Informatics Publishing Limited

D. Dey ¹, S. Sharma ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Engineering Physics, Tripura Institute of Technology, Narsingarh, Tripura (W)-799009, IN
2 Centre for Electronics Design and Technology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, IN

Abstract

The carbon emission is one of the main causes of global warming which is leading to drastic climate change. There has been compulsion for India to minimize carbon emission by at least 25% and it was the main issue of Copenhagen Climate change meets 2009. Electric bike (ebike) is one solution to reduce the carbon emission in the automotive world. This paper reports about the history, necessity, technical details, advantages&disadvantage along with word wide and national scenario of ebike sector.

Full Text

   

D. Dey ¹, M. K. Gupta ¹, N. Karam ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Central Agricultural University, Imphal-795004, IN
2 Directorate of Research, Central Agricultural University, Imphal-795004, IN

Abstract

Galerucella placida Baly is a small leaf beetle belonging to the family Chrysomelidae. which feeds on aquatic weed Polygonum hydropiper Linn. The insect was reported from various regions of India during 1910-1936. Investigation on some biological parameters of G. placida and feeding of the P. hydropiper by G. placida was conducted in laboratory. The results indicated the fecundity of G. placida was 710-1210 eggs per female. Eggs were markedly bright yellow, pyriform basally rounded and oval at tip. It measured 0.67 mm in length and 0.46 mm in width. Average incubation period was 3.80 days. Larvae of G. placida underwent three moults. The first instar larva was yellow in colour and measured 1.26 mm in length and 0.40 mm in width. The second instar was yellowish in colour but after an hour of feeding, the colour of the grub changes to blackish brown from yellow. It measured 2.64 mm in length and 0.77 mm in width. The third instar measured 5.59 mm in length and 1.96 mm in width. The average total larval duration of G. placida was 13.30 days. The fully developed pupa looked black in colour and measured 4.58 mm in length and 2.37 mm in width. Adult 4.50 days. The adult female was bigger than male. The adult male measured 5.60 mm in length and 2.35 mm in width and adult female measured 6.25 mm in length and 2.50 mm in width. Longevity of adult male was 35.40 days and while female was 40.40 days. Total life cycle duration of G. placida was completed in 21.60 days from egg to adult emergence. The damage was caused by both adult as well as grubs. At high population densities of adults and grubs, complete defoliation was seen. The average leaf area scrapped by larva and adult was 511.61 sq. cm and 866.35 sq. cm respectively.

Keywords

Galerucella placida, Polygonum hydropiper, Biology, Feeding.

Full Text

   

S. Routray ¹, K. V. Hari Prasad ¹, D. Dey ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, S. V. Agricultural College, Tirupati - 517 501, ANGRAU, Andhra Pradesh, IN
2 Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, OUAT, Bhubaneswar-3, IN

Abstract

Biology of Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fabricius) was studied on aphids reared on different host plants. The total life cycle of C. sexmaculata ranged from 19.56 days to 27.87 days when aphids fed to this were reared on six different host plants viz., cowpea, groundnut, cotton, sunflower, greengram and blackgram. Adult male longevity varied from 11.00 to 14.00 days. Adult female longevity varied from 14.00 to 17.00 days. Shortest larval duration (6.75 days) was noticed on cowpea and longest larval duration (8.25 days) was noticed on groundnut. On cotton and sunflower 25 per cent larval mortality each were noticed. The head capsule width of first, second, third and fourth instar larvae of C. sexmaculata were 0.28±0.09 mm, 0.42±0.06 mm, 0.58±0.01 mm and 0.63±0.03 mm respectively when fed to aphids from nucleus culture.

Keywords

Aphis craccivora, Cheilomenes sexmaculata, Host Plants, Larval Duration, Larval Mortality.

Full Text

   

D. Dey ¹, S. Routray ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar (Odisha), IN

Abstract

Resistance has been defined as a developed ability in a strain to tolerate doses of toxicants which would prove lethal to the majority of individuals in normal population of the same species (Anonymous,1957), World Health Organization (WHO), Expert Committee on Insecticides, (1957). Insecticides resistance management (IRM) strategies are becoming more important in agricultural production system. Pest resistance to a insecticide can be managed by reducing selection pressure by the insecticide on the pest population.Preventing and managing resistance to insecticides is an important stewardship practice that ensure insect control products will remain effective long term.In other words, the situation when all the pest except the most resistant ones are killed by a given chemical should be avoided.Resistance to insecticides was first documented in 1914 by A. L. Melander in the Journal of Economic Entomology.

Full Text

     

S. Routray ¹, D. Dey ¹

Affiliations
1 Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar (Odisha), IN

Abstract

Snails and slugs are part of the class of creatures called gastropods. Gastropod comes from the Greek wordsgastros (stomach) and podos (foot). They are the animals without backbones, having asymmetrical, unsegmented and spirally coiled body. When snails have a well-developed shell, slugs have only a rudimentary shell often enclosed in a visceral hump. Snails and slugs are hermaphrodites but there is reciprocal exchange of spermatozoa as they mature before development of eggs. Self-fertilization is prevented. They have good protection against dehydration; hence they avoid direct sunlight and environments with a low relative humidity. They hide during day time in moist places or under debris and feed mainly at night when the temperature drops and humidity rises. Snails secrete light yellow slime and slugs secrete colourless slime which becomes silvery after drying.

Full Text

     

D. Dey ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar (Odisha), IN

Abstract

Insecticide use is an important and integral component of crop production system. Insecticide use increased substantially over the years. Insecticide consumption increased by 2158.6 per cent in 2004 over 1982, but now there is declining trend in their use. Indiscriminate use of insecticides also lead to several diseases in human health. Concentration of insecticide in surface and ground water is also a major factor for environmental pollution. Insecticide like Diazinon shows the maximum concentration in surface and ground water. Therefore, the concentration of Diazinon should not be more than the recommended limits i.e. 0.003 μg/l to protect the fresh water aquatic life and also eliminate the lethal effects of insecticide residues in ground water. The status of the insecticide residue in lake water i.e. the areas that were not involved in vegetable or horticultural farming is highest in chlorpyriphos ethyl (which was above WHO limit) while the residual levels of endosulfan sulphate and endosulfan ether found in agricultural soil were higher than those of alpha and beta endosulfan, which indicates that degradation reactions take place mainly in agricultural soil.

Keywords

Impact of Indiscriminate, Use of Insecticide, Environment Pollution.

Full Text

     

S. Shil ¹, D. Nath ¹, D. Dey ¹, A. Chakraborty ¹

Affiliations
1 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Khowai (Tripura), IN

Abstract

Banana (Musa sapientum) is an important tropical fruit crop in India. External appearance of is important factor which decides the market value of the product. Many banana growers suffer huge monetary loss due to pre harvest eating of insects especially scaring beetle, mechanical injury, damage of foxes etc. In Khowai district of Tripura, the infestation of insect was found to be very high. To address the problem an experiment was conducted in the instructional farm of KVK, Khowai, Tripura, India during the year 2016-17 and 2017-18. Ten numbers of bunches were random selected from an already existing banana cv. SABRI orchard. The experiment was comprises of two treatment- T1 : bunches are covering with 6 per cent ventilated Polythene covers / sleeves of size 200 cm length x 150 cm width x 175 gauge thickness and T2 : not covered or control. It was observed that the banana fruits matured under covered condition were more visually appealing as they were clean and had minimal bruises, especially more large-grade fruit with uniform fullness of fruit within the bunch compared to those grown uncovered. 11.45 per cent more finger length and 7.35 per cent more individual fruit weight was noticed in cover bunches compared to that uncovered. Bunch covering also had a positive on the TSS content of the fruit. Further, bagging helps in shorten the time from flowering to physiological maturity by 10. Thus bunch covering can be recommended for commercial banana orchards in Tripura to produce high quality fruits.

Keywords

Bunch Bagging, Fruit, Banana, SABRI.

Full Text