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Mayank Shukla ¹, Amitav Bhattacharyya ¹, Pankaj Kumar Shukla ¹, Debashis Roy ², Brijesh Yadav ³, Rajneesh Sirohi ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Poultry Science, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, IN
2 Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, IN
3 Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, IN
4 Livestock Production and Management, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Background and Aim: In the recent past, few studies have been carried out in chicken to assess the effect of Azolla meal and raw Azolla feeding on the performance of chicken. If turkeys effectively use unconventional feedstuffs like Azolla without reducing the performance, it will increase the profitability of turkey business. Hence, a study was carried out to evaluate the effect of dried Azolla pinnata vis-a-vis raw Azolla as choice feeding on the growth, feed conversion ratio (FCR), blood biochemical attributes, and immune competence traits of growing turkeys under intensive system.

Materials and Methods: A total of 72, 8-week-old grower turkey poults of black variety were randomly distributed into three dietary treatments having three replicates each with eight birds. The birds of the control group (T1) were fed a basal diet (CP - 19.71% and ME - 2789.79 Kcal/kg), while the other group (T2) and choice-feeding group (T3) were fed 5% of basal diet replaced by dry Azolla powder on DM basis and ad libitum Azolla along with basal diet, respectively.

Results: There was no significant difference among the different groups in the average weekly weight gain during the entire experiment. FCR was significantly better (p<0.05) in the choice-feeding group compared to the other two experimental groups during 8-16 weeks of age. There was no significant difference among the treatment groups in any of the blood biochemical indices except plasma uric acid, which was significantly decreased (p<0.01) in T2 compared to T1 at 16 weeks of age. HA and IgM response to 1% sheep red blood cells (log2 titer) were numerically better in T2 and T3 compared to the T1.

Conclusion: Thus, it may be inferred that choice feeding with Azolla, and basal diet may improve FCR without any adverse effect on blood biochemical attributes and immune competence traits.

Keywords

Azolla, Biochemical Attributes, Body Weight, Immunity, Turkeys.

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Aditya Sharma ¹, Pankaj Kumar Shukla ¹, Amitav Bhattacharyya ¹, Upendra Kumar ¹, Debashis Roy ², Brijesh Yadav ³, Atul Prakash ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Poultry Science, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Mathura-281001, Uttar Pradesh, IN
2 Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Mathura-281001, Uttar Pradesh, IN
3 Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Mathura-281001, Uttar Pradesh, IN
4 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Mathura-281001, Uttar Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Aim: In the recent past, few studies have been carried out about sea buckthorn (SBT) and giloe in chicken as a part of the quest for suitable alternatives to antibiotics. However, studies in turkeys are lacking. Hence, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of SBT and giloe leaf meal by dietary feed supplementation in turkey poults.
Materials and Methods: A total of 1-day-old turkey poults (n=84) of small white variety were distributed into four dietary treatments having three replicates each with seven birds. The study was conducted in turkey poults during 0-8 weeks of age. During the experiment, the poults were fed basal ration (28% crude protein [CP], 2800 Kcal/kg ME) T1, T2-basal ration was supplemented with SBT leaf meal powder at 0.5%, T3-basal ration was supplemented with giloe leaf meal powder at 0.5%, and T4-basal ration was fed along with supplementation of both SBT at 0.5% and giloe leaf meal powder at 0.5%.
Results: T2 turkey poults had a significantly higher (p<0.01) body weight gain than T3 and T4 at 7^th week of age. Weekly body weight gain was significantly higher (p<0.05) in T2 than T3 during 5^th-8^th week and 0-8^th week of the growth phase. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly better (p<0.01) in T2 than other treatment groups during 4^th-8^th week phase of growth (2.09 vs. 2.36, 2.29 and 2.31). Further, FCR was significantly better (p<0.01) in T2 group as compared to other treatment groups during 0-8^th week of growth phase (1.95 vs. 2.21, 2.21 and 2.12). Plasma uric acid was found significantly increased (p<0.05) in T1 than T3 and T4, and alkaline phosphatase value was significantly higher (p<0.05) in T1 and T3 than T2. Zinc content of breast (pectoralis major) muscles was significantly higher (p<0.05) in T2 and T4 as compared to T1, while ether extract (EE) in thigh (ilio tibialis) muscles was significantly higher (p<0.05) in T2 as compared to the other treatment groups.
Conclusion: It may be concluded that supplementation of SBT leaf meal at 0.5% may improve production performance of turkey poults. Supplementation of 0.5% SBT leaf meal may result in higher levels of zinc and EE in the breast and thigh cuts of turkey poults.

Keywords

Giloe, Growth, Meat Composition, Sea Buckthorn, Turkey.

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Dipak Kumar Hazra ¹, Amrish Agrawal ², Aloke Purkait ³, Debashis Roy ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Chemicals, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, Nadia - 741235, West Bengal, IN
2 Formulation Division, Institute of Pesticide Formulation Technology (IPFT), Gurugram – 122016, Haryana, IN
3 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Palli-Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Agriculture), Visva - Bharati, Sriniketan - 731236, Birbhum, West Bengal, IN
4 Department of Agricultural Entomology, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia - 741252, West Bengal, IN

Abstract

Emulsifiable Concentrate (EC) formulations have been criticized due to presence of large amount of solvents. In present work, user and environment friendly Chlorpyriphos 20 EC was developed using biodegradable vegetable oil to replace high-risk volatile solvents. Physico-chemical parameters of developed ECs were tested to standardize the formulations. Experimental results showed that soybean oil and combination of Nonyl Phenol Ethoxylate-13 and Calcium Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate was the best formulation. Storage stability of vegetable oil based EC formulation was higher than the organic solvent based. Developed ECs were undergone in-vivo bioassay to investigate their effectiveness against brinjal fruit and shoot borer during 2013-2014 and 2014-2015. Vegetable oil based EC was found to superior over solvent based EC formulations. Vegetable oil based EC was relatively soft to prevailing natural defenders and exhibits no phytotoxicity.

Keywords

Chlorpyrifos, Economic Yield, Emulsifiable Concentrate, Flash Point, Predators.

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