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G. Kathiravan ¹, M. Thirunavukkarasu ¹, R. Arumugam ², C. Manivannan ³

Affiliations
1 Deptt. of Animal Husbandry Statistics &Computer Applications, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai–600007, IN
2 Veterinary University Training and Research Centre, Coimbatore – 641 035, IN
3 Directorate of Extension Education, TANUVAS, Chennai – 600 051, IN

Abstract

The demand for public and private livestock services was measured by counts of utilisation, in southern peninsular State of India, Tamil Nadu for which the districts of the State were categorized as 'Livestock Developed' (LD) and 'Livestock Under Developed' (LUD) based on initial base line. A double process approach, that envisaged to distinguish the contact process (to access to specific provider or not?) from utilisation (given that the first answer was YES, how much was consumed? That is, whether the contact was by chance or by choice) was used to analyse the factors influencing the demand for public and private livestock services. The hurdle models for animal health care and bovine breeding services were estimated by employing a Probit model and a truncated-at-zero Poisson model. The analysis pointed out that the likelihood of availing services of public system would become low as the distance of the centre from home increased, leading the farmers to choose private animal health care services. The farmer whose dependency on livestock for livelihood is more had lesser probability of contacting public service provider which indirectly indicates the level of their faith on public system. The demand for public animal health care services was less in LD districts, while their demand was more in LUD districts. Contrastingly, the farmers in LD districts preferred AI at public centres, while their counterparts in LUD districts preferred private AI.

Keywords

Livestock Services, Demand, Hurdle Model, Animal Health Care, AI, Tamil Nadu

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V. Senthilkumar ¹, M. Thirunavukkarasu ², G. Kathiravan ²

Affiliations
1 Dept. of Animal Husbandry Economics, Veterinary College & Research Institute, Namakkal - 637 001, IN
2 Dept. of Animal Husbandry Statistics and Computer Applications, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai – 600 007, IN

Abstract

A study was conducted to estimate the economic losses due to enterotoxaemia and to analyse the factors influencing those losses. The data were collected from the sample of 42 enterotoxaemia-affected sample sheep farms randomly selected from 6 blocks in Dharmapuri district of Tamil Nadu. The average annual economic loss due to enterotoxaemia was estimated to be Rs.2161.00, Rs.4039.58 and Rs.4792.74 in small, medium and large farms respectively, in which the loss due to mortality formed the greater proportion with around 94 per cent in all size categories. The overall per animal loss due to enterotoxaemia in ram, ewe and lamb was Rs.1142.50, Rs.856.70 and Rs.364.00 respectively. As all the affected animals died, the economic loss involved was just more than the value of animals lost, considering the treatment cost. The regression functional analysis carried out indicated that the variables such as the number of adults affected, number of young ones affected, season during which the disease occurred and whether regular deworming was done or not were all found to be significantly influencing the losses due to enterotoxaemia.

Keywords

Enterotoxaemia, Livestock, Sheep, India

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J. Vardhana ¹, G. Kathiravan ¹, R. Dhivya ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Biotechnology, Vels University, Pallavaram, Chennai, IN

Abstract

Plants have served humankind as source of fuel, food, clothing, shelter and medicine since the beginning of life. Many new modern techniques, methods, strategies and plant associations have been put into use to improve the quantity and quality of plant resources. Among the microbial populations in plants, endophytes play a key role in almost every aspects right from the production of bioactive compounds, and its role in medicinal applications. In the present study, the following are the list of plants from which the leaf samples have been collected Mangifera indica (L), Psidium guajava (L), Catharanthus roseus (L) G.don, Citrus limon (L). Burm.f., Murraya koenigii (L), Hibiscus rosasinensis (L). The inoculated leaf sample harboured a total of 50 isolate comprised of Zygomycotina (5), Ascomycotina (3), Hypomycetes (35) and Coelomycetes (7). Hymomycetes and Coelomycetes were the common fungus grown in all the leaf samples. Among the Hypomycetes and Coelomycetes fungi, two genera from Coelomycetes Botryodiplodia theobromae and Pestalotiopsis breviseta were frequently reccuring in all the months considered for the study.

Keywords

Biodiversity, Endophytic Fungi, Hypomycetes, Coelomycetes.

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B. Meenashree ¹, G. Kathiravan ¹, K. Srinivasan ², B. Rajangam ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Biotechnology, Vels University, VISTAS, Velan Nagar, Pallavaram, Chennai-117, IN
2 Department of Mathematics, Vels University, VISTAS, Velannagar, Pallavaram, Chennai-117, IN
3 University of Madras, Guindy campus, Chennai- 017, IN

Abstract

High phenolic content of Bacopa monnieri often causes browning of callus culture, to prevent this various hormones at different concentrations were used. 2,4dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 6-benzylamino Purine (BAP) were used in the current study. Out of these plant hormones NAA gave healthy calli without any browning. 2,4-D was least preferable as it caused complete browning of the calli within a week. Apart from plant hormones other nutrients also played a major role in preventing the browning. The concentration of ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate and sucrose was reduced. Reducing sucrose concentration affected the growth of the calli hence it did not help much, but reducing the amount of nitrate source in the media aided in preventing the browning. Addition of ascorbic acid (100mg/L) also stopped the browning.

Keywords

Callus Culture, Browning, Ascorbic Acid, 1-Naphthaleneacetic Acid, Nitrate.

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R. Arvindganth ¹, K. V. Anupriya ¹, G. Kathiravan ¹

Affiliations
1 Vels University, Pallavaram, Chennai, IN

Abstract

This study reports in vitro cytotoxicity effect of biogenic synthesized silver nanoparticles against HT-29 colon cancer cell line. The formation of silver nanoparticles was observed at 449nm, further the various characterization techniques such as UV, SEM, IR studies were conformed the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The plant extract derived nanoparticle sample was exhibited significant cytotoxicity effects against HT-29 colon cancer cell line. Thus, the results shows the present study indicates the biogenic synthesized silver nanoparticles might be used to treat colon cancer cell line and it's followed to their potential as anticancer agents.

Keywords

Annona muricata, Silver Nanoparticles, UV, SEM, IR, HT-29 Cell Line.

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T. Thilagavathi ¹, G. Kathiravan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Biotechnology, Vels University Pallavaram, Chennai, IN

Abstract

The present study was conducted to analyze the phytochemicals like tannins, Saponins, Flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, glycosides, reducing sugar, resins and anthocyanins in the ethanolic extract of the leaf of Ficus racemosa by standard procedure. The antimicrobial activity of the plant extract was evaluated against the three bacteria and three fungi at different concentrations by using disc diffusion and agar well diffusion methods. The plant sample was found to be bacteriostatic and fungistatic in action, thus can be used as a source of antibiotic agents for drug development that can be used in the control of these bacterial and fungal species.

Keywords

Tannin, Flavonoids, Antibacterial, Antifungal, Ethanolic Extract, Ficus racemosa.

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