similar to the contemporaneous sea water The strontium isotope (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)ratios) show wide variation 0 705 to 0 722 for the vein barites of Cuddapah Basin and Kharnmam and indicates significant contribution of radiogenic Sr from older continental crust.

Keywords

Fluid inclusions, sulphur Isotopes, Strontium Isotopes, Velugumetla, Khammam district, Cuddapah Basin, Andhra Pradesh.

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K. V. Siva Prasada Rao ¹, Radhika Sushma ², G. Prabhakar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam - 3, IN
2 Department of Home Science, M.R. College for Women, Vizianagaram, IN

Abstract

During the early 60's, a massive drive for protein- rich foods tripped the whole of the developing world, since it was felt that the diet in these countries are deficient in proteins leading to serious health complications ranging from growth retardation in the milder forms to serious life threatening diseases, specially among children. All efforts were thus geared to exploit the existing conventional protein rich foods and identify non-conventional foods, which could bridge the protein gap. It was in this context that spirulina gained great prominence.

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Ishrath ¹, G. Prabhakar ¹, M. Raghavender ²

Affiliations
1 Deptt. of Geology, P. G. College of Science, Saifabad, Osmania University, Hyderabad-500 004, A. P., IN
2 Deptt. of Statistics, P. G. College of Science, Saifabad, Osmania University, Hyderabad-500 004, IN

Abstract

Principal component analysis (PCA) of chemical variables of groundwater is used to interpret the relationship between the specific processes that control the quality of water. Groundwater samples were collected from Mianpur urban area, Hyderabad, and analysed for trace elements chemistry. The PCA separates the chemical variables into six principal components by HCO₃, Cl, NO₃, Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Ti and Zn. The principal component-I shows the significance on cadmium. The principal component-II shows the significance on calcium, chromium and iron. Tin, chromium, copper, manganese and lead show the significance on PC-III, PC-IV, PC-V and PC-VI, which are ignored as these show very less significance on the elements. These three principal components are identified with the processes of salinity, alkalinity and pollution, which are considered as lithologically and non-lithologically controlled factors. Identification of the zones helps to take appropriate management measures to improve quality of groundwater for sustainable development of the area.

Keywords

Principal Component Analysis, Groundwater Assessment, Mianpur Urban Area.

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Ishrath ¹, G. Prabhakar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Geology, Post Graduate College of Science, Saifabad, Osmania University, Hyderabad-500 004, A.P., IN

Abstract

A detailed study on hydrochemistry of groundwater in Miyapur area, Ranga Reddy District, Andhra Pradesh, India has been carried out to assess the quality of groundwater for determining its suitability for drinking purpose. The area, underlained by grey and pink granites of granitoid complex, is associated with profused injections of aplite and fine grained quartzo felspathic veins and pegmatites basic intrusives, which include dolerite, gabbro and pyroxenite, cut across rocks in the study area. Red sandy soils and laterite soils are major soil types in this area. Twenty groundwater samples have been collected from bore wells during premonsoon and postmonsoon seasons of the year 2008. The samples were analysed for various water quality parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), major cations like calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and anions like chloride, nitrate, fluoride and sulphate. The physicochemical parameters have been compared with the standard guideline values as recommended by WHO and BIS for drinking and public health. It is observed that the pH value is not exceeding the excessive limits in both premonsoon and postmonsoon. Overall, the samples of premonsoon and postmonsoon seasons are not exceeding the excessive limits of calcium. All the samples of both premonsoon and postmonsoon are exceeding the excessive limits of magnesium, which indicates that the water is becoming hard due to the pollutants coming out from the industries. Sodium and potassium indicates increase in levels of sodium in groundwater due to percolation from sodium and potassium bearing minerals. Anions like chloride in all the samples are not exceeding the permissible limits. The concentration of nitrate is above permissible limits. The concentration of fluoride is below permissible limits in postmonsoon. Sulphate concentration is less than permissible limit in all the samples of premonsoon and postmonsoon.

Keywords

Miyapur Area, Groundwater Quality, Hydrochemistry, Drinking Water.

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G. Prabhakar ¹, P. Srinivas ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Geology, University College of Science, Saifabad, Osmania University, Hyderabad-500004, IN

Abstract

In this study, morphometric analysis and prioritization of 12 sub-watersheds of Brahmani and Baitarni Basins, which are located in Keonjhar and Sundargarh Districts of Odisha State, India is carried out using Remote Sensing and GIS techniques. The morphometric parameters considered for analysis are stream order, stream length, bifurcation ratio, drainage density, stream frequency, texture ratio, form factor, circulatory ratio, elongation ratio, relief ratio, length of overland flow and basin shape. A total number of 1654 streams were identified of which 1223 are first order streams, 320 are 2^nd order, 77 are 3^rd order, 20 are 4^th order, 6 are 5^th order, 4 are 6^th order and 4 are of 7^th order. The streams up to seventh order can be seen in BAISWD6, BAISWD7, BAISWD8, and BAISWD11. Drainage patterns of stream network from the basin have been observed as mainly dendritic type which indicates the homogeneity in texture and lack of structural control. The drainage pattern is dendritic and the highest order stream is of 7^th order. The bifurcation ratio (Rbm) varies from 2.99 to 5.91 and all sub-watersheds fall under normal basin category. The drainage density (Dd) of the study area is varying between 2.05 and 2.89 km/km² indicating low density with highly permeable subsoil, thick vegetation cover, low relief and course drainage texture. Elongation ratio of all the watersheds varies between 0.65 to 0.70 respectively and indicating that it is elongated. Circulatory Ratio (Rc) ranges from 0.38 to 0.68 indicating that all the sub-watersheds except BAISWD6 are more or less circular and are characterized by high to moderate relief and drainage system is structurally controlled. The sub-watershed BAISWD6 having the Rc value of 0.38 indicating that it is elongated. The relief ratio of all sub-watersheds varies between the values of 23.56 to 47.59m, which indicates that the basin has strong relief and steep slope. The compound parameter values of 12 sub-watersheds of study area were calculated and prioritization rating was carried out. Sub-watershed BAISWD9 with a compound parameter value of 5.6 receives the highest priority indicates the greater degree of erosion in the particular sub-watershed and it becomes potential area for applying soil conservative measure.

Keywords

Dendrites, Drainage Patterns, GIS, Morphometric Analysis, Watershed.

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