Informatics Publishing Limited

M. Singla ¹, A. Sharma ², C. Samuel ³, J. George ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychiatry, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, IN
2 Department of Psychiatry, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College and Hospital Faridkot, Punjab, IN
3 Christian Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, IN

Abstract

Objective:In our study, 95 Urban and 56 rural populations of menopausal women were subjected to SCL 80 scale to determine psychiatric morbidity.

Material and Methods: Assessment was made using ATM scale, MRS scale and their coping strategies were noted. Data was statistically analyzed.

Results: The rural women were found to succumb 1.4 times more to physical and mental exhaustion after menopause than urban women (P<0.042). Percentage scores of the urban respondents were significantly more concerned how their husbands would feel about them after menopause (χ² =8.35, p<0.004). Statistically significant (p<0.011) urban women (5.47) show more depressive symptoms than rural women (3.08) and statistically significant (p<0.019) urban (2.33) than rural women (1.25) had more of anger hostility symptoms.

Conclusion: Emotionally stable, literacy, medical knowledge about menopause, good social support was among predominant markers for positive outcome.

Keywords

SCL (Symptom Check List-80), ATM (Attitude Towards Menopause), Menopause Rating Scale (MRS), Coping Stratigies, Anger Hostility, Psychiatric Morbidity.

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C. Samuel ¹, S. Antelin Vijila ²

Affiliations
1 Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, IN
2 Department of CSE, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, IN

Abstract

This paper reports on the design and test of an image processing algorithm for the segmentation of the optic disk (OD) in fundus images. This work describes the methods to detect main features of fundus images such as optic disk and optic cup in a retinal image, optic disk (OD) appears as a roughly round region which is brighter than its surrounding. The location of any abnormality in a retinal image relative to OD is useful for later analysis and classification of pathologies. Optic cup is found using their high greylevel variation and their contours are determined by means of morphological techniques. The blood vessels are highlighted using bottom hat transform and morphological dilation after edge detection. All the enhanced features are then combined in the fundus image for the detection of abnormalities in the eye. In this project, we do Segmentation into a piecewise constant structure which requires one more step using optic disc Extraction algorithm (ODE). Since convergence is guaranteed, the technique does not require the intervention of the user to stop the filtering at the desired image quality. This scheme has been tested on a number of retinal images in which the optical disc has been successfully segmented.

Keywords

Optic Disc, Retina, Fundus Images, Pathologies.

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