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I. E. Otuokere ¹, G. U. Okafor ², A. J. Chinweuba ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Chemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, NG
2 Department of Pharmacy, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, NG
3 Department of Chemistry, Anambra State University, Uli, NG

Abstract

Newly synthesized 1-(2, 4-Dihydroxyphenyl) Ethanone ligand and its Co(II), Ni(II), Zn(II) and Pd(II) metal complexes were tested for their fungicidal potentials against Gibberela, Cercospora arachidicola, Physolopora piricola and Fusarium oxysporium.

Preliminary in vitro test for fungicidal activity of the ligand and complexes were carried out by the fungi growth inhibition method. In general, the ligand and the complexes displayed certain activity against the fungi species at 25ppm, 50ppm and 100ppm. The complexes are more toxic to the fungi species than the uncomplexed ligand at different concentrations. The inhibition percentage of the ligand and complexes increases as the concentration increases. The metal complexes show more increased activity than the corresponding ligands.

Keywords

1-(2, 4-Dihydroxyphenyl) Ethanone, Fungi, Inhibition, Complexes.

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A. J. Chinweuba ¹, I. E. Otuokere ², M. C. Opara ³, G. U. Okafor ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Chemistry, Anambra State University, Uli, NG
2 Department of Chemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, NG
3 Anambra State University, Uli, NG
4 Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, NG

Abstract

Proximate and chemical analysis were carried out on the Early Larva (EL) and Late Larva (LL) stages of Raphia palm weevil (Rhynchophorus Phoenicis) to ascertain its nutrition potentials. The Late Larva stage had the highest protein content of 10.50% while 9.10% was recorded for early larva stage. All other essential classes of food and amino acids were detected in varying amounts. The values derived for macro elements such as calcium, potassium and iron were (0.28 ± 0.01mg/100g), (455.00 ± 21.00mg/100g) and (6.50 ± 0.40mg/100g) respectively for Early Larva stage; (0.27 ± 0.01mg/100g), (457.50 ± 10.61mg/100g) and (6.00 ± 1.10mg/100g) respectively for Late Larva stage. The results of the mineral contents showed that nutritive contents of Phynchophorus phoenicis at LL stage are higher than EL stage. The study attests that both stages of the insect larva could form a base for food security by providing nutritious food to meet people dietary needs for active and healthy life.

Keywords

Food Security, Phynchophorus phoenicis, Malnutrition, Macro Elements.

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A. J. Chinweuba ¹, I. E. Otuokere ², M. C. Opara ³, G. U. Okafor ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Chemistry, Anambra State University, Uli, NG
2 Department of Chemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, NG
3 Anambra State University, Uli, NG
4 Department of Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, NG

Abstract

Diesel engines represent most widely used machines in agriculture. The exhaust gases from the combustion of fossil fuels in the engines pollute the environment. Watermelon seed (Citrillus vulgaris) oil was evaluated for its physical and chemical properties as fuel for diesel engines. Oil was extracted from watermelon seed by soxhlet method. The oil yield was 20% and the oil was comparatively analyzed for fuel properties: relative density, refractive index, viscosity, water content, calorific value, gross calorific value ash content and burning characteristics. Trace metal and IR spectra analysis were also determined. Results showed that the watermelon seed oil could be utilized as substitute for diesel oil.

Keywords

Diesel Oil, Citrillus vulgaris, Alternative, Seed Oil, Fuel Properties.

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I. E. Otuokere ¹, E. N. Orjiako ², G. U. Okafor ³, A. J. Chinweuba ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Chemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, NG
2 Department of Industrial Chemistry, Anambra State University, Uli, NG
3 Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnanmdi Azikiwe University, Awka, NG

Abstract

New Schiff base ligand (benzene-1,2-diyldimethaniminedibenzoic acid) was prepared via condensation of o-phthaldehyde and 2-aminobenzoic acid in 1:2 ratio. Metal complexes were prepared and characterized using elemental analyses, IR, molar conductance, electronic spectra, ¹H NMR and ¹³CNMR. From the elemental analyses and spectra data, the complexes were proposed to have the general formulae [M(L₂)] (where M=Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II)). The molar conductance data revealed that all the metal chelates were non-electrolytes. IR spectra suggested coordination to the metal ions in a bi-negative tetradentate manner with NOON donor sites of the azomethine-N and carboxylate-O. The ¹H NMR spectral data indicate that the two carboxylate protons are also displaced during complexation. Formula determination using method of continuous variation gave metal:ligand ratio of 1:1. Based on spectra studies, a tetrahedral geometry have been proposed for the complexes.

Keywords

Schiff Base, Transition Metal Complexes, Spectroscopy, Molar Conductance.

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I. E. Otuokere ¹, E. N. Orjiako ², G. U. Okafor ³, A. J. Chinweuba ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Chemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, NG
2 Department of Industrial Chemistry, Anambra State University, Uli, NG
3 Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, NG

Abstract

The reaction of benzene-1,3-diol with ethyl cyanide have been studied and the product 1-(2,4- dihydroxyphenyl) ethanone have been isolated. Divalent metal complexes of Co (II), Ni (II), Zn (II) and Pd (II) have been synthesized and tentative structures were proposed for these complexes based on elemental analysis, electrical conductivity, UV-Vis, IR, ¹HNMR, ¹³CNMR. The spectra studies suggested bidentate co-ordination through the carbonyl and deprotonated hydroxyl group. The formula determination by method of continuous variation suggested a metal:ligand ratio of 1:2. A tetrahedral geometry has been suggested for the complexes.

Keywords

Ligands, Complexes, Spectra, Tetrahedral Geometry.

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